[Aminoaciduria in patients with cerebral stroke].
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
E Nowakowska
Publications and source records attributed to E Nowakowska.
A retrospective analysis of the patients with acute renal failure treated at the Artificial Kidney Center. A thirteen-year experience.
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Acute Kidney Injury↗
Studies on the locus coeruleus system in an animal model for antidepressive activity.
The present study was performed in order to evaluate the role of brain noradrenergic system of the locus coeruleus (LC) in mediating the effect of desipramine (DMI) in the behavioral despair (immobility) induced by forced swim in rats. Both single and repetitive doses of DMI significantly reduced the immobility. The effect of single dose of drug was reduced in LC lesioned rats. On the other hand, lesions failed to influence the action of repetitive doses of DMI. A lesion of the LC alone failed to influence animals' behavior in the immobility test. Electrical stimulation of the LC (either unilateral or bilateral) significantly reduced the immobility i.e. produced an effect similar to that produced by DMI. The possible involvement of the LC in action of DMI and mechanisms of depression is discussed.
Animals↗
Pharmacokinetic aspects of habituation to benzodiazepines.
In state of tolerance to the sedative effect of nitrazepam (NTZ) its pharmacokinetic properties are changed: the absorption is slowed down, the elimination, in contrast, is accelerated due to the rapid biotransformation. The NTZ content in brain tissue is increased significantly with respect to the brain levels of animals treated with a single dose of NTZ. In animals of only moderate intensity of tolerance produced by oxazepam (OX) the brain concentrations of OX are correlated with the developed tolerance.
Animals↗
Development of tolerance to benzodiazepines. I. Changes in the systems of central nervous system neurotransmitters during long-term administration of nitrazepam.
A purpose of the study was determination of the relationships between the brain levels of neuro-mediators: noradrenaline (NA), dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the development of tolerance to the sedative and anticonvulsive action of Nitrazepam. It was found that during tolerance development the GABA level increased in the cerebral tissue and changes appeared in the activity state of the serotoninergic system.
Animals↗
On P-chlorphenylalanine interference with phenobarbital formation from primidone.
Premedication with PCPA antagonized in rats the anticonvulsant activity of Primidone and of other drugs against seizures evoked by electroshock. Only in the case of Primidone, however, the anticonvulsant activity could not be re-established by increasing the dosage. Our investigations have shown that PCPA caused a strong inhibition of the conversion of Primidone to phenobarbital, both in vivo and in vitro.
Animals↗
The effect of chlorpromazine on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of phenobarbital in X-irradiated rats.
Male Wistar rats were irradiated with a single 600R dose of X-rays on the whole body. Chlorpromazine was given 30 min before phenobarbital. Phenobarbital sleeping time was prolonged by chlorpromazine both in irradiated and non-irradiated rats. On the 3rd day after irradiation the prolongation of the phenobarbital sleep by chlorpromazine was more marked than on the 6th day. No correlation between the pharmacodynamic action of phenobarbital and its cerebral level was noted.
Animals↗
Development of tolerance to benzodiazepines. II. Baclofen effect on the activity of rats during tolerance to the sedative action of nitrazepam and oxazepam.
It was demonstrated that baclofen, a GABA-ergic agent, exerted a sedative effect in rats with tolerance to the sedative action of oxazepam and nitrazepam induced by administration of these drugs during several weeks. After one dose baclofen alone reduced the motor activity of rats without potentiating the effects of benzodiazepines. During long-term administration of baclofen tolerance developed also to its sedative action.
Animals↗
[Occurrence of HB-s antigens and antiHB-s antibodies in blood donors at the Gdańsk Blood Transfusion Center].
The blood of 39 005 blood donors was examined, during a period of three years, for HBs antigen and anti-HBs antibodies. HBs antibodies, was found in the blood of 476 donors (1,22%) whereas anti-HBs antibodies were found in 109 cases (0,28%); The results obtained suggest that HBs antigen occurs with higher frequency among young donors, as well as among inhabitants of towns. No correlation of HBs antigen occurrence with sex or with ABO blood groups was found.
Adolescent↗
[Characteristics of anti-Coa antibodies of the Colton blood group system and their significance in hemotherapy].
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Aged↗
[Resocialization of the disabled with visual loss (author's transl)].
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Adult↗
Tolerance to a new class of non-benzodiazepine anxiolytics.
The development of tolerance to the pharmacodynamic effects of azopirone (buspirone) and imidazopyridines (alpidem and zolpidem) was investigated. It was found that tolerance to the anxiolytic effect of buspirone develops only after 42 days of administration (twice daily). Of the imidazopyridines alpidem showed an anxiolytic activity, while after zolpidem only a sedative activity was seen. No tolerance to the anxiolytic and sedative activity of the evaluated imidazopyridines could be detected. On the other hand tolerance appeared in the conditioned avoidance response test (evaluating learning and memory).
Animals↗
Effect of thymoanaleptic agents on the course of experimental arterial hypertension and catecholamine content in tissues and urine.
Experimental hypertension was induced in rats by two methods. In the course of hypertension development the rats of experimental groups were treated with following tricyclic antidepressive agents: Imipramine, Opipramol, Amitriptylline and Nortriptylline injected in doses of 5.0 or 0.5 mg per 1 kg of body weight. Higher doses of the above drugs inhibited the development of hypertension, whereas the lower doses had no effect on arterial blood pressure.
Animals↗
Anxiolytic and memory improving activity of fluoxetine.
The anxiolytic and memory improving effects of fluoxetine, a new antidepressant drug, were investigated in rats. Anxiolytic activity was examined using Crowley's "two compartment exploratory test". Memory was assayed in the response passive avoidance test (RPAT) and labyrinth test. Wistar rats were used in all experiments. They were given fluoxetine hydrochloride (5 mg/kg po) and scopolamine hydrobromide at the dose of 0.5 mg/kg, sc. It was found that the drug has a high anxiolytic activity after the first administration. Thereafter however, the anxiolytic effect gradually decreased and 28 days later it was no longer present. In memory testing experiments (RPAT and labyrinth test) fluoxetine improved the performance of memory task and up to 14 days there were no signs of tolerance development. The authors discuss the possibility of involvement of the anxiolytic and memory improving effects of fluoxetine in the antidepressant action of the drug.
Animals↗
Role of serotoninergic and adrenergic mechanisms in the action of prominal.
The aim of this work was determination of the interrelations between the metabolism of biogenic amines in the brain and the action of Prominal. The power of the anticonvulsive action of Prominal was decreased by p-chlorphenylalanine (PCPA). The influence of the tested anticonvulsant on the levels of noradrenaline (NA), dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and on serotonin turnover was investigated and a correlation was found between the anticonvulsive action of Prominal and its effect on the serotonin level. Prominal increased serotonin synthesis and turnover in the brain. It may be supposed that the anticonvulsive action of Prominal is connected with its effect of serotonin metabolism in the central nervous system.
Animals↗
Pharmacological aspects of withdrawal from certain benzodiazepines.
The aim of the study was to investigate, if the occurrence of benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome is connected with benzodiazepine receptors, their down-regulation as well as with the number of drug applications. The results showed that symptoms of withdrawal measured by the anxiolytic and sedative effects occurred after chronic treatment with alprazolam for 14-21 days and after chlordiazepoxide daily administration for 35 days, and in both cases, after 48-hour abstinence period. In the same experimental design Ro 15-1788 administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg i.p. 25 min prior to examination prevented the development of the anxiogenic and locomotor stimulating withdrawal response in these rats. The symptoms of withdrawal measured by the sedative and anxiolytic effects were accompanied by a down-regulation of benzodiazepine receptors. It can be assumed that the process of withdrawal from benzodiazepines is related to benzodiazepine receptors, and that the number of drug applications plays an important role.
Animals↗