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Biomedical subjects

E Newman

Publications and source records attributed to E Newman.

90 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1972

Contraction in stentor coeruleus: a cinematic analysis.

The convoluted M bands of the protozoan Stentor coeruleus straighten before the animal contracts. Mechanical stimulation initiates contraction locally, and then contraction spreads over the animal with a propagation velocity of 5 to 25 centimeters per second. The contractile wave may spread in both anterior and posterior directions. Electrical stimulation initiates contraction in all areas of Stentor simultaneously.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessing the ethical costs and benefits of trauma-focused research.

Although scientists and members of Institutional Review Boards must balance the needs of investigators and participants in research, virtually no evidence is available to inform this decision making. This study examines the frequency and correlates of adverse reactions and adequacy of informed consent among 1174 women in an HMO who completed a trauma-focused health survey, and a subset of 252 women who later completed a trauma-focused research interview. Despite the sensitive content, the majority of women participants found participation in the interview and the questionnaire study to be a positive experience. Although a small number of women, particularly those with a history of maltreatment, underestimated the level of upset they would subsequently experience, the majority still did not regret participating, indicating that informed consent procedures were adequate, with a large proportion reporting immediate perceptions of personal gain. Finally, the cost-benefit ratio appears stable 48 hours post-interview, with some minor fluctuations. Overall, these results suggest that research on childhood victimization is well tolerated by women who participate. Though a small number of women may be disturbed by these investigations, in general, adverse reactions appear less common than previously anticipated.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Social support in worksite smoking cessation: qualitative analysis of the EASE project.

PURPOSE: Mobilize and study social support in EASE, a worksite smoking cessation program. DESIGN: Qualitative study of social support in two pilot and two test worksites. SETTING: Collaboration with American Lung Association of eastern Missouri to implement program in 12 companies between 1982 and 1985. SUBJECTS: Ninety-eight participants in cessation clinics at pilot and test sites and 350 randomly sampled respondents from among all 877 employees at test sites. INTERVENTION: Steering committees included representatives of management and line employees and tailored the program from plans and materials for program promotion, self-help manuals, and a standard curriculum for a Group Comprehensive Clinic. MEASURES: Implementation and participation from project records. Outcomes and perceptions of social support from surveys of employees. RESULTS: Twelve to 24 months after program initiation, smoking cessation among active participants ranged from 21% to 41%. Consistent with emphasis on promoting support for quitting throughout the worksite, 10% to 25% of nonparticipants were abstinent at follow-ups, exceeding national base rates. Surveys indicated greater importance of social support than of program's procedures or materials and greater benefits of social ties to nonsmokers than to others attempting to quit. Differences among companies in both reported social support for nonsmoking and cessation rates paralleled differences in Steering Committees' activities and organizational support for the program. CONCLUSION: Though limited by lack of experimental controls, this qualitative study of active program participants as well as random samples of all employees indicates social support can be a strength of worksite smoking cessation programs.

Forecasting↗