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Biomedical subjects

E Moran

Publications and source records attributed to E Moran.

108 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Application of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serology to the diagnosis of North American nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

A cooperative study was established among a number of institutions in the USA to determine the clinical value of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serology for the diagnosis of different histopathological types of North American nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) including occult primary tumors. One hundred-twenty-four patients with confirmed NPC have now been entered into the study. For each patient, anti-EBV antibody titers were determined at diagnosis and related to the histopathology as classified according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The results suggest that certain anti-EBV antibodies are of potential value for the diagnosis of undifferentiated types of NPC but not for the well-differentiated cancer. The IgA anti-VCA antibody response is the most specific for this disease and of the greatest diagnostic value when used alone or in combination with the anti-EA test. These tests have also been used successfully for the detection of occult NPC. These results indicate that these tests can be useful aids to the clinician for the diagnosis of certain histopathologic types of this disease.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1983

Phenobarbital and d-amphetamine effects on discrimination performance of rats and juvenile baboons.

Hungry rats in Skinner boxes were trained to select the right or left lever as correct as a function of the presence of a tone or light stimulus, respectively. Correct responses produced liquid food rewards. Acute intraperitoneal administration of d-amphetamine or phenobarbital did not affect accuracy of performance, but decreased the percent trials attempted and lengthened response times as a function of increasing doses. The mean extra responses during the delay intervals generally decreased under phenobarbital and increased under d-amphetamine. Juvenile baboons were trained to respond on a delayed match-to-sample task in order to obtain banana pellet rewards. Acute intramuscular administration of phenobarbital produced a dose-related increase in errors, a decrease in mean extra responses and an increase in response times. A slight reduction in the percent trials attempted occurred only at the highest dose of the drug. Acute intramuscular d-amphetamine did not increase errors even at dose levels that increased reaction times, decreased extra responses and reduced the percent trials attempted.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Comparison of five methods for the assay of serum gentamicin.

The microbiological bioassay, the adenylation method, and the radiometric, enzyme, and fluorescent immunoassay methods for assaying serum gentamicin were compared. The precision, reproducibility, and specificity of each method was assessed and proved satisfactory, with the exception of the radioimmunoassay, which gave artificially high results. Good correlations between the other four methods was obtained in a comparison involving 103 patient sera. The other aspects of performance were also compared, namely, simplicity, speed, cost, ease of automation, and application to large and small workloads. The enzyme immunoassay performed best in this comparison, being accurate, specific, rapid, and very simple to perform. However, other laboratories might find that workload, staffing, and available equipment make other methods more attractive.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1976

Diazepam treatment of socially isolated monkeys.

Four rhesus monkeys were reared for the first eight months of life in total social isolation. One animal died during this period; the three remaining subjects were treated with diazepam in an isolation chamber, in their home cages, and in a playroom testing situation. Diazepam significantly decreased the self-disturbance behaviors of two subjects, and there was even the appearance of some social behaviors, although they were limited and not of the same quality as in nonisolated subjects. The authors discuss the implications of the data for understanding the significance of the social isolation syndrome in monkeys as a model for human psychoses.

Aggression↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Results of the L5178Y mouse lymphoma assay and the Balb/3t3 cell in vitro transformation assay for eight phthalate esters.

Eight phthalate esters, with alcohol chain lengths of 1-11 carbon atoms and with various degrees of branching, were tested in vitro in the L5178Y mouse lymphoma mammalian cell mutation assay and in the Balb/3T3 cell transformation assay. The tests were performed as part of a voluntary testing agreement between the Chemical Manufacturers Association's Phthalate Esters Panel and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). The esters tested were: dimethyl phthalate (DMP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), di-¿n-hexyl, n-octyl, n-decyl¿ phthalate (610P), di-isononyl phthalate (DINP), di-¿heptyl, nonyl, undecyl¿ phthalate (711P), di-isodecyl phthalate (DIDP) and di-undecyl phthalate (DUP). Both DMP and DBP were found to produce significant increases in the mutant frequency in the mouse lymphoma assay in the presence but not in the absence of an Aroclor-induced rat liver activation system (S-9). Ester 610P gave equivocal results in the mouse lymphoma assay in the presence and absence of rat liver S-9. There was no indication of mutagenic potential for any of the other test materials in the mouse lymphoma assay, and none of the test materials increased transformation frequency in the Balb/3T3 cell transformation assay. Aldehyde metabolites of the de-esterified alcohols are postulated to play a role in the positive results for DMP and DBP.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An inter-regional comparison: fatal crashes in the southeastern and non-southeastern United States: preliminary findings.

The southeastern United States, particularly those states representing the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's and Federal Highway Administration's Region IV, have consistently had among the highest number of fatal crashes and fatal crash rates compared to the other five regions in the US. These states--Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee, are suspected of sharing traits in common that lead to their systematically poor crash record. Inter-regional and intra-regional comparisons, such as the comparison between southeastern and non-southeastern states, raises interesting and challenging research questions that are applicable to similar comparisons. First, is there a sound practical and theoretical justification supporting an inter-regional comparison framework? Second, is there a way to construct a meaningful statistical hypothesis and test to determine whether one region, which is comprised of numerous entities, suffers from a characteristically better or worse crash record? This paper addresses each of these questions. After providing a brief summary of the Southeast's safety record, we discuss the issues pro and con surrounding inter-regional comparisons, illustrating the statistical strategy for such an analysis approach. Then, a simple generalizable statistical procedure is used for testing the hypothesis that southeastern states have a poorer crash record than non-southeastern states. Finally, we explore possible relationships between safety belt use, roadway functional class, vehicle miles of travel, and driver age on fatal crash occurrence. The data used in the analyses are from the Fatal Analysis Reporting System (FARS), primarily data compiled for 1995. The analysis suggests that regional differences in fatal crashes may indeed exist, that these differences are related in part to seat-belt use, VMT by functional classification, and speed limit differences, and that more detailed studies are needed to quantify the effect of these and other factors. The approach developed here lends insight as to where future in-depth studies may reveal causal factors of fatal crashes, and illustrates the relative safety performance records of US regions.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The efficacy of tone-reducing features in orthotics on the gait of children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy.

This study analyzed the effects of tone-reducing features in ankle-foot orthotics (AFOs) on the gait of eight children (ages 4-11 years) with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. A standard gait analysis was performed on each subject in each of three trial orthotics and in a baseline shoes-only condition. A 4-week accommodation period was allotted for each of the three devices: a standard hinged AFO, an AFO with tone-reducing features, and a supramalleolar orthotic with tone-reducing features. Most significant differences were at the ankle, between free-ankle and plantar flexion-limiting conditions. No significant functional changes in gait were evident with the addition of tone-reducing properties to a standard articulating AFO.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tethered cord in a patient with multiple vertebral segmentation defects: a case report.

Short trunk dwarfism with multiple vertebral segmentation defects (MVSD) represents a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by the presence of multiple vertebral and rib abnormalities. A two and one-half year-old female with the spondylothoracic dysostosisform of MVSD is presented. In addition to skeletal anomalies, a lumbar hemangioma, bilateral foot deformities, distal leg atrophy and weakness, and areflexia at the ankles were present. An underlying neuropathic process was suspected. Results of urodynamic studies were suggestive of a neurogenic bladder. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine demonstrated a tethered spinal cord. Although various brain and spinal cord anomalies have been described in MVSD, this is the first reported case, to our knowledge, of a tethered spinal cord in a patient with MVSD. We recommend that the management of patients with MVSD include comprehensive neurological evaluation and monitoring with appropriate electrodiagnostic, urodynamic, and neuroimaging studies.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗