Plasma and tumor levels of somatostatin (SRIF) and somatostatin immunochemistry in medullary thyroid carcinoma: apparently discrepant preliminary results.
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Calcitonin↗
Biomedical subjects
E Modigliani
Publications and source records attributed to E Modigliani.
Effect of a short-term oral administration of cimetidine and ranitidine on the basal and thyrotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated serum concentrations of prolactin, thyrotropin and thyroid hormones in healthy volunteers. A double-blind cross-over study.
Cimetidine (400 mg b.d.), ranitidine (150 mg b.d.) and placebo were administered for 1 week to 6 healthy male volunteers in a randomized double-blind cross-over fashion. Hormonal concentrations before and after a TRH test were assessed before and after each treatment. A spontaneous decrease in the hormonal response to TRH was observed after placebo treatment. Both cimetidine and ranitidine induced a significant increase in basal prolactin (PRL) values. Neither TSH nor T3 were modified by cimetidine or by ranitidine. The basal concentration of reverse T3 was increased during cimetidine treatment. There was a significant rise in post-TRH T4 after cimetidine and ranitidine administration. These results suggest a role for histamine H2 receptors in the secretion of PRL and T4. Moreover, cimetidine affects the hepatic metabolism of thyroid hormones.
Adult↗
[Microalbuminuria in diabetics with moderate hypertension].
The relation between hypertension and diabetic nephropathy is complex. Nephropathy is probably involved in the elevated blood pressure found in diabetic patients. In maturity onset diabetes, patients may also have hypertension which is associated with obesity or essential hypertension. It has been suggested that in both types of diabetes, hypertension enhances the development of diabetic nephropathy. Moreover, an aggressive antihypertensive treatment seems able to reduce rate of decline in kidney function in insulin-dependent diabetic patients with patent nephropathy. In this work, creatinine clearance and microalbuminuria in 20 diabetic patients (mostly with maturity-onset-diabetes) with known moderate and effectively treated hypertension were therefore measured and the results were compared with those for 18 normotensive diabetic patients and 22 controls. Duration of diabetes was from one to 26 years (mean: 11 years) and duration of hypertension was from one to 35 years (mean: 10 years). Patients and controls had normal serum creatinine and proteinuria below 0.1 g/l. Microalbuminuria was measured by immunonephelometric assay using specific antiserum (sensitivity = 1.5 mg/l; intra and interassay coefficients: 6.5% and 8% respectively). The highest value was observed in hypertensive diabetic patients with retinopathy (group 1). But hypertensive patients without retinopathy (group 2) and normotensive patients also had significantly increased microalbuminuria. In group 1, microalbuminuria was significantly higher than in group 2. The creatinine clearance was reduced in groups 1 and 2 versus normotensive diabetics, but hypertensive patients were older.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
[Absence of ultra-structural histological lesions of the myocardium in cardiac insufficiency of hyperthyroidism].
Myocardial failure may complicate hyperthyroidism. Some authors consider that preexisting myocardial lesions are necessary for its development. We studied a case of myocardial failure, presenting as a dilated cardiomyopathy, complicating hyperthyroidism in a 57 year old woman. She had a bio-clinical evaluation and a haemodynamic study with endomyocardial biopsy of the left ventricule. No valvular or coronary disease were noted. The light and ultra-microscopic aspects of the myocardium were within normal limits. We conclude that preexisting myocardial lesions are not essential to the development of myocardial failure complicating hyperthyroidism.
Female↗
[Rheumatological manifestations of adrenal insufficiencies].
Muscular, articular and periarticular symptoms were reviewed in 19 patients with adrenal failure and compared with previously published data. Symptoms are variable and non-specific; muscular cramps and periarticular calcification were common. Hypercalcaemia was uncommon but its incidence was probably underestimated. Calcification of the ear cartilage was rare but characteristic.
Adrenal Insufficiency↗
Compared effect of propranolol and acebutolol on serum thyroid hormones' levels in euthyroid and hyperthyroid patients: a randomized study.
An open randomized study involving 57 subjects, 40 euthyroid and 17 hyperthyreotic, was undertaken to compare the effect of two beta-adrenergic blocking drugs, propranolol (120 mg/day) and acebutolol (600 mg/day), on the thyroid hormones serum level. In hyperthyreotic as well as in euthyroid subjects, propranolol evoked a fall in T3, an increase in reverse T3 and therefore a decrease in the T3/rT3 ratio. Acebutolol caused a decrease in T3 and in the T3/rT3 ratio only in euthyroid subjects. The only significant variation in the hyperthyroid acebutolol treated group was a decrease in reverse T3, perhaps spontaneous. TBG and TSH concentrations remained stable under treatment in all the groups. The relation of these effects with the existence of a membrane stabilizing activity displayed by propranolol as well as by acebutolol is discussed.
Acebutolol↗
[Prognosis of medullary cancers of the thyroid].
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Carcinoma↗
Evidence of a thyrotropin-releasing hormone-dependent increase in plasma thyrotropin during refeeding of starved rats.
After 3 days of starvation, refeeding with carbohydrate (CHO) leads to a rapid increase in plasma T4 and T3, suggesting increased TSH secretion. The aim of the present study was to describe the time course of plasma TSH changes during refeeding with CHO and fat. Repetitive blood samples were obtained from freely moving animals by indwelling jugular venous catheters. Refeeding was performed on the fourth day of starvation at either 1100 or 1900 h, and blood was sampled during the preceding hour and during the following 3 h. In control experiments, blood was sampled over 4 h without refeeding. Refeeding with CHO and fat induced a significant increase in plasma TSH in the first hour. This increase could be abolished by a previous injection of an anti-TRH serum, while normal rabbit serum was without effect. Plasma corticosterone, measured hourly, also showed a tendency to increase with refeeding. It is concluded that refeeding of starved rats represents a reproducible stimulus for TSH secretion.
Animals↗
[Biological rhythms of thyrotropin secretion].
The rhythmic pattern of TSH secretion is now well-established and is characterized by a circadian (24 h) periodicity with a pre-sleep acrophase which is modulated by endogenous oscillators and environmental synchronisers. Among external synchronisers, the sleep-waking cycle has been extensively studied and sleep onset appears to have a negative influence on the nycthemeral TSH peak. Nutritional status may affect the TSH rhythmicity since a short term starvation induces a shift in the acrophase time. Major neurotransmitter involved in the TSH rhythms are serotonine which could be responsible for the TSH nadir. By contrast dopamine is not directly implicated in the circadian pattern of TSH secretion. TRH, the main neuropeptide controlling the thyrotrope cell, certainly has a major role in the mediation of the TSH rhythmicity. The involvement of somatostatine is less clear but as assumed for dopamine, its negative influence on TSH secretion would be stronger at the time of TSH peak than at the time of nadir. The major inhibitory effect of thyroid hormones on TSH secretion and release is evident on mean serum TSH levels but does not seem responsible for serum circadian variations. Likewise, the TSH rhythm is present in both sex and influence of estrogens and androgens would only be to modulate the mean serum TSH level. Finally the physiological influence of glucocorticoids on TSH secretion has not been clearly demonstrated.
Adult↗
Effects of cimetidine on thyroid hormones.
Short-term administration of the H2-antagonist cimetidine (400 mg three times/day for 5 days) was performed in eight healthy male volunteers and its effects on both thyroid hormone levels and on hypophyseal hormone release induced by acute hypoglycaemia and TRH were tested. Absolute values of basal and post-TRH serum T3 were decreased by treatment, while basal and stimulated serum rT3 and T4 levels were not altered significantly. Cimetidine administration did not change the hormone release induced by acute hypoglycaemia but significantly enhanced the prolactin and TSH responses to TRH. Our results suggest that cimetidine administration can modify the peripheral metabolism rather than the secretion of thyroid hormones.
Adult↗
[Isolated ACTH deficiency associated with leukoneutropenia (author's transl)].
The paper describes the case of a 38 year's old alcoholic patient. The investigation of his severe asthenia led to the discovery of an isolated ACTH deficiency: plasma cortisol was less than 1 microgram 100 ml reactivable by tetracosa-peptide beta 1-24. Plasma ACTH was low and remained so after LVD and metyrapone. Persistent leuconeutropenia without myelogram and agar cultures abnormalities was noted. Etiocholanolone test was negative and epinephrine induced a significant rise in blood leucocytes. The authors review the mechanisms of corticoid action on leucopoiesis. After 10 months corticoid treatment, leuconeutropenia improved but was still present suggesting an other underlying mechanism than cortisol insufficiency per se.
Adrenal Insufficiency↗
[TRH response in 53 patients with chronic alcoholism (author's transl)].
A study of thyroid function was undertaken in 53 patients with chronic alcoholism the following tests were performed: T3 RIA, T4 RIA, T3 test and I.V. TRH-test. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the degree of liver injury: histologically documented fibrosteatosis (group 1), cirrhosis (group 2); group 3 consisted of severe cirrhosis with coagulation defects precluding liver biopsy. 32 healthy subjects served as controls. Free thyroxine index was normal in the 3 groups of patients; on the contrary, serum T3 RIA was significantly reduced in the 2nd and the 3rd group. The decrease of T3 correlated with the degree of hepatocellular failure. TRH test was almost always normal. If patients are separated into two groups according to their circulating T3 levels, it appears that subjects with low T3 show a TRH-induced increase in TSH lower than in the other group, but not significantly different from normal subjects, suggesting an inadequate hypothalamic reactivity.
Adult↗
[Echocardiographic study of hyperthyroidism based on 9 cases of Basedow's disease (author's transl)].
An echocardiographic study of nine patients with graves' disease before and after treatment demonstrates changes in myocardial contractility predominantly in the posterior wall and, to a lesser extent, in the intraventricular septum. The parameters most significantly changed were: velocity of posterior wall thickening and posterior left ventricular wall relaxation rate. There was not in any of the cases neither evidence of cardiac insufficiency nor a diminution of VCF. All of the modifications regressed rapidly with the euthyroid state. These results affirm the functional character of this disease dismissing the existence of an autonome cardiomyopathy of thyroid etiology.
Adult↗
[Wolff-Parkinson-White during a basedowienne thyrotoxicose (author's transl)].
The case reported here consisted of an association of a Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) with thyrotoxicosis, with simultaneous recovery by thyroidectomy; this lead the authors to review 13 previous cases in the literature. The physiopathologic discussion emphasized several points: 1) the specific action of thyroid hormones, 2) the hypothesis of the possible existence of inapparent pathways of pre-exitation in most subjects and 3) a simple practical attitude to adopt in all Wolff-Parkinson-White cases especially when rapid.
Animals↗
[Critical study of the treatment of Grave's disease (author's transl)].
202 cases of Grave's disease were reviewed; among the 81 patients submitted to medical treatment, 53,1 p. 100 of patients failed to respond; 10 p. 100 relapsed and 35,9 p. 100 are euthyroid. The factors favouring a treatment failure were: age below thirty, severity of thyrotoxicosis, big enlargement of thyroid gland, duration of treatment shorter than 12 months. Relapses are more frequent after two years of medical treatment. Subtotal thyroidectomy was performed in 82 patients: 9,5 p. 100 relapsed, permanent hypothyroidism developed in 30,5 p. 100 and 50 p. 100 were euthyroid. The factors favouring post-operative hypothyroidism are estimated weight of the thyroid remnant, the moderate size of goiter and perhaps a six to twelve months preoperative medical treatment. 39 patients had I 131 therapy: among them, 24 p. 100 relapsed, 25,7 p. 100 had permanent hypothyroidism and 50,3 p. 100 are euthyroid.
Adolescent↗
Effects of chronic alcoholism on the pituitary-gonadal function of women during menopausal transition and in the post menopausal period.
The hypothalamo-pituitary gonadal function was evaluated in eleven chronically alcoholic menopausal women by measurement of basal serum oestradiol, FSH, LH and prolactin, followed by LHRH-TRH test and administration of clomiphene citrate. All patients had hepatic damage, fibrosteatosis or cirrhosis. Two subgroups have been isolated according to urinary and serum estrogen levels: seven patients with urinary estrogen output less than 14 microgram per 24 h and plasma oestradiol less than 40 pg per ml were considered as post menopausal women: basal values of FSH and LH and their response to LHRH did not differ from that observed in normal menopausal women; clomiphene citrate induced a significant suppression of FSH and LH blood levels. Four women with urinary estrogen output greater than 14 microgram per 24 h and plasma oestradiol greater than 40 pg per ml were considered in menopausal transition. Their basal and post LHRH-FSH blood levels were lower than in the control group. These results suggest a normal hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis at least in the post menopausal alcoholic women.
Aged↗
[Schmidt's syndrome in the course of sarcoidosis].
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Addison Disease↗
[Letter: Echocardiographic study of thyroid sufficiency and thyrotoxicosis. Preliminary results].
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Echocardiography↗