A novel nonsense mutation in the HMG box of the SRY gene in a patient with XY sex reversal.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
E Mori
Publications and source records attributed to E Mori.
MRI volumetry of medial temporal lobe structures in amnesia following herpes simplex encephalitis.
Using a magnetic resonance imaging-based volumetry, we quantified the volumes of the hippocampal formation (HF), parahippocampal gyrus (PHG), amygdaloid body (AMB), and anterior temporal neocortex (ATN) in 5 post-herpes simplex encephalitic (post-HSE) patients with temporal lobe damage and memory impairment at 12-52 months after the onset, and in 10 age-matched control subjects. In the post-HSE patients, the HF (p < 0.001) and PHG (p < 0.005) were significantly atrophic, while the AMB (p = 0.155) and ATN (p = 0.102) were smaller but not significantly. Performances on the verbal learning memory tests correlated highly with the HF volume, and length of dense retrograde amnesia with the PHG atrophy. Two patients with severe lasting amnesia had a marked atrophy of the HF and PHG, while 3 patients with good recovery from initial amnesia had temporal lobe structures larger than 50% of the control mean volumes. These results suggest that anterograde and retrograde memory functions involve different neural structures; the former is related to the HF and the latter to the PHG. For producing lasting amnesia, either severe HF damage or a combined damage of the HF and PHG might be necessary.
Acyclovir↗
P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression after focal brain ischemia and reperfusion.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Polymorphonuclear leukocytes have been implicated in the development of the "no-reflow" phenomenon after focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. To further understand the role of granulocytes in microvascular occlusions, the responses of the granulocyte-endothelial cell adhesion molecules P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 during middle cerebral artery ischemia and reperfusion were examined in a primate model. METHODS: Twelve adolescent male baboons were used for 2-hour middle cerebral artery occlusion (n = 3) or for 3-hour occlusion with 1-hour (n = 3), 4-hour (n = 3), and 24-hour (n = 3) reperfusion, and three separate unoperated primates served as controls. A quantitative immunohistochemical study of the microvascular distribution of P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 was performed using 10-microns frozen sections from basal ganglia analyzed with computerized light microscopy video imaging. RESULTS: Significant (P < .05) persistent upregulation of P-selectin (beginning during ischemia) and transient upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (at 1 and 4 hours of reperfusion) were observed on endothelium of selected post-capillary microvessels of the ischemic lenticulostriate artery territory. Platelet accumulation also occurred in this territory and was responsible for a significant proportion of the nonendothelial P-selectin signal at 24 hours after reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS: Focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion stimulates endothelial P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in brain microvessels in the ischemic zone, which may contribute to enhanced leukocyte adherence and persistent activation.
Animals↗
Isolation and characterization of linear plasmids from lankacidin-producing Streptomyces species.
Streptomyces rochei 7434AN4, a producer of lankacidin and lankamycin contains three large linear plasmids, pSLA2-L (200 kb), M (100 kb), and S (17 kb). Studies on the mutants of 7434AN4 having a different plasmid profile showed a parallel relationship between the presence of pSLA2-L and the production of both lankacidin and lankamycin. When pSLA2-L was transferred by protoplast fusion to S. rochei 2-39, a non-antibiotic-producing mutant of 7434AN4 which contained no detectable plasmid, the fusants gained the capacity to produce both antibiotics. From the physical maps of pSLA2-L and pSLA2-L1, a deletion plasmid (160 kb) of pSLA2-L, the latter plasmid was determined to contain a symmetrical linear repeat composed of the right 80-kb part of pSLA2-L. Four other lankacidin-producing Streptomyces strains were also found to have distinctive large linear plasmids which hybridized with the pSLA2-L probe. These results support the involvement of pSLA2-L in the production of lankacidin and lankamycin in S. rochei 7434AN4.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Purification and characterization of a 38-kDa protein, sp38, with zona pellucida-binding property from porcine epididymal sperm.
A 38-kDa protein, sp38, was purified from the detergent extract of porcine epididymal sperm. Sp38 showed zona pellucida-binding properties similar to those of proacrosin. These two proteins specifically bound to the 90-kDa glycoprotein form of the zona pellucida components in a calcium-dependent manner. The binding of sp38 to the zona pellucida glycoprotein was inhibited by proacrosin. These findings suggest that the two proteins competitively interact with the zona pellucida during the early stage of fertilization.
Acrosin↗
Cocaine-like discriminative stimulus properties of the delta-selective opioid receptor agonist, [D-Pen2,L-Pen5]enkephalin, in the rat.
The delta-selective opioid receptor agonist, [D-Pen2,L-Pen5]enkephalin (DPLPE) (10 micrograms i.c.v.), fully generalized to cocaine cue in the rat trained to discriminate 10 mg/kg of cocaine from vehicle. The cocaine-like discriminative stimulus effects of DPLPE were almost completely reversed by naltrindole (56 micrograms i.c.v.), a delta-selective opioid receptor antagonist. In contrast, the mu-selective opioid receptor agonist [D-Ala2,NMePhe4,Gly-ol]enkephalin (DAMGO) (0.03-0.3 micrograms i.c.v.) failed to generalize to cocaine cue. These results suggest that the discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine are mediated through the activation of delta-opioid receptors.
Animals↗
Discriminative stimulus properties of cocaine in the rat using a two-choice discrete-trial avoidance paradigm.
The discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine were studied in rats trained to discriminate 10.0 mg/kg cocaine from vehicle in a shock avoidance paradigm. Rats used could discriminate 10.0 mg/kg cocaine from vehicle within an average of 20 sessions after the start of discrimination training. Cocaine produced dose-dependent stimulus effects at 1.0- to 10.0-mg/kg doses. Cocaine (10.0 mg/kg) generalized to the dopamine reuptake inhibitor 1-[2-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyoxy]ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperaz ine 2HCl (GBR 12909) (30.0 mg/kg), methamphetamine (0.3 mg/kg), apomorphine (0.3 mg/kg), and the D2 dopamine agonist quinpirole (0.1 mg/kg), but not to the D1 dopamine agonist SK&F38393 (3.0-30.0 mg/kg). 1-Phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-[1H]-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol HCl (SK&F38393) (10.0 mg/kg) combined with several doses (1.0-10.0 mg/kg) of cocaine shifted the stimulus generalization curve for cocaine to the left. Haloperidol (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg), the D1 dopamine antagonist 7-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-methyl-phenyl-1-H-benzazepine-7-ol maleate (SCH23390) (0.01-0.3 mg/kg), and the D2 dopamine antagonist S(-)-sulpiride (20.0 and 40.0 mg/kg) only partially blocked the stimulus effects of cocaine. Haloperidol (0.3 mg/kg) combined with SCH23390 (0.03 mg/kg) completely blocked the stimulus effects of cocaine. In addition, haloperidol (0.3 mg/kg) blocked the stimulus effects of quinpirole (0.1 mg/kg), in common with cocaine. These data suggest that both D1 and D2 dopamine receptors contribute to the discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine.
2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-ben↗
Excessive closure of the right eye: a new sign of infarction in the territory of the ipsilateral right middle cerebral artery.
In right middle cerebral territory infarction a new sign, excessive closure of the right eye ipsilateral to the lesion and mild closure of the left eye on command, was noted. The excessive ipsilateral eye closure was not observed on spontaneous eye closure.
Aged↗
Pure motor monoparesis due to intracerebral hemorrhage.
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Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
Tissue factor contributes to microvascular defects after focal cerebral ischemia.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Microvascular perfusion defects occur after occlusion and reperfusion of the middle cerebral artery in examples of focal cerebral ischemia. In addition to cellular (eg, polymorphonuclear leukocyte) contributors to the focal "no-reflow" phenomenon, activation of coagulation may also play a role. We have tested a potential role of tissue factor-mediated coagulation in the microvascular perfusion defects seen after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in a baboon model of reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion with the murine anti-tissue factor monoclonal antibody TF9-6B4. Tissue factor is the principal resident procoagulant substance in cerebral tissues and has a distinct perivascular distribution. METHODS: Microvascular patency in the basal ganglia after 3-hour middle cerebral artery occlusion and 1-hour reperfusion was quantified by computerized video imaging of carbon-tracer perfused tissues. Animals were randomized to receive intravenous TF9-6B4 (10 mg/kg) 10 minutes before middle cerebral artery occlusion (n = 6) or no treatment (n = 6) in an open study. RESULTS: In the control animals, a significant decrease in patency was confirmed in microvessels less than 30 microns in diameter. Infusion of TF9-6B4 before middle cerebral artery occlusion produced a stable maximal level of circulating antibody within 10 minutes, which lasted the duration of ischemia and reperfusion. An increase in reflow in microvessels of all size classes occurred after TF9-6B4 infusion, which was significant in those 7.5 to 30 microns (P = .038) and 30 to 50 microns (P = .013) in diameter. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that tissue factor-mediated events may also contribute to no-reflow in noncapillary microvessels after focal cerebral ischemia.
Animals↗
[Classification of lacunar stroke--subtypes and lesions].
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Cerebral Infarction↗
Thrombolytic intervention in acute thrombotic and embolic stroke.
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death in the industrial nations of the world. Up to now, there has been no therapeutic strategy available which has been proven by controlled clinical trials. In the majority of acute stroke patients acute thrombosis contributes to carotid and vertebrobasilar arterial occlusions. Therefore, significant interest has focused on the possible value of fibrinolytic therapy in acute stroke. The principal goal is the rapid lysis of occluding thrombus with a minimum risk of intracranial or systemic hemorrhage. Clinical investigations on thrombolysis in cerebrovascular ischemia included different plasminogen-activators such as urokinase, streptokinase, and tissue plasminogen activator, either given systemically or locally via an intraarterial catheter. The pivotal trials conducted so far have revealed a wide range of recanalization rates, an acceptable safety and, also, encouraging effects on neurologic outcome. Thrombolysis itself carries the risk of intracranial bleeding, a practical limitation of this approach in acute stroke. On the other hand, hemorrhagic infarction and parenchymatous hematoma are natural consequences of thromboembolic stroke, possibly as a result of persistent occlusion of an artery. Hemorrhage following thrombolysis seems to show the same features seen in untreated patients and with an incidence similar to that in untreated patients. Future developments in thrombolysis in acute stroke should include improved early recruitment of patients, evaluation of noninvasive techniques in the pretreatment assessment of patients, the evaluation of advanced invasive techniques for delivery of the thrombolytic agent and assessment of combined treatment strategies. Clinical studies evaluating these strategies are currently under way.
Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
[Quadricuspid aortic valve: a case report and the review of the literature].
We report a case of rare congenital anomaly of quadricuspid aortic valve and coexisting right coronary displacement. A 70-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for heart murmur and ECG abnormality. The trans-esophageal echocardiography and aortography showed moderate aortic stenosis and regurgitation. At the operation, a quadricuspid aortic valve with three equal cusps and one smaller cusp that showed marked calcification and displacement of right coronary orifice were noted. Successful aortic valve replacement and coronary artery bypass grafting were performed and postoperative course was uneventful.
Aged↗
Expression of the signal transducing regions of CD4-like and lck genes in murine egg.
We previously demonstrated that the MHC class II molecule on murine sperm and CD4-like molecule on the egg vitelline membrane are involved in fertilization. In this study, the RNA transcripts in murine eggs corresponding to parts of the CD4 gene and lck gene in thymocytes were demonstrated by means of the reverse transcriptase (RT)/polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by the sequencing of the PCR products. The deduced sequences potentially encode the amino acid sequence of the transmembrane to the cytoplasmic domain of CD4 and that of the N-terminal domain of p56lck respectively. These findings indicate that a signal transducing complex similar to that in immune T cells is expressed at the transcriptional level in murine eggs.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Alterations in levels of plasma phenylalanine and its catabolism in the liver of stressed rats.
This study examined the relationship between elevation of blood phenylalanine (Phe) concentrations often observed in trauma or infected patients without hepatic dysfunction and alterations of liver Phe catabolism. Rats underwent pathophysiologically different stresses, either sepsis or scald injury. The catalytic activity of hepatic Phe hydroxylase (PH) in the septic rats, as measured after preincubation with Phe, decreased to 60% of the control values; this in vitro result suggests a reduction of enzyme species activated by its substrate. Phe was degraded in the septic rats to a similar extent to that in controls, when measured by pulse administration of [1-14C]-Phe. In the scalded rats whose plasma Phe level showed a comparable but transient increase, no significant alterations occurred in Phe catabolism and enzyme activities. The changes in plasma glucagon and catecholamine levels were consistent with those of the enzyme activities involved in Phe and tyrosine (Tyr) catabolism in the stressed groups. These results indicate that inadequate activation of native PH by regulatory mechanisms involving Phe in vivo was also associated with the accumulation of plasma Phe in infected rats during massive mobilization of amino acids from muscles under conditions of enhanced and sustained catabolism.
Animals↗
Isolated prolonged retrograde amnesia.
We describe a patient who had isolated retrograde amnesia of 1-year duration without anterograde amnesia after recovery from encephalitis. Single photon emission computed tomography using 123I-IMP revealed that left temporal lobe abnormality. We postulate that the learning ability for new information and recalling ability for old information involve different neural structures, and there is a possible relationship between isolated retrograde amnesia and left temporal dysfunction.
Adult↗
Inhibition of polymorphonuclear leukocyte adherence suppresses no-reflow after focal cerebral ischemia in baboons.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: While polymorphonuclear leukocytes may contribute to the "no-reflow" phenomenon after focal cardiac and skeletal muscle ischemia/reperfusion, their contribution to acute focal cerebral ischemia is unresolved. We have examined the role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in microvascular perfusion defects after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in a baboon model of reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion with the anti-CD18 monoclonal antibody IB4, which inhibits neutrophil adherence to endothelium. METHODS: Microvascular patency in the basal ganglia after 3-hour middle cerebral artery occlusion and 1-hour reperfusion (by india ink tracer perfusion) was quantified by computerized video imaging. Animals were randomized to receive intravenous IB4 infusion 15 minutes before reperfusion (n = 7) or to receive no treatment (n = 6). Binding of IB4 to baboon leukocytes was maximal within 5 minutes of infusion. RESULTS: In the untreated group, a significant reduction in patency was observed in microvessels less than 30 microns diameter: mean percent reflow was 51% in the capillary diameter class (4.0-7.5 microns) and 39% in the precapillary arteriole and postcapillary venule diameter class (7.5-30 microns). Infusion of IB4 before middle cerebral artery reperfusion increased reflow in microvessels of all size classes, most significantly in those 7.5-30 microns (p = 0.049) and 30-50 microns (p = 0.034) in diameter. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that CD18-mediated polymorphonuclear leukocyte-endothelium adherence contributes to no-reflow predominantly in noncapillary microvessels and at least partially to that in capillaries.
Animals↗
Intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in acute carotid artery territory stroke.
To determine the effect of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) on vascular and neurologic outcomes, we enrolled 31 patients with acute carotid artery-territory ischemic stroke within 6 hours from symptom onset in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. We gave either rt-PA (duteplase at the dose of 20 or 30 mega-international units [MIU]) or placebo intravenously for 60 minutes in patients randomly assigned to the three groups. A comparison between the baseline and postinfusion angiograms showed that complete or partial reperfusion occurred in 50% (5/10) of patients treated with 30 MIU rt-PA, 44% (4/9) of those treated with 20 MIU rt-PA, and 17% (2/12) in the control group. In patients with middle cerebral artery occlusions, reperfusion occurred in 71% (5/7) of the 30-MIU group, in 67% (4/6) of the 20-MIU group, and in 13% (1/8) of the control group. Patients treated with 30 MIU rt-PA showed a significantly early and better clinical improvement, as measured by the neurologic scale, than did those treated with placebo. Parenchymal hemorrhage occurred in one patient in each group, and frequency of clinically insignificant hemorrhagic infarction was comparable among the treatment groups. No major systemic complications occurred in any group. These results support the efficacy of intravenous infusion of rt-PA soon after the onset of stroke in producing rapid thrombolysis and neurologic recovery; it may be of particular value in patients with thromboembolic occlusion in the middle cerebral artery.
Acute Disease↗