[Intraabdominal calcifications. Lymph node calcifications following mesenterial tuberculosis].
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Abdomen↗
Biomedical subjects
E Meyer
Publications and source records attributed to E Meyer.
Improved quantitation of 13-cis- and all-trans-acitretin in human plasma by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.
A reliable analytical method has been developed for measurement of 13-cis- and all-trans-acitretin (Neotigason) in human plasma by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, with ultraviolet detection. Human plasma was obtained after centrifugation of whole blood samples and deproteinized by ethanolic denaturation. After liquid-liquid extraction with water-n-hexane, and aliquot ws chromatographed on a silica column using isocratic elution with n-hexane-methylsalicylate-acetic acid (200:18:0.6, v/v). The wavelength was set at 360 nm, and for plasma samples a limit of quantification of 3-4 ng/ml was obtained. All manipulations were carried out under dim light conditions to prevent photoisomerization.
Acitretin↗
Multiple representations of pain in human cerebral cortex.
The representation of pain in the cerebral cortex is less well understood than that of any other sensory system. However, with the use of magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography in humans, it has now been demonstrated that painful heat causes significant activation of the contralateral anterior cingulate, secondary somatosensory, and primary somatosensory cortices. This contrasts with the predominant activation of primary somatosensory cortex caused by vibrotactile stimuli in similar experiments. Furthermore, the unilateral cingulate activation indicates that this forebrain area, thought to regulate emotions, contains an unexpectedly specific representation of pain.
Adult↗
Attention modulates somatosensory cerebral blood flow response to vibrotactile stimulation as measured by positron emission tomography.
In human primary somatosensory cortex, the cerebral blood flow response to vibrotactile stimulation of the fingers (110 Hz), as measured by positron emission tomography and H2(15)O, was 13% higher (p less than 0.025) when the subjects attended to the stimulus, compared to when they were simultaneously engaged in a distraction task. This suggests that the physiological response of a primary cortical area can be modulated by the attentive behavior of the subject.
Adult↗
[Hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of osteoradionecrosis of the mandible].
Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the mandible is one of the most dreaded complications in the treatment of cancer of the head and neck. If conservative and surgical treatment have not been successful, very often the only remaining solution is surgical intervention into the bone continuity of the mandible. In a group of eight patients suffering from ORN of the horizontal ramus of the lower jaw we gathered first experiences with hyperbaric oxygen therapy in combination with an operation to preserve the bone continuity (debridement of the bone and closing of the soft tissues). Hyperbaric oxygen was given during a time span of 13 to 52 hours (average: 36 hours). It was only with those two patients who received more than 50 hours of hyperbaric oxygen therapy that we achieved our aim of "total recovery from ORN of the mandible while saving its bone continuity". In one case where there was no clinically manifest recidivation of the tumour, the tumour showed rapid growth under hyperbaric oxygen therapy. In three cases partial resection of the mandible had to be performed without reconstruction for cure of ORN. Despite the loss of bone continuity these patients are only slightly cosmetically impaired and nutrition causes no problems. In two patients ORN still exists. On the basis of our first experiences with a small group of patients and in accordance with various publications, we conclude that hyperbaric oxygen therapy is a significant adjunct in the treatment of the mandible if a well-founded diagnosis is established and if it is followed by a well-adjusted therapy.
Adult↗
[Efficiency of various dental dust-aspiration-equipment regarding the treatment of cobalt-chromium alloys].
The comparative measuring of the dust-seizure-efficiency of aspirators is being carried out by a practice-related treatment of 5 cylindrical-shaped specimen made of a commercial cobalt-chromium-alloy with aluminum-oxide-grinding instruments and silicone-rubber-polishers. A small-filter-apparatus takes up the person related samplings of the occurring total-dust-amount, which is then being calculated by a gravimetric standard-measuring-procedure. The cobalt-chromium-dust-fraction in the total dust amount is determined through an x-ray-fluorescence-analysis. Workplace dust-aspiration-equipment of the firms KaVo, Freuding and Wassermann have been subjected to testing. The values of the efficiency of all aspirators turned out to be below the American Threshold Limit Value TLV-TWA (Threshold Limit Value-Time Weighted Average) of 0.5 mg/m3 for chromium. The strict TLV-TWA-value of 0.05 mg/m3 for cobalt it also--with the exception of the Freuding-aspirator A 84 with aspiration-tube--not exceeded.
Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
[Captopril-renal function scintigraphy in the clarification of arterial hypertension].
Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is a rare cause of hypertension. Radiological tests can disclose the morphological changes, but not their functional effect on renal function and perfusion. Normalization of the blood pressure can be achieved by intervention (operation, percutaneous transluminal renal angiography; PTRA), in cases of prolonged RAS-induced hypertension long-term preservation of the organ function is most important. The purpose of this study was the validation of captopril renography as a screening test for hypertension secondary to RAS prior to PTRA. Captopril renography with 99mTc-MAG 3 has a high sensitivity (94%) and acceptable specificity (88%) for the screening of hypertensive patients. The positive predictive value is 74% and the negative predictive value 98%, compared with the "gold standard" of angiography.
Adolescent↗
Transient cerebral ischaemic attacks and calcium-magnesium imbalance: clinical and paraclinical findings in 106 patients under 50 years of age.
One hundred and six selected patients (71 women, 35 men) suffering from transient cerebral ischaemic attacks (TIA) when aged less than 50 years received a comprehensive diagnostic assessment. Patients were classified into three subgroups, into which 9% could be assigned in approximately equal proportions. These were group A; TIA patients with tetanic syndrome (median age of first TIA 32 years, mainly female, 3.2 attacks per year and changing vascular area); group B; TIA patients with migraine (median age of first TIA 26 years, no predominance of male or female sex, 2.0 attacks per year and mostly in the same vascular area); group C: TIA patients suffering from premature arteriosclerosis (median age of first TIA 40 years, no predominance of male or female sex. 0.8 attacks per year and mostly in the same vascular area). Magnesium (P less than 0.001) and calcium (P less than 0.05) in plasma were reduced in group A, and magnesium (P less than 0.05) in group B, versus group C. The increased propensity to vasoconstriction appears to be an important pathogenic factor, particularly in group A, but also in group B.
Adult↗
HIV infection in intravenous drug abusers in Berlin: risk factors and time trends.
To investigate the epidemiology of HIV infection among intravenous drug abusers (IVDA) in Berlin (West), from October 1984 to October 1988, 741 heterosexual IVDA were recruited from facilities for drug treatment and counseling. In this group 22.8% were seropositive for antibodies against HIV, representing 21.1% of the females and 23.5% of the males. Seroprevalences of hepatitis B, hepatitis A, and lues were 67.7%, 40.1%, and 4.0%, respectively. Seropositivity for HIV antibodies correlated with positive seromarkers for hepatitis B and A, and with certain behavioral and social features such as sharing of injection equipment, imprisonment, and intravenous drug use in prison. The crude time trend of HIV seroprevalence shows an increase from 17.1% in those subjects who discontinued i.v. drug abuse in 1983 or earlier to 31.5% in 1985, and a decrease over the past 3 years to 14.1% in 1988. After adjusting for temporary changes in the study group, the estimated HIV seroprevalence odds show an almost steady increase and were significantly higher for those who were injecting drugs in 1987 and 1988 compared with those who stopped i.v. drug use before 1984. Thus IVDA with a persistent risk profile are at a still-increasing risk of acquiring HIV infection.
Age Factors↗
Surgical treatment of bilateral chylothorax due to benign lymphangioma of the thoracic duct.
We present a female patient in whom after an 8-year history of recurrent bilateral pleural effusions, a benign lymphangioma of the thoracic duct was diagnosed and successfully treated by ligation of the duct, resection of the tumour and simultaneous decortication of the right pleural space and lung. This observation supports surgical intervention in this condition even in patients of advanced age.
Aged↗
Measurement of cerebral blood flow and volume with positron emission tomography during isoflurane administration in the hypocapnic baboon.
Using positron emission tomography, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral blood volume (CBV) were measured after the addition of isoflurane (1.3 vols %, end-tidal concentration) to neuroleptanesthesia (fentanyl/droperidol) in hypocapnic baboons. The study was designed to determine whether isoflurane, when administered during hypocapnia, acted as a cerebral vasodilator to increase either CBF or CBV. Mean arterial pressure was maintained within 10% of preisoflurane levels with an angiotensin infusion. In the first protocol (A), CBF and CBV were measured as close together in time as possible in order to detect divergent effects of isoflurane on these variables. When PaCO2 was reduced from 40 mmHg to 25 mmHg, CBF decreased from 44 +/- 4 to 31 +/- 4 ml.100 g-1.min-1 (P less than 0.05) and CBV decreased from 3.1 +/- 0.3 to 2.6 +/- 0.3 ml/100 g (P less than .05). Neither CBF nor CBV was significantly changed by the addition of isoflurane. In the second protocol (B), serial CBV scans were performed frequently during the addition of isoflurane in a fashion designed to detect transient changes in CBV at the time isoflurane was first added to the breathing circuit. Induction of hypocapnia again reduced CBV from 3.1 +/- .3 to 2.7 +/- .2 ml/100 g, (P less than .05) and addition of isoflurane did not change CBV. From these results the authors conclude that in the normal hypocapnic baboon the addition of 1.3% isoflurane does not significantly change cerebral blood flow or volume.
Animals↗
End-stage fibrosis of the lateral rectus muscle in myopia with esotropia. An ultrastructural study.
The fibrotic lateral rectus muscle and the medial rectus muscle of 4 patients with esotropia and myopia who underwent surgical correction were studied ultrastructurally. All patients revealed underactivity of the lateral rectus muscle. In 3 patients the underactive lateral rectus was completely fibrotic; in 1 patient there was 80% fibrosis, and the rest of the muscle showed different stages of degeneration. The fibrotic lateral recti were composed of collagen fibrils and remnants of degenerated organelles. The collagen fibrils of the lateral recti were of different sizes, and the mean diameter varied from 65 to 92 nm. On the other hand, the interstitial collagen fibrils of nonfibrotic medial rectus muscles of these patients and also of control muscles showed less variation in size, and the mean diameter was smaller as compared with the fibrotic lateral rectus. It is suggested that the collagen fibrils that compose the fibrotic lateral rectus muscle probably develop under conditions which differ from the normal development of collagen fibrils.
Adult↗
Massive fibrosis of extraocular muscles related to intraocular tumor.
A resin histological and ultrastructural study of 9 fibrotic extraocular muscles from 2 patients who underwent enucleation because of advanced intraocular malignant melanoma is reported. Total fibrosis of the extraocular muscles was evident in one case and extensive fibrosis in the other case. The patients did not suffer from congenital fibrosis syndrome. Ultrastructurally, the muscle tissue was replaced by collagen fibrils showing great variability of caliber.
Choroid Neoplasms↗
Functional PET scanning in the assessment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Case report.
A case is presented which represents the first instance of the use of functional positron emission tomography (PET) scanning to precisely localize a structural brain lesion to the precentral gyrus, and the first validation of functional PET scanning by intraoperative cortical mapping. The lesion was a 3-cm arteriovenous malformation (AVM) that had produced a generalized seizure in an otherwise asymptomatic young woman. A first, resting H2(15)O PET scan identified the AVM. A second PET scan, performed during vibrotactile stimulation of the contralateral hand, identified the somatosensory area of the hand region and localized the AVM to that part of the precentral gyrus immediately in front of it. This relationship and localization were confirmed by cortical mapping at the time of craniotomy under local anesthesia. Functional PET scanning may prove to be useful to localize cortical lesions precisely and to help in determining preoperatively the best form of treatment for lesions, especially AVM's, in functionally important cortex.
Adult↗
Effects of gastrin and secretin on intestinal calcium absorption in the rat.
We studied the effect of physiological and supraphysiological plasma levels of gastrin and secretin on duodenal calcium absorption (CaA) in the growing rat. During infusion of either synthetic human gastrin 17 I (0.05, 0.1 or 0.25 micrograms/kg BW h, i.v.), synthetic porcine secretion (0.06, 0.125 or 0.25 CU/kg BW h, i.v.) in vehicle (0.15% BSA in saline), or vehicle alone, duodenal lumen-to-plasma flux, plasma-to-lumen flux and the net absorption of calcium were determined by in situ perfusion. While plasma gastrin- or secretin-like immunoreactivity rose to postprandial-like levels with increasing infusion doses, the bidirectional Ca fluxes, serum Ca, parathyroid hormone and concomitant urinary Ca excretion were not changed by any hormone infusion as compared with rats receiving intravenous vehicle only. We conclude that a physiological short-term regulating role of these hormones in duodenal CaA is unlikely in the growing rat.
Animals↗
Irregular elastase complexes: crystallographic and molecular dynamics studies of small inhibitors and water.
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Chemical Phenomena↗
[Effects of Botulinum A Toxin on the periurethral striated sphincter of the neurogenic bladder. Preliminary study].
The goal of this study was to try to determine the effects of the Botulinum A Toxin on the spasticity of the rhabdosphincter in 9 men with spinal cord injury and detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia. The cystometrography, before and after the endoscopic injection of 100 units of Botulinum A Toxin, consisted of recording the bladder, urethral and rectal pressures with microtip transducers the anatomical position of which was radiographically controlled. The subjective and objective results of that study allow us to conclude that the Botulinum A Toxin has a place in the treatment of spinal injuries with detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia. Due to his blocking effect on the release of acetylcholine in the motor nerve endings, the Botulinum A Toxin suppresses or decreases the spasticity of the rhabdosphincter and improves voiding. Although its relatively short living action (2-3 months) may require renewed injections, it has the advantage to hold off a surgical treatment such as a sphincterotomy and to give the patient another chance to reach a balanced bladder function secondary to the postinjection changes of reflexes which may have taken place between the bladder and the rhabdosphincter and vice versa.
Botulinum Toxins↗
[Interstitial cancerous lung diseases. Lymphangiosis carcinomatosa and leukemic pulmonary infiltrates].
The radiological findings in pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis and in leukemic pulmonary infiltrates mirror the tumor-dependent monomorphic interstitial pathology of lung parenchyma. It is a proven fact that pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis is caused by hematogenous tumor embolization to the lungs; pathogenesis by contiguous lymphangitic spread is the exception. High-resolution CT performed as a supplement to the radiological work-up improves the sensitivity for pulmonary infiltrates in general and thus makes the differential diagnosis decided easier. Radiological criteria cannot discriminate the different forms of leukemia. Plain chest X-ray allows the diagnosis of pulmonary involvement in leukemia due to tumorous infiltrates and of tumor- or therapy-induced complications. It is essential that the radiological findings be interpreted with reference to the stage of tumor disease and the clinical parameters to make the radiological differential diagnosis of opportunistic infections more reliable.
Humans↗