Phobia after bilateral thalamic hemorrhage.
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Amantadine↗
Biomedical subjects
E Mori
Publications and source records attributed to E Mori.
Natural course of the functional and morphological changes in canine autogenous arterial graft.
BACKGROUND: We examined the time course of endothelium-dependent and -independent responses in reversed autogenous arterial grafts during regeneration and tissue repair processes after arterial grafting in dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Autogenous arterial grafts implanted in the canine femoral artery were removed, cut into rings and suspended in organ chambers for isometric tension recording on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th and 28th days after implantation. Electron-microscopic examination on the 1st, 3rd,7th, 14th and 28th days after transplantation was also performed. Control arteries were taken from nonsurgically treated femoral arteries. RESULTS: Acetylcholine (ACh) and A23187 caused endothelium-dependent relaxations in arterial grafts throughout the study. Although endothelium-dependent relaxations to ACh and A23187 on the 3rd day after transplantation were only significantly impaired compared to those of control, they were similar to the control within 1 week after grafting. Smooth muscle relaxations in response to sodium nitroprusside in arterial grafts throughout the study were comparable with those of control arteries. No apparent intimal thickening of the arterial grafts was observed. Electron microscopy scanning revealed mild endothelial cell damage in implanted autogenous arterial grafts on the 1st or 3rd day after grafting. Seven to 14 days after grafting, the endothelial cell layer appeared to be normal. CONCLUSIONS: It was observed that the endothelial function remained intact and there was an absence of intimal thickening in the arterial grafts. These observations may explain the improved patency of autogenous arterial grafts compared to the vein grafts in aortocoronary revascularization.
Animals↗
Efficacy of targeted screening for childhood hypercholesterolemia in Japan.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of targeted screening on the basis of the results from the universal screening of Japanese children. A total of 698 children consisting of 348 in the 3rd grade of elementary school (third graders) and 350 in the 3rd grade of junior high school (ninth graders) were enrolled in one local school district, during the period 1985 to 1998. When body mass index was used as the sole indicator, the sensitivity in detecting hypercholesterolemia was 14.3% in the case of third graders, and 14.7% in that of ninth graders. Family history was investigated through a questionnaire inquiring about the history of 6 atherosclerosis-related diseases in 6 relatives. The sensitivity on the basis of family history was calculated as 0% to 54.5%. According to the atherosclerotic index calculated from the measured levels of total and HDL cholesterol, sensitivity of abnormal levels of atherosclerotic index in children was almost the same as those of hypercholesterolemia. Using targeted screening, it was possible to detect only around half or less of the subjects with hypercholesterolemia. With respect to the sensitivity of the screening, universal screening is recommended for detecting hypercholesterolemia in Japanese children.
Adolescent↗
Active roles of caspase-3 in human gastric carcinoma cell death by apoptosis inducing nucleosides from CD57+HLA-DRbright natural suppressor cell line.
The six apoptosis inducing nucleosides (AINs), which were isolated by high performance liquid chromatography from CD57+HLA-DRbright natural suppressor (57.DR-NS) cell cultures, induced apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma (GCIY) cells demonstrating the accumulation of sub-G1 DNA content and morphological changes. By means of DNA unwinding assay, it has been revealed that DNA strand breaks were initially involved in the apoptotic cell death of GCIY cells treated with AINs followed by activation of caspase cascades, especially caspase-3. Actually, the cleavage of fluorogenic substrate for caspase-3 was identified in the reaction. Whereas, the addition of caspase-3 inhibitor into the reaction prevented the cleavage of fluorogenic substrate for caspase-3 and resulted in the blockage of the sub-G1 DNA accumulation and DNA fragmentation as apoptotic signals. Thus, it was definitely elucidated that the activation of caspase-3 displayed a key feature during AIN-induced apoptosis in GCIY cells.
Apoptosis↗
Human esophageal cancer cell death mediated by apoptosis-inducing nucleosides from CD57+HLA-DRbright natural suppressor cell line.
We approached the induction of apoptosis in human esophageal cancer cells (T.Tn) by apoptosis-inducing nucleosides (AINs) from CD57+HLA-DRbright-natural suppressor (57.DR-NS) cell line originated in decidua. The 57.DR-NS cells generated apoptosis in T.Tn cells by AINs released into the cultures. We isolated a series of AINs by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) from 57.DR-NS cell culture fluids. Each AIN and its mixture induced apoptotic cell death in T.Tn cells, detected by DNA fragmentation in agarose gels, terminal deoxynucleotide transferase mediated dUTP-nick end labeling (TUNEL) method and accumulation of sub-G1 DNA content with flow cytometry. Furthermore, we found the occurrence of DNA strand breaks followed by the activation of caspase-3 during AINs-induced apoptosis in T.Tn cells. Thus, we validated that AINs could induce apoptosis in T.Tn cells mediated through DNA strand breaks and activation of caspase-3.
Apoptosis↗
A novel stereoselective preparation of various vinyl sulfide derivatives using beta-alkylthioalkenylselenonium salts
The treatment of alkynylselenonium salt and various thiophenol derivatives with a catalytic amount of triethylamine gave beta-arylthioalkenylselenonium salts in good yields. The alkenylselenonium salts thus prepared reacted with nucleophiles such as acetylides, thiolates, and alkoxides to produce (Z)-beta-arylthio-alpha-functionalized ethenes in high yields. The vinylselenonium salts bearing a hydroxy group on a beta-side chain caused intramolecular cyclization upon treatment with sodium hydride to produce medium-membered heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur and oxygen atoms. The reactions giving (Z)-beta-arylthio-alpha-functionalized ethenes would proceed via the formation of selenurane intermediates followed by the ligand coupling reaction.
Journal Article↗
Urinary incontinence: an unrecognised adverse effect with donepezil.
Donepezil has been licensed for use in Japan to improve cognitive function since 1999. Among 94 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease who we treated with donepezil, seven patients developed urinary incontinence, although this event was transient in most patients.
Aged↗
Reduced voltage sensitivity of activation of P/Q-type Ca2+ channels is associated with the ataxic mouse mutation rolling Nagoya (tg(rol)).
Recent genetic analyses have revealed an important association of the gene encoding the P/Q-type voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channel alpha(1A) subunit with hereditary neurological disorders. We have identified the ataxic mouse mutation, rolling Nagoya (tg(rol)), in the alpha(1A) gene that leads to a charge-neutralizing arginine-to-glycine substitution at position 1262 in the voltage sensor-forming segment S4 in repeat III. Ca(2+) channel currents in acutely dissociated Purkinje cells, where P-type is the dominant type, showed a marked decrease in slope and a depolarizing shift by 8 mV of the conductance-voltage curve and reduction in current density in tg(rol) mouse cerebella, compared with those in wild-type. Compatible functional change was induced by the tg(rol) mutation in the recombinant alpha(1A) channel, indicating that a defect in voltage sensor of P/Q-type Ca(2+) channels is the direct consequence of the tg(rol) mutation. Furthermore, somatic whole-cell recording of mutant Purkinje cells displayed only abortive Na(+) burst activity and hardly exhibited Ca(2+) spike activity in cerebellar slices. Thus, in tg(rol) mice, reduced voltage sensitivity, which may derive from a gating charge defect, and diminished activity of the P-type alpha(1A) Ca(2+) channel significantly impair integrative properties of Purkinje neurons, presumably resulting in locomotor deficits.
Action Potentials↗
Identification of two polyketide synthase gene clusters on the linear plasmid pSLA2-L in Streptomyces rochei.
The 200kb linear plasmid pSLA2-L was suggested to be involved in the production of two macrolide antibiotics, lankamycin (Lm) and lankacidin (Lc), in Streptomyces rochei 7434AN4. Hybridization experiments with the polyketide synthase (PKS) genes for erythromycin and actinorhodin identified two eryAI-homologous regions and an actI-homologous region on pSLA2-L. The nucleotide sequence of a 3.6kb SacI fragment carrying one of the eryAI-homologs revealed that it codes for part of a large protein with four domains for ketoreductase, acyl carrier protein, ketosynthase, and acyltransferase. Gene disruption confirmed that the two eryAI-homologs are parts of a large type-I PKS gene cluster for Lm. A 4.8kb DNA carrying the actI-homologous region contains four open reading frames (ORF1-ORF4) as well as an additional ORF, i.e. ORF5, which might code for a thioesterase. Deletion of the ORF2-ORF4 region showed that it is not involved in the synthesis of Lm or Lc. Thus, it was confirmed that pSLA2-L contains two PKS gene clusters for Lm and an unknown type-II polyketide.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Activation of caspase-3 in molt4 cells by apoptosis-inducing nucleosides from CD57(+)HLA-DR(bright) natural suppressor cell line.
Apoptosis-inducing nucleosides (AINs), which were released and isolated from CD57(+)HLA-DR(bright) natural suppressor (57.DR-NS) cell line derived from human decidual tissue, induced apoptosis in Molt4 cells. The addition of caspase-3 inhibitor into the reaction blocked the cleavage of caspase-3 and apoptosis in Molt4 cells treated with AINs, detected by flow cytometrical or spectrofluorometrical analysis and DNA fragmentation assay. Furthermore, by means of immunoblotting, the processing of caspase-3 was shown with the appearance of their catalytically active subunits of 20 and 11 kDa during the generation of apoptosis in Molt4 cells treated with AINs. This processing of caspase-3 into active subunits was also blocked by the addition of caspase-3 inhibitor. Thus, it was definitely revealed that the activation of caspase-3 was a key feature in the caspase cascade of AINs-induced apoptosis in Molt4 cells.
Apoptosis↗
Calcium ion-independent recognition of sialyl and nonsialyl N-acetyllactosamine and Le(x) structures by boar sperm.
Recognition of defined carbohydrate structures by boar sperm was studied on the basis of oligosaccharide structures of porcine zona pellucida glycoproteins so far elucidated. Boar sperm abundantly adhered to fetuin-Sepharose beads, moderately to asialofetuin-Sepharose beads, but not at all to galactosidase (beta1-4-linkage-specific)-digested asialofetuin-Sepharose beads. The sperm also adhered to Le(x) oligosaccharide probe-coupled avidin-Sepharose beads. These adhesive activities were retained in the medium containing EDTA instead of calcium ion but abolished after induction of acrosome reaction by preincubation of sperm with calcium ionophore. Inhibition study of sperm adhesion to the beads by soluble ligands demonstrated that boar sperm express at least two kinds of carbohydrate recognition molecules, one recognizing both sialyl and nonsialyl N-acetyllactosamines but not the Le(x) structure and the other recognizing the Le(x) structure but not N-acetyllactosamines. Sperm binding to the zona pellucida on fixed porcine oocytes was inhibited by N-glycans of fetuin and their asialo form but not by the asialo, agalacto-N-glycans. Finally, dextran-based multivalent oligosaccharide polymers were prepared and their inhibitory activities in sperm-oocyte binding were examined. The result indicated that the polymer composed of fetuin N-glycans, its asialo-N-glycans, or lacto-N-fucopentaose III causes a remarkable inhibition at the oligosaccharide-based concentration of 50 microM. Thus, boar sperm are suggested to express multiple carbohydrate recognition molecules which may be involved in the sperm-egg interaction.
Amino Sugars↗
Visuoperceptual impairment in dementia with Lewy bodies.
BACKGROUND: In dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), vision-related cognitive and behavioral symptoms are common, and involvement of the occipital visual cortices has been demonstrated in functional neuroimaging studies. OBJECTIVES: To delineate visuoperceptual disturbance in patients with DLB in comparison with that in patients with Alzheimer disease and to explore the relationship between visuoperceptual disturbance and the vision-related cognitive and behavioral symptoms. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: Research-oriented hospital. PATIENTS: Twenty-four patients with probable DLB (based on criteria of the Consortium on DLB International Workshop) and 48 patients with probable Alzheimer disease (based on criteria of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke-Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association) who were matched to those with DLB 2:1 by age, sex, education, and Mini-Mental State Examination score. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Four test items to examine visuoperceptual functions, including the object size discrimination, form discrimination, overlapping figure identification, and visual counting tasks. RESULTS: Compared with patients with probable Alzheimer disease, patients with probable DLB scored significantly lower on all the visuoperceptive tasks (P<.04 to P<.001). In the DLB group, patients with visual hallucinations (n = 18) scored significantly lower on the overlapping figure identification (P = .01) than those without them (n = 6), and patients with television misidentifications (n = 5) scored significantly lower on the size discrimination (P<.001), form discrimination (P = .01), and visual counting (P = .007) than those without them (n = 19). CONCLUSIONS: Visual perception is defective in probable DLB. The defective visual perception plays a role in development of visual hallucinations, delusional misidentifications, visual agnosias, and visuoconstructive disability charcteristic of DLB.
Aged↗
A diagnostic method for suspected Alzheimer's disease using H(2)15O positron emission tomography perfusion Z score.
We developed cerebral perfusion Z score map (Z map) images using H(2)15O and positron emission tomography (PET), and examined their use in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cerebral blood flow (CBF) images were obtained using the PET and H(2)15O autoradiographic method. The best region for normalising the CBF value to remove individual variantion was determined. Then CBF images were transformed to Talairach's standard space, and each pixel value of an individual's image set was normalized to the mean value of the sensorimotor area. Based on the CBF images of 20 normal volunteers, normative mean and standard deviation (SD) CBF images were constructed. Then, each pixel value of the axial CBF images in 28 patients with probable AD and 10 further normal volunteers was converted to a Z score (Z = [normal mean--individual value]/normal SD). A Z map, showing pixels exceeding a threshold of Z score > 2 on MRI of standardised anatomical space was demonstrated. These 38 Z maps were interpreted by four radiologists. When regions in the temporoparietal area were found with Z scores > 2, the subject was diagnosed as having AD. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to compare the conventional CBF images and Z maps. The diagnostic performance of the Z map was superior to that of visual inspection of conventional CBF images (mean areas under the ROC curve of the four radiologists were 0.946 and 0.584, respectively). These results indicate that a Z map obtained in this way is superior to conventional PET for diagnosing AD.
Aged↗
Adenosquamous carcinoma of the remnant stomach: report of a case.
We report herein the case of a 59-year-old man found to have adenosquamous carcinoma of the remnant stomach which demonstrated rapid progression. The patient was admitted to our hospital to undergo surgery for a papillary tumor of the remnant stomach. Total resection of the remnant stomach with lymph node dissection was performed, and pathological examination confirmed a diagnosis of adenosquamous carcinoma with invasion into the muscularis propria and lymph node metastasis around the perigastric areas. Multiple liver metastases were found 6 months after the operation, for which a right hepatectomy was performed with curative intent; however, he died 2 months later due to lymphangitis carcinomatosa of the lung.
Carcinoma, Adenosquamous↗
Disturbances of spatial vision and object vision correlate differently with regional cerebral glucose metabolism in Alzheimer's disease.
There is evidence of two neuronal systems for visual cognition which are referred to as spatial vision and object vision. We subjected 49 patients with mild-to-moderate probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) to tasks associated with these two types of visual cognition. Visual counting was employed as a task to assess visuospatial recognition. Identification of overlapping figures and discrimination of visual forms were used as visuoperceptual tasks that require an ability to recognize objects. Regional cerebral glucose metabolism (rCMRglc) of the subjects was also determined by positron emission tomography. Multivariate statistics controlling for the confounding factors assessed the correlation between the task performances and the rCMRglc. The visual counting score significantly correlated with the metabolic rate of the bilateral inferior parietal lobules. On the other hand, the scores of the visuoperceptual tasks significantly correlated with the metabolic rate of the right middle temporal gyrus and the right inferior parietal lobule. The present study showed that visuospatial disturbance was related to bilateral parietal metabolism, and that visuoperceptual disturbance was related to right temporo-parietal metabolism in patients with mild-to-moderate AD.
Aged↗
Molecular and immunological approaches to mammalian fertilization.
By means of hybridoma technology, we obtained six hydriboma cell lines producing monoclonal antibody (mAb) to porcine zona pellucid (ZP), two of which recognizes the steric structure of common antigens between porcine ZP and humans. Furthermore, we have analyzed all or partial structures of N- and O-linked sugar chains of ZP glycprotein from porcine or murine oocytes. Then, we have clarified that beta-galactose and Le(X) residues on ZP played the binding roles to sperm cells in porcine and murine fertilization. We have also succeeded Sp38 cDNA cloning from cDNA library of porcine testis. We found that Sp38 protein bind to porcine ZP2 and expressed in murine and human sperm cells. Corresponding to the presence of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II on murine sperm, CD4 on the murine egg plasma membrane was clearly shown by indirect IIF and immunoprecipitation test. Furthermore, the transcriptional expression of CD4/p56(lck) in eggs was confirmed by RT-PCR method. In addition, the p56(lck) associated with CD4 underneath the plasma membrane of eggs was autophosphorylated after cross-linking of CD4 with anti CD4 mAb. The binding between eggs or Sf9-CD4 cells labeled with anti-CD4 mAb and sperm cells labeled with anti-monomorphic region of class II mAb was completely blocked. Considering these findings together with the fact that an interspecies' heterogeneity is present in CD4 amino acid sequence at the interactive site with class II, we elucidated that one of species' specific intercellular adhesions between two gametes at the fusion step in fertilization is definitely mediated by class II located on the posterior region of sperm head and CD4/p56(lck) complex on the plasma membrane of egg.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Cortical activation during retrieval of arithmetical facts and actual calculation: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study.
By using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the neural substrates involved in mental recitation of the single-digit multiplication table and serial subtraction were studied. The former depends mostly on well-learned arithmetical facts, while the latter requires arithmetic processing. Activation during each task was compared with that in a number counting control. During the recitation of single-digit multiplication, the activated regions included the area lying along the left intraparietal sulcus, the premotor and supplementary motor areas, and the posterior portion of the left inferior frontal gyrus. The areas activated during serial subtraction included these areas as well as the bilateral prefrontal and right parietal areas. From the results obtained during retrieval of the multiplication table in this study and previous studies, it was concluded that semantic memory of the multiplication table is stored in the area lying along the intraparietal sulcus and that the frontal areas play an executive role in utilizing the semantic memory of arithmetical facts. It was assumed that the arithmetical facts requiring actual calculation are also stored in the same region. The additional activation during serial subtraction compared with the activation during retrieval of the multiplication table is probably due to the processes of actual calculation. These processes include proper alignment of digits, which may have caused the right parietal activation, and maintaining digits needed for the mental serial subtractions, which may have caused the bilateral prefrontal activation.
Adult↗