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Biomedical subjects

E Moro

Publications and source records attributed to E Moro.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Pharmacokinetic study of intravenous and oral idarubicin in cancer patients.

Idarubicin (4-demethoxydaunorubicin) is a new anthracycline analogue which lacks the methoxyl group at the C-4 position of the aglycone moiety. The present study was undertaken to investigate the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of idarubicin in man. The drug was administered at 3-week intervals to six patients by both intravenous and oral routes. Doses used were 13-15 mg/m2 intravenous and 45 mg/m2 p.o. Plasma levels of unchanged idarubicin and of its metabolite idarubicinal were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). After intravenous administration the plasma levels of the unchanged drug declined very rapidly reaching the sensitivity limits of the analytical method (1-2 ng/ml) 24 h after dosing. Plasma levels of idarubicinal reached a peak of about 10 ng/ml within two hours then decreased very slowly with a plasma t1/2 of about 2.5 days. After the oral dose of 45 mg/m2, the plasma level patterns of both parent compound and the idarubicinal were roughly similar to those after 15 mg/m2 intravenous except for the obvious difference linked to the absorption of idarubicin. The absorption of oral idarubicin was rapid and, in terms of area under curve of the metabolite, the availability after oral administration can be estimated as about 30% of the dose. The urine findings reflected the plasma situation. The metabolite levels were much higher and longer lasting than those of the parent compound. Urinary recovery after intravenous (16% of the dose in four days) and oral administration (approximately 5% of the dose) confirmed the 30% absorption estimated on the basis of plasma levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

[Isolated tricuspid valve prolapse: identification using 2-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography].

Echocardiography has been already applied in previous studies to identify tricuspid valve prolapse. However this anomaly has been found more frequently to be associated with mitral valve prolapse or with other cardiac and lung diseases. Isolated primitive tricuspid prolapse appears in fact a relatively unknown anatomo-clinical entity. In this paper we describe the two-dimensional and Doppler findings of three patients with isolated tricuspid prolapse. Two-dimensional echocardiography is the appropriate technique for its detection and allows the assessment of the echogenic characteristics of the valve texture.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Determination of the transvalvular gradient using continuous wave Doppler in patients with mitral stenosis. Correlation with the hemodynamic method].

In order to assess the reliability of Doppler echocardiography in the determination of mean mitral gradient 38 consecutive patients (pts) affected by rheumatic mitral valve stenosis (MS) were analyzed by continuous wave Doppler echocardiography (CWD). Cardiac catheterization (CATH) was performed within 24 hours from echocardiographic examination. The mean diastolic mitral gradient (MG) at CATH was calculated by planimetry from simultaneously recorded left ventricular and pulmonary artery wedge pressure. The maximal velocity profile through the mitral valve was used to calculate pressure gradient by CWD. A mean mitral gradient was calculated for each patient by the planimetered velocity profile throughout diastole. MG determined by CATH ranged from 6 to 31 mmHg (mean 15.2 +/- 6.0); MG determined by CWD ranged from 4 to 18 mmHg (mean 10 +/- 3.7). The correlation between CWD and CATH by linear regression analysis was: y = 0.53 X + 1.8; r = 0.85; p less than 0.001. Mean % error of CWD in the assessment of MG was 34.7%. In conclusion this study indicates that CWD seems systematically underestimate MG with respect to CATH. The identification of CWD flow tracings "optimal" for analysis could not represent the maximal velocity of transmitral jet, which is a complex three dimensional entity. In addition non-simultaneous determinations of gradient and day-to-day variations in cardiac output may account for discrepancies between CWD and CATH measurements.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Doppler and two-dimensional echocardiographic observations of systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve in d-transposition of the great arteries: an explanation of the left ventricular outflow tract gradient.

Echocardiographic demonstration of systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve was seen in a 17 year old patient after the Mustard operation for d-transposition of the great arteries with intact ventricular septum. An increased flow velocity was measured by continuous wave Doppler echocardiography in the left ventricular outflow tract corresponding to an estimated peak gradient of 46 mm Hg. The presence of such a gradient had been shown earlier by the postoperative cardiac catheterization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Determination of stenotic mitral valve area using Doppler echocardiography. A comparison with hemodynamic studies].

In order to assess the reliability of Doppler echocardiography in the determination of mitral valve area (MVA) 21 consecutive patients (pts) affected by rheumatic disease and mitral valve stenosis (MS) were analyzed by continuous wave doppler echocardiography (CWD). Cardiac catheterization (cath) was performed within 24 hours from echocardiographic examination. MVA by CWD was calculated with a computerized system from the "pressure half-time" (T1/2) using the equation: 220/T1/2 in cm2. MVA was calculated from cath data by applying the modified Gorlin formula. MVA determined by CWD ranged from 0.9 to 2.8 cm2 (mean 1.39 +/- 0.55). MVA determined by Gorlin formula ranged from 0.5 to 2.8 cm2 (mean 1.31 +/- 0.63). The correlation between CWD and cath was good (r = 0.93, SEE = 0.19 cm2, P less than 0.001). In conclusion this study indicates that CWD is quite accurate in estimation of MVA and can reliably discriminate the "critical" size of the orifice. CWD has the advantage of allowing MVA determination in patients with associated mitral regurgitation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, somatostatin-, and calcitonin-producing adrenal pheochromocytoma associated with the watery diarrhea (WDHH) syndrome. First case report with immunohistochemical findings.

A 30-year-old man presenting with watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, and hypochlorhydria (Verner-Morrison syndrome, WDHH syndrome) had raised plasma levels of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), somatostatin (SRIF), calcitonin, and gastrin, as well as high urinary excretion of vanillylmandelic acid. A right adrenal pheochromocytoma was found and excised. The neoplastic cell population was immunohistochemically shown to contain VIP, SRIF, and calcitonin. Gross, histologic, and immunohistochemical evaluation of the pancreas revealed no abnormalities, whereas a marked hyperplasia of the gastrin-producing cells of the gastric antral mucosa was demonstrated. Postoperatively, the patient recovered from his symptoms and the plasma hormone levels returned to normal values. The clinical and histogenetic implications of this most unusual tumor of neural crest derivatives are discussed.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1984

Pharmacokinetics of the enantiomers of indoprofen in man.

Indoprofen, a non-steroidal analgesic and antiinflammatory drug whose activity and safety in man have been established in a large number of studies, has an asymmetric carbon atom and can therefore occur as either the (+) or the (-) enantiomer. As it has been shown that its pharmacological effects are almost entirely due to the (+) isomer (d-indoprofen), some pharmacokinetic properties of the latter have been studied in man in comparison with the racemic mixture given by oral administration, d-indoprofen is cleared from plasma and excreted in urine (as unchanged plus conjugated drug) at a slower rate than l-indoprofen. Moreover, no stereospecific inversion of d-indoprofen to the inactive enantiomer occurs after either single or repeated (one week) administration. The pharmacokinetic behaviour of d-indoprofen in the human organism appears to be the same after administration of the racemic form or of the dextro-enantiomer, when the latter is given at half the dose.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

[Anomalous chordae tendineae of the left ventricle. Echocardiographic study].

Left ventricular false tendons (or anomalous bands) have been described in several anatomic studies. Recently the echocardiographic features of such false tendons have been reported also. We have found a prevalence of 36 cases in 1,600 consecutive patients examined (2.2%). False tendons represent a rather common and benign phenomenon. Echocardiography is the most useful tool in the detection of false tendons.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Cross-over study of pharmacokinetics and haematological toxicity of 4'-epi-doxorubicin and doxorubicin in cancer patients.

Eight cancer patients were given 4'-epi-DX and DX (70 mg/m2) by i.v. route at three-week intervals according to a randomized cross-over design. Blood samples were drawn at different intervals of time after each drug administration and plasma levels of the unchanged drugs and of their main metabolites were determined by HPLC. 4'-epi-DX gave plasma levels constantly lower than those observed after DX; the pharmacokinetic study showed that 4'-epi-DX was eliminated from the body more rapidly (t1/2 30 hours as compared with 43 hours). The 13-dihydroderivatives of both drugs behaved in much the same way as the unchanged drugs; in fact the AUC values were lower for 13-OH 4'-epi-DX than for 13-OH DX. The cross-over design gave statistical confirmation of the lower haematological toxicity of 4'-epi-DX in comparison to DX. The reduced toxicity of 4'-epi-DX with respect to DX may be related to its pharmacokinetic behaviour.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

High-performance liquid chromatographic method for pharmacokinetic studies on the new anthracycline 4-demethoxydaunorubicin and its 13-dihydro derivative.

The anthracyclines are a group of antitumoral antibiotics with significant clinical efficacy. Among the new anthracycline derivatives, 4-demethoxydaunorubicin showed interesting biological properties in terms of both spectrum of activity and therapeutic index and was recently introduced in clinical trials. The present paper describes the analytical method developed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of this derivative. The method consists of the extraction of 4-demethoxydaunorubicin and its 13-dihydro metabolite from plasma with chloroform--1-heptanol (9:1) and re-extraction with 0.3 M phosphoric acid, separation by high-performance liquid chromatography and quantification by sensitive fluorescence detection. Plasma level curves obtained from cancer patients treated with the drug are shown.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of metergoline in healthy volunteers after single i.v. and oral administration.

Concentrations of unchanged metergoline and its main metabolite, 1-demethylmetergoline, were measured by HPLC and fluorescence detector in the plasma of 13 healthy male volunteers. The subjects received on various occasions the following single-dose metergoline treatments: 4 mg by i.v. infusion (n = 7), 8 mg orally as aqueous solution (n = 7) and 8 mg orally as two different formulations of film-coated tablets (Formulation A, n = 12; Formulation B, n = 12). The mean plasma t 1/2 of metergoline and of 1-demethylmetergoline were about 50 min and 100 min, respectively, independent of the route of administration. A considerable first-pass effect was evident from the data, with about 75% of metergoline being metabolized by the liver before reaching the systemic circulation. However, the availability of the drug in terms of 1-demethylmetergoline was similar for the i.v. and oral routes of administration indicating a complete absorption of the solution from the gastrointestinal tract. Very low plasma levels of another metabolite (12-hydroxymetergoline) were detected in some patients. The bioavailability of film-coated tablets in Formulation B was slightly better than for Formulation A with regard to both relative absorption (A vs B = 82%) and lower interpatient variation. Compared with oral solution, the absorption of Formulation B was slightly slower but practically complete.

Administration, Oral↗