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Biomedical subjects

E Meyer

Publications and source records attributed to E Meyer.

450 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of hypercapnia on enhancement of decreased perfusion flow in non-infarcted brain tissues.

The effects of hypercapnia on enhancement of reduced cerebral perfusion were re-evaluated in areas of ischemia produced by occlusion of the canine middle cerebral artery. Perfusion was measured by 85Kr (beta-ray) and 133Xe (gamma-ray) clearances, fluorescein angiography and diameter measurement of arteries. Between 45 and 55 mm Hg of PaCO2 rCBF measured with both isotopes increased significantly. When PaCO2 was elevated above 55 mm Hg, there was a remarkable dissociation in the rCBF measured by both isotopes. Cortical blood flow measured by 85Kr clearance decreased and, conversely, rCBF measured by 133Xe continued to increase. Arteries of less than 50 mu in diameter in areas of ischemia dilated significantly during hypercapnia. At PaCO2 above 65 mm Hg, progressive sub-pial hemorrhage and extravasation of dye were observed as side effects of hypercapnia. The use of mannitol combined with hypercapnia appeared to be harmful. A PaCO2 level between 45 and 55 mm Hg increases perfusion in areas of mildly reduced rCBF.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Simultaneous in vivo measurement of lumped constant and rate constants in experimental cerebral ischemia using F-18 FDG.

Lumped and transfer rate constants in ischemic brain tissue must be measured to estimate accurately cerebral glucose utilization by the deoxyglucose method. We studied the bilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion model in 17 cats, 5 with a 1-hour occlusion, 5 with a 4-hour occlusion, and 7 with a sham operation. The time course of cerebral tissue radioactivity (Ci*(t)) was monitored by external coincidence counting during a programmed infusion of [18F]-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-d-glucose (18F-2-FDG). Arterial plasma concentration (Cp*(t)) of the tracer was kept constant during the first 45 minutes. Rate constants were estimated from Ci*(t) and Cp*(t) by a nonlinear least-squares fitting routine. The lumped constant was estimated from the fit of the ratio of extraction fractions of glucose and 18F-2-FDG by nonweighted, nonlinear least-squares fitting. In the 4-hour-occlusion model, the transfer constant k1* was 23% lower, k3* 39% lower, and the lumped constant 78% higher than in the sham-operated animals. In the 1-hour-occlusion model, k3* was 26% lower than in the sham-operated animals but the lumped constant was not significantly different. The rate of glucose utilization was significantly different in the 4-hour-occlusion model compared to the sham-operated animals (48% decrease, p less than 0.05) but was not significantly different in the 1-hour-occlusion model.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Erythropoietin-induced iritis-like reaction.

The present report describes an iritis-like reaction found in 13 patients treated with recombinant human erythropoietin (Eprex), a drug given to hemodialysis patients for their chronic anemia. Among 120 patients being treated by hemodialysis in two centers affiliated with our medical center, ten out of 30 Eprex-treated patients but none of 90 not being treated with Eprex developed this reaction. The observations described support a causal relation between Eprex treatment and the iritis-like reaction. Further investigative effort is needed to establish the mechanism.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: clinicopathological study of the eyes.

This paper described the clinicopathological findings in a patient who died of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. During his seven-month hospitalization, we had the opportunity to study the evolution of the disease and especially the variability of the ocular findings. The patient was presenting with a right exotropia and later developed chorioretinal changes in the fundus. The pathological examinations of both eyes revealed undescribed details, mostly in the anterior segments of the eyes, namely lacy vacuolization of the pigment epithelium of the iris, vacuolization of the nonpigmentary ciliary epithelium, and proliferation of the ciliary pigment epithelium.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Shiny spots in the iris in chronic uveitis.

A case of chronic uveitis with shiny spots in the iris is described. Histologically the shiny spots proved to be Russel bodies. The nature of the Russel bodies is discussed.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Collagen fibril abnormalities in the extraocular muscles in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

The dermal collagen fibrils and the fibrils of the extraocular muscles and the conjunctivas of both eyes of a child afflicted with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) were studied ultrastructurally. The results were evaluated statistically. Biopsy material was used in all instances. The collagen fibrils from all involved tissues showed a high percentage of size variation. Abnormalities of shape were noted. In the reticular dermis, 48% of fibrils were of normal diameter, 23% were enlarged, and 29% were thinner than normal. In the extraocular muscles, 77% were of normal size, 14.5% were larger, and 8.5% were smaller. In the conjunctivas, 73% of fibrils were normal-sized, 22% were enlarged, and 5% were of small diameter. No small-sized fibrils were encountered in control extraocular muscles.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ocular and systemic characteristics of Duane syndrome.

The clinical features of 63 patients with Duane syndrome are described in this report. All data in the study were gathered retrospectively except for measurements of vertical palpebral fissure and axial eye length, which were investigated prospectively. The following new aspects of the syndrome are emphasized: 1) In most cases with heterotropia, the angle of deviation was not large (< or = 25 prism diopters). 2) Visual acuity of 0.66 (20/30) or better was recorded in 94% of the affected eyes. 3) Smaller palpebral fissure (by 1 mm or more) of the affected eye was measured in primary position among 9 of 40 (22%) unilateral cases. 4) The axial length of the affected eye (mean, 22.8 +/- 0.6 mm) was not significantly different from the uninvolved eye. 5) Two cases of heterochromia iridis (3.2%) were found among the Duane syndrome patients. 6) A 4.8% prevalence of high-tone hearing loss was detected, in addition to 4.8% of sensorineural deafness.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical characteristics and long-term postoperative results of infantile esotropia and myopia.

PURPOSE: To determine the short-term (6 month) and long-term (4 year) surgical results of infantile esotropia in a control group of 100 patients, as compared to a myopia (-2.0 to -5.0 diopters [D]) group of 13 patients and to a high-myopia (greater than -8.0 D) group of 14 patients. METHOD: A retrospective chart review with selection according to inclusion criteria. RESULTS: All 14 high-myopic patients (100%) achieved short-term unacceptable result of large-angle (greater than 20 prism diopters) deviation as compared to 29 (29%) and four (31%) of the patients in the control and myopia groups, respectively (P < 0.0001). Eighty (80%) of the patients in the control group and 10 (77%) in the myopia group achieved long-term favorable postoperative results of subnormal binocular vision, microtropia, or small-angle (less than 20 prism diopters) deviation, with no statistical differences between the two groups. In contrast, 10 (71%) of the patients in the high-myopia group achieved a final unacceptable result of large-angle deviation, as compared to 20 (20%) and three (23%) in the control and myopia groups, respectively (P < 0.0001). Persistent preoperative amblyopia was associated with a higher percentage of unfavorable surgical results and was more frequent in the high-myopia group (50%) as compared to the control group (14%) (P = 0.0004). CONCLUSIONS: Careful attention must be directed preoperatively toward reversing amblyopia and correcting refractive errors because persistent amblyopia at the time of surgery was associated with a higher percentage of unacceptable postoperative large-angle deviation. The conventional amount of recession or resection of muscles should be increased in high-myopic cases with infantile esotropia, because less effect is produced per millimeter of recession/resection initially and, in the long-term, the constant stimulus to accommodative convergence apparently causes recurrent esotropia.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Malignant triton tumor of the thyroid gland.

A case of a malignant triton tumor, a malignant schwannoma with a rhabdomyoblastic component is described. The tumor appeared in the right thyroid gland with no relationship to a peripheral nerve. Beneath pulmonary metastases the tumor produced bone metastases and showed responsiveness to radiotherapy and treatment with ifosfamide. These findings are uncommon in malignant triton tumors.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psoriasis associated with anterior uveitis.

A patient with psoriasis and anterior uveitis is described. In her family the two entities of iridocyclitis and psoriasis occurred separately in two generations and appeared associated in the third generation. Tissue typing of the family revealed HL-A 27 antigen in two members and HL-A 17 in the other two members. The possible relevance of HL-A antigens to the two clinical entities is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microphthalmos with orbital cyst: a clinicopathological report.

The clinical and histopathological findings in a case of microphthalmos with orbital cyst is described. The clinical interesting feature of this case was the bilateral coloboma which represented interference in the development of the eye at different stages of embryonic life.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Simulation of attempted homicide by dog bite in unconscious state].

It is reported on the unusual event of dog scavenging in an unconscious and intoxicated (alcohol) person. Due to the particular circumstances a case of attempted homicide was primarily suspected. Peculiarities of the case were a small dog (dachshund) as the responsible cause and the survival of the injured woman. Intensive and partly deep wounds due to scavenging were found on both shoulders/upper arms in nearly symmetrical order. Vomit from the dog could be assigned to the unconscious person by DNA typing. The typical morphological features of dog bites and injuries due to scavenging, respectively, and the possible motivation of the animal are discussed.

Aged↗