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Biomedical subjects

E N Semenkova

Publications and source records attributed to E N Semenkova.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[The peculiarities of renal lesion in nodular polyarteritis].

Analysis of the medical records of 122 patients with nodular polyarteritis showed that the most frequent visceral manifestations were renal (93.4%), cardial (72%), and gastrointestinal (57.4%) ones. Central nervous system (CNS), pulmonary, and peripheral arterial lesions were less frequent (36.8%, 17.2%, and 6.6%, respectively). Renal lesions were manifested by arterial hypertension (AH) in 107 patients, urinary syndrome in 97, nephrotic syndrome in 7, and rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis in 5 patients. Monofactor analysis revealed the following predictors of poor prognosis: malignant AH, nephrotic proteinuria, male sex, body mass reduction, intestinal ulcers, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, CNS lesion, heart failure, and pulmonary lesion. The relative risk of lethal outcome was the highest in nephrotic proteinuria (3.5) and malignant AH (2.9). In 56% of cases death was caused by cardiovascular complications, in 18%--chronic renal failure, in 11%--abdominal complications.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed2004

[Clinical aspects of hypereosinophilia syndrome].

To assess clinical peculiarities of hypereosinophilia (HEP), determine approaches to treatment and differential diagnosis of the disease, we examined 115 patients in 1969-2002. We made clinical, laboratory and virusological tests with detection of markers of hepatitis B and C viruses, biopsy of the liver (n = 3), on demand echocardiography, indirect immunofluoresence and enzyme immunoassay of the serum for antibodies to neutrophil cytoplasm in some patients. We grouped patients by the presence of Churg-Strauss syndrome (n = 70), an asthmatic variant of nodular polyarteritis (n = 22), hypereosinophilic syndrome (Loffler 11, n = 15) and eosinophilic pulmonary infiltrates (n = 8). Asthmatic nodular polyarteritis was characterized by high arterial hypertension, frequent finding of HBV, aneurysms and infarctions of the viscera. Bronchial asthma and medicines intolerance were absent, though cardiac failure and other cardiac pathology is frequent. Thus, definition of 4 clinical groups of patients with HEP allows a differential approach to the disease treatment and prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Clinical and prognostic value of lesions in the gastrointestinal tract in systemic vascular purpura].

AIM: To evaluate clinical peculiarities and prognostic value of abdominal syndrome in adult patients with systemic vascular purpura (SVP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Incidence, clinical picture, complications of abdominal syndrome, its relations with principal extraintestinal manifestations of SVP were studied in 125 SVP patients. Absorption and barrier functions of the small intestine, their correlations with clinical activity of the disease were investigated in 32 SVP patients with no clinical signs of intestinal affection. Computer-assisted morphometry of duodenal mucosa biopsies was conducted and the results were compared to those of intestinal permiability and clinical activity of SVP. RESULTS: Negative correlation was found between the occurrence of abdominal syndrome and the patients' age. The gastrointestinal tract suffered more frequently in men. 21% patients had abdominal complications, association of abdominal syndrome with higher frequency of glomerulonephritis. In the absence of abdominal symptoms, the barrier function of the small intestine for protein macromolecules was impaired. This correlated with exacerbations of skin purpura. Increased intestinal permeability and activity of skin purpura correlated with severity of inflammation in the duodenal mucosa. CONCLUSION: Abdominal syndrome in SVP is an unfavourable prognostic factor indicating possible severe complications and high risk of glomerulonephritis. Subclinical intestinal involvement presenting as barrier dysfunction may contribute to aggravation of skin vasculitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Abdominal emergencies in systemic vasculitis].

Abdominal lesions are characterized in a patient with acute vascular purpura and a patient with polyarteritis. The former patient developed obturation ileus of the small intestine, the latter--necrosis and multiple intestinal and gall bladder perforation with subsequent peritonitis. In both cases the abdominal syndrome was manifestation of the basic disease. Surgical treatment saved life of the patients. Stable remission was achieved after long-term medication.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Systemic vascular purpura: clinical etiological variants].

Systemic vascular purpura (SVP) represents angiites, heterogeneous by etiology and pathogenesis. Their pathogenetic classification does not fully reflect the clinical picture, course, and prognosis. The authors suggest a clinical etiological approach to differential diagnosis of SVP. With this aim in view they examined 82 patients with SVP hospitalized at Clinic of Therapy and Occupational Diseases of I. M. Setchenov Moscow Medical Academy in 1993-1996. Etiologically-associated differences in clinical manifestations of SVP were detected and clinical etiological variants of disease were distinguished. Endotoxemia was found to be often associated with purpura of different etiology, which can be regarded as a stage in the pathogenesis. The data allow creation of a clinical etiological classification of SVP and development of new therapeutic approaches.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Extrahepatic manifestations of chronic hepatitis C].

AIM: To study incidence, special features and mechanisms underlying onset of extrahepatic lesions in HCV-infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Extrahepatic symptoms of chronic hepatitis C and its outcome--hepatic cirrhosis were studied in 157 patients. HCV-infection was confirmed by ELISA II and polymerase chain reaction (detection in the serum of anti-HCV and HCVRNA, respectively). Morphological studies of the liver were made in 134 patients, of other organs and tissues--in 20 patients. Immunological tests were made in 124 patients. Thyroid hormones, antibodies to thyroglobuline were measured with radioimmunoassay in 74 patients. RESULTS: Extrahepatic manifestations were found in 70(44.6%) patients with chronic hepatitis C (more frequently in hepatic cirrhosis), for the most part in women and in long-lasting disease. 54(43.5%) women had cryoglobulinemia, 27 of them showed it clinically. Patients with cryoglobulinemia and free of it exhibited varying frequency cutaneous vasculitis, Raynaud's syndrome, affection of the muscles and joints, nodular periartheritis, lesions of the lungs, myocarditis, autoimmune thyroiditis, Sjogren's syndrome, lichen ruber planus, porphyria cutanea tarda, immune cytopenia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, hypoplastic anemia, monoclonal immunoglobulinopathy, B-cell lymphoma. Of high frequency were activity of rheumatic factor (66.9%), hypocomplementemia (31.8%), antinuclear antibodies (9.8%) and other immunological disorders. CONCLUSION: Some extrahepatic lesions in HCV-infection are detailed: frequent mixed cryoglobulinemia and associated vasculitides of different sites, malignant lymphoproliferative diseases, more frequent than in HBV-infection involvement of the thyroid and salivary glands, some skin lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Clinical problems of nonspecific aortic arteritis].

AIM: The insight into the causes of late diagnosis and analysis of clinical variants of nonspecific aortic arteritis (NSAA) including rare forms--with involvement of the kidneys, intestine, lungs, heart. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Physical, laboratory and immunological tests, angiography, ultrasound dopplerography were employed in examination of 65 NSAA patients observed in 1955-1996. RESULTS: Accurate diagnosis of NSAA is made late (5 years from the first symptoms, on the average) when ischemic damage has become irreversible. The causes of such situation are outlined with special emphasis on NSAA variants running with affection of the lesser circulation vessels, coronary flow, kidneys (nephritis, amyloidosis), intestine (Crohn's disease, nonspecific ulcerative colitis). Men suffer more than women: they develop more frequently myocardial infarctions, thromboembolism. However, their arteries look better. Mechanisms of NSAA onset and progression may be related to defects in vascular endothelium, hyperproduction of antibodies to cardiolipin, antiendothelial antibodies. CONCLUSION: Management of NSAA meets with the problem of late diagnosis which means greater risk of severe vascular complications and deterioration of the prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Serum concentrations of neopterin, soluble interleukin 2 receptor, and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor in Wegener's granulomatosis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible relationship between serum levels of neopterin, soluble tumor necrosis factor-55 receptor (sTNF-55R), and soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL-2R) with disease activity in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis (WG). METHODS: Serum neopterin was measured by radioimmunoassay, sTNF-55R and sIL-2R were measured by ELISA in 26 patients with WG. RESULTS: Serum neopterin, sTNF-55R, and sIL-2R were significantly elevated in patients with generalized WG compared with healthy controls. Concentrations of the analytes correlated with disease activity indices in patients without infectious complications. The highest elevations of all 3 variables were observed in patients with intercurrent infections. CONCLUSION: The increased serum levels of neopterin, sTNF-55R, and sIL-2R suggest activation of cellular immunity in WG.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Clinical and pathogenetic aspects of kidney damage associated with neutrophilic cytoplasm antibodies].

A retrospective analysis of the authors' own findings and foreign authors' data has demonstrated that neutrophilic cytoplasm antibodies (NCAs) play a definite pathogenetic role in the activation of neutrophils, a central link in the pathogenesis of vascular wall damage in necrotizing vasculitides. The clinical value of NCAs varies with their specificity. Proteinase 3 antibodies whose detection allows one to suppose Wegener's granulomatosis are of greater diagnostic value. Myeloperoxidase antibodies are revealed in various necrotizing vasculitides and promptly progressive glomerulonephritis and more infrequently in other diseases. Thus, the detection of antibodies to proteinase-3 and myeloperoxidase in the presence of appropriate clinical signs is most likely to diagnose primary necrotizing vasculitis. The changes in the levels of NCA reflect the activity of a renal processes and the progression of the whole disease.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1995

[The current concepts of microscopic polyarteritis].

Clinical picture, morphological changes, immunological disorders confirm reality and nosological independence of MPA. A clear nosological differentiation of systemic vasculitis is important for decision on an individual choice of treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Interstitial lung diseases--the clinical aspects of the problem].

Upon analysis of 550 cases of different chronic diffuse pulmonary diseases included in a group of interstitial diseases of the lungs (IDL) the authors came to the conclusion that IDL incorporate such variants as alveolitis, pulmonary vasculitis and pulmonary hemorrhages; granulomatosis covers exogenic allergic alveolitis, alveolitis in chronic active hepatitis; vasculitis group includes such rare diseases as necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis vasculitis and lymphoid granulomatosis; fibrosing alveolitis--secondary alveolitis in sclerodermia systematica, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's disease, chronic active hepatitis. Knowledge of IDL etiology (environmental, occupational, induced by radionuclides, drugs, viruses, fungi) with focus on drug affection of the lungs is thought of value. Biopsy and bronchial lavage findings are compared clinically and morphologically. Mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis and approaches to inhibition of pulmonary fibrosis progression are outlined.

Adult↗