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Biomedical subjects

E Murphy

Publications and source records attributed to E Murphy.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Effect of combined 1% cyclopentolate-10% phenylephrine eye drops on systemic blood pressure of glaucoma patients.

Sixty-two patients with glaucoma had eye drops containing 1% cyclopentolate hydrochloride and 10% phenylephrine hydrochloride applied two or three times to one or usually both eyes to dilate their pupils as part of routine eye examinations. Systemic (brachial) blood pressure was monitored before and after drug application. Fifty of the patients had either no change in blood pressure or a decrease. Only two patients had a rise of 20 mm Hg or more in either systolic or diastolic blood pressure. In these two cases the increases were 34/4 and 22/20 mm Hg. Ten patients had an increase ranging from 10 to 20 mm Hg in either systolic or diastolic pressure. The results suggest that a clinically dangerous rise in systemic blood pressure from use of these drops is not common. However, to lessen the risk further, it seems advisable to use drops containing 10% phenylephrine only when lower concentrations are ineffective in dilating the pupils.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Depression and anxiety in the community: replicating the diagnosis of a case.

The diagnoses were reviewed of 866 women interviewed in 5 community surveys carried out by the Bedford College team. The diagnoses matched commonly held conceptions of who is a case in terms of both severity and type of syndrome. Two methods of replicating the diagnoses are prevented, one based on discriminant function analysis and the other based on a simple checklist.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1980

Kinetics and mechanisms of glutamate transport across the mitochondrial membrane.

The kinetics of glutamate influx and efflux on the glutamate-hydroxyl carrier have been measured and compared in rat liver mitochondria. At pH 7.4 and 25 degrees C, the Michaelis constants and V'max values were in agreement with the Haldane relationship when the alpha pH was accounted for. The Km values for glutamate influx and aspartate efflux on the glutamate-aspartate translocator are also reported. Extrapolation of the maximum velocities to 37 degrees and the intact liver provide values of 5.6 and 2.4 mmol/g dry wt/hr for glutamate influx and efflux, respectively, on the glutamate-aspartate translocator. Both translocators operate by a sequential mechanism with formation of a ternary complex. Their possible regulatory role in urea synthesis by liver is assessed.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Site-specific recombination between plasmids of Staphylococcus aureus.

Anomalous recombination between two similar but nonidentical, naturally occurring penicillinase plasmids, pI258 and pI524, leading to duplication and deletion of the beta-lactamase locus, is described. Physical mapping of these plasmids by heteroduplex and restriction analysis revealed that the beta-lactamase loci were homologous and in inverted orientation with respect to one another and that their respective locations were separated by a short region of homology. This intervening region of homology included one copy of a segment that was repeated on pI524 in inverted orientation at a distance of 2.2 kilobase pairs and contained a recognition sequence for a site-specific, rec-independent recombination function that caused reversible inversion of this segment on pI524. It is proposed that site-specific, intermolecular recombination involving this repeated sequence was responsible for the observed results.

DNA Restriction Enzymes↗
PubMed1980

Beneficial effects of hydralazine on rest and exercise hemodynamics in patients with chronic severe aortic insufficiency.

We studied the effects of afterload reduction in chronic severe aortic insufficiency by measuring the hemodynamic response to oral hydralazine in 10 consecutive patients. Hemodynamics were also measured during maximal exercise in eight of these patients. At rest, hydralazine reduced pulmonary artery wedge pressure from 14 to 9 mm Hg (p less than 0.01), and increased cardiac index by 70% and stroke volume index by 35% (both p less than 0.001). Before hydralazine, pulmonary artery wedge pressure exceeded 20 mm Hg in five patients during maximal exercise; with hydralazine, at identical levels of exercise, pulmonary artery wedge pressure remained below 20 mm Hg in all patients. For the group, hydralazine reduced pulmonary artery wedge pressure from 21 to 12 mm Hg (p less than 0.05) and increased cardiac index by 31% (p less than 0.05) during exercise; changes in stroke volume index were more variable and there was no significant increase for the group, although several patients increased stroke volume substantially and the overall increase was 34%. These data show that afterload reduction has beneficial effects on cardiac performance in chronic severe aortic insufficiency both at rest and during exercise. Hydralazine may be of use in such patients either in preparation for valve replacement or as interim therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Life events, psychiatric disturbance and physical illness.

The relationship between life events and the onset of organic physical illness has been studied in a group of women in the general population. The link between severe events and the onset of organic illness, which held only for women of 50 years or younger, was not a direct causal association but mediated by an intervening psychiatric disturbance of an affective kind, all occurring within a six month period. The findings are discussed in the light of the high psychiatric morbidity found in physically ill patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Radical hysterectomy: a critical review of twenty-two years' experience.

One hundred seventy-eight patients who had radical hysterectomy performed for management of invasive carcinoma of the cervix over 22 year period at the Medical University of South Carolina were critically analyzed. The degree of differentiation of the malignancy appeared to be of more significance than tumor size in Stage 1 lesions. With proper patient selection and excellent operative technique, survival rates well over 90% with minimal complications can be obtained. The radical hysterectomy should never be used in association with irradiation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Physical mapping of Staphylococcus aureus penicillinase plasmid pI524: characterization of an invertible region.

The staphylococcal penicillinase plasmid pI524 and a series of derivatives have been extensively mapped by restriction endonuclease digestion and by heteroduplex analysis. We report here the identification of a 2.2 kb region that undergoes a reversible, rec-independent inversion. This sequence is bounded by a pair of inverted repeats 650 base pairs in length, and has asymmetrically located recognition sites for at least three restriction endonucleases. A series of deleted derivatives and one naturally occurring, closely related plasmid, were studied. Two of these retain the inversion; the remainder are incapable of inverting and were all found to be locked in the same orientation of the inversion. The invertible sequence is adjacent to the region of the plasmid encoding beta-lactamase (bla); this entire region appears to be transposable and the inversion may be involved in the regulation of beta-lactamase expression or in translocation.

DNA Restriction Enzymes↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of media for dissemination of information about cancer in rural communities.

A study was done in Orangeburg County, South Carolina, to compare the effectiveness of the various mass media--television, radio, and newspaper--for the dissemination of educational material about cancer. Effectiveness of these media in reaching certain subpopulations defined by race, sex, income, and population density was also examined. The newspaper was found to be generally more effective than other media. This superiority held for almost all subpopulations. Furthermore, it was found that certain subpopulations differed from others in the extent to which they were reached by a particular medium.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Arousal, ventilatory, and airway responses to bronchopulmonary stimulation in sleeping dogs.

We studied waking, ventilatory, and reflex tracheal smooth muscle (TSM) responses to tracheobronchial irritation or lung inflation in three sleeping dogs. The dogs breathed through a cuffed endotracheal tube, and airflow was measured with a pneumotachograph. TSM tone was monitored directly by measuring pressure in the water-filled cuff of the endotracheal tube. Mild degrees of tracheobronchia irritation, produced by squirting 0.1--1.0 ml of water into the lower trachea, or by having the dogs inhale one breath of acetic acid vapor (concentration 17 ppm), generally caused arousal from slow-wave sleep (SWS), but not from rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. During wakefulness the irritant stimuli caused coughing and TSM constriction; during SWS or REM sleep, these responses occurred only if the stimulus first produced arousal. In contrast, stimulation of pulmonary stretch receptors by lung inflation did not cause arousal, but readily produced apnea and TSM relaxation during SWS. The results indicate that cough and airway smooth muscle constriction in response to bronchopulmonary irritant stimuli do not occur in the absence of arousal, and that arousal responses to such stimuli are depressed in REM sleep.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Ventilatory responses to CO2 and lung inflation in tonic versus phasic REM sleep.

Ventilatory responses to CO2 and to lung inflation were compared in four dogs during tonic and phasic segments of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. Phasic REM sleep (P-REM) was identified by the presence of bursts of rapid eye movements, visible muscle twitchings, and frequent phasic discharges in the nuchal electromyogram. These features were absent during tonic REM sleep (T-REM). During P-REM the response of minute volume of ventilation (VI) to progressive hypercapnia (0.58 +/- 0.19 (l/min)/Torr, mean +/- SE) was significantly less than in slow-wave sleep (SWS) (1.40 +/- 0.14; P less than 0.05). In contrast, during T-REM the response (1.48 +/- 0.19) was similar to that in SWS. Similarly, during P-REM the duration of apnea (5.9 +/- 1.5 s) elicited by sustained inflation of the lungs with 1.0 liter of air, was significantly shorter than in SWS (25.8 +/- 0.8); in contrast, during T-REM the duration of apnea (17.8 +/- 3.6) was similar to that in SWS. The results indicate that previously described decreases in VI responses to CO2 and apneic responses to lung inflation during P-REM, compared to SWS, are related to the phasic phenomena of REM sleep, rather than to the REM sleep state per se.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Prospective evaluation of intrahisian conduction delay.

We prospectively evaluated 46 patients who had intrahisian conduction delay. Twenty-three had a split His potential and 23 had a prolonged HV interval with a normal QRS complex. In those with a split His, the interval between the two His potentials averaged 32.7 msec (range 9--90 msec); in nine patients this split His was demonstrated only by atrial pacing. The 20 patients from this group with 1:1 atrioventricular conduction have been followed for an average of 18.1 months (range 2--48 months). All are alive. Three have had syncope, but Holter monitoring revealed no bradyarrhythmias. In the 23 patients with a narrow QRS and prolonged HV interval, the HV interval averaged 73.7 msec (range 57--180 msec). Twelve of these patients received pacemakers at the time of the His bundle study, six had symptomatic atrioventricular block and five had symptomatic sinus pauses. The 11 patients who did not receive pacemakers have been followed for an average of 15.1 months (range 2--44 months). In three with recurrent syncope and five with dizziness, monitoring has revealed no bradyarrhythmias. One patient died from a myocardial infarction without arrhythmias. Further prospective evaluation of patients with intrahisian conduction delay without documented bradyarrhythmias is needed, but with follow-up averaging 17 months and up to 4 years, patients with intrahisian conduction delay and without documented bradyarrhythmias appear not to require prophylactic permanent pacemakers to decrease morbidity or mortality.

Adult↗