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Biomedical subjects

E Martin

Publications and source records attributed to E Martin.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Gastric tonometry: effect of sucralfate on calculated intramural pH.

Tonometric measurement of gastric intramural pH (pHi) is a noninvasive method to assess adequacy of splanchnic perfusion. Calculation of pHi may be influenced by various factors. This prospective study was designed to determine if stress ulcer prophylaxis with sucralfate interferes with pHi measurement. Twenty-five adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) after open heart surgery were studied. Nasogastric tonometers were placed. Patients received sucralfate 1 g via the nasogastric tube 8 hours after termination of surgery, thereafter every 6 hrs. Gastric luminal pH and intramural pH were determined immediately prior and 1 hour after the first sucralfate administration. Gastric intramural pH was calculated from the arterial HCO3- concentration and the tonometrically determined intraluminal PCO2 value using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Intraluminal PCO2(ss) was measured to 6.86 +/- 0.75 kPa prior to sucralfate administration as compared to 6.96 +/- 0.68 kPa 1 hour after 1 g sucralfate (P = 0.92). Intramural pH, as calculated by tonometry, was 7.31 +/- 0.05 vs 7.31 +/- 0.05, and was thus not influenced by sucralfate administration (P = 0.97). Mean gastric intraluminal juice pH was 4.2 +/- 1.3 compared to 4.2 +/- 1.2 (P = 0.59). These data suggest that sucralfate does not interfere with tonometrically determined intraluminal PCO2 measurement and calculation of gastric intramural pH.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

The development of the genital peritoneum in domestic mammals. An analysis of the literature and nomenclature.

This review presents and discusses the reasons for the currently employed anatomical terminology relating to the genital peritoneum of various domestic species, based upon its prenatal development. When reviewing the development of genital organs, attention must be paid to changes in the related peritoneum in order to define currently used terminology more clearly. The relevance of some terms such as Caudal genital ligament, Plica gubernaculi, Plica iguinalis and genital fold is considered. A system of serosal folds, the Plica gonadoinguinalis or genitoinguinalis, seems to be a useful term to be added to the Nomina Embryologica Veterinaria.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

A standard water provocative test for dogs anaesthetized with acepromazine-ketamine.

Administration of 60 ml/kg of water to anaesthetized dogs increased intraocular pressure; this reached its maximum at 15 min after ingestion, except in young dogs, whose maximum was attained at 10 min. Pressure fell back close to original levels by 60 min. Pressure increases in females and young dogs were greater than those of males and adults, respectively.

Acepromazine↗
PubMed1995

In vitro interactions between different beta-lactam antibiotics and fosfomycin against bloodstream isolates of enterococci.

The effects of 16 different beta-lactam-fosfomycin combinations against 50 bloodstream enterococci were compared by a disk diffusion technique. Cefotaxime exhibited the best interaction. By checkerboard studies, the cefotaxime-fosfomycin combination provided a synergistic bacteriostatic effect against 45 of the 50 isolates (MIC of cefotaxime at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited, >2,048 micrograms/ml; MIC of fosfomycin at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited, 128 micrograms/ml; mean of fractional inhibitory concentration indexes, 0.195). By killing curves, cefotaxime (at 64 micrograms/ml) combined with fosfomycin (at > or = 64 micrograms/ml) was bactericidal against 6 of 10 strains tested.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1995

Complement-independent binding of microorganisms to primate erythrocytes in vitro by cross-linked monoclonal antibodies via complement receptor 1.

Under certain circumstances, soluble antigens, particulate antigens, and/or microorganisms have been shown to bind to primate erythrocytes via complement receptor 1 (CR1) in the presence of specific antibodies and complement. This immune adherence reaction, specific for CR1, can lead to neutralization of antigens in the circulation and their subsequent clearance from the blood. The present experiments utilized cross-linked monoclonal antibody complexes (heteropolymers) with specificity for both CR1 and either 35S-labeled herpes simplex virus capsid or Haemophilus influenzae as prototype viral and bacterial particulate antigens, respectively. In each case, the respective specific heteropolymers facilitated binding of the target antigens (> or = 70 to 90%) in vitro to erythrocytes in the absence of complement. Several experimental protocols were employed to demonstrate that heteropolymers mediate specific, rapid (> or = 30 s), and quantitative binding of prototypical particulate pathogens to human and monkey erythrocytes but not to sheep erythrocytes, which lack CR1. These results extend the potential use of the erythrocyte-heteropolymer system to the neutralization and clearance of particulate viral and bacterial pathogens from the blood.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Susceptibility testing of Candida albicans and Aspergillus species by a simple microtiter menadione-augmented 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay.

We describe a simple microtiter method for determining the susceptibility of Candida albicans and hyphal forms of Aspergillus fumigatus against antifungal agents. The assay measures mitochondrial respiration by determining reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) to formazan, a process that is enhanced in the presence of menadione. C. albicans or conidial suspensions of A. fumigatus are seeded into microtiter plates. Hyphal outgrowth of Aspergillus spp. was achieved by a 12 to 14-h culture at 30 degrees C. Antifungal agents (amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole) were added to the cultures for 24 h. Thereafter, incubations were continued for 3 h in the presence of MTT plus 0.1 mM menadione. Formazan formation was quantified photometrically after extraction of the formazan with acid isopropanol. Well-defined dose-response curves reflecting impairment of mitochondrial function by the antifungal agents were obtained. With C. albicans, the results correlated excellently with the MIC determinations performed according to the standard macrodilution procedure. In confirmation of a recent report, it was found that fluconazole was unable to exert its fungistatic action on a sensitive C. albicans strain in the presence of serum. The presented method can easily be integrated in the standard repertoire of a diagnostic microbiology laboratory and should prove useful as a means to assess the antifungal action of various agents on yeasts and filamentous fungi in the presence and absence of serum proteins or body fluids.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1995

Magnetic resonance imaging of brain edema in the neonatal rat: a comparison of short and long term hypoxia-ischemia.

Diffusion-weighted and transversal relaxation time (T2)-weighted magnetic resonance imaging were used to study the relationship between the duration of hypoxia-ischemia [unilateral common carotid artery (CCA) ligation and exposure to 8% oxygen] and the in vivo visualization of brain edema in 7-d-old rats. After CCA ligation, 35 animals were divided into five groups according to the length of exposure to 8% oxygen: no exposure (n = 9), 15 min (n = 12), 30 min (n = 5), and 1 h (n = 9) exposure; six animals served as controls. Diffusion weighted images were acquired 2 h after the hypoxic-ischemic insult, sequential T2 weighted images were recorded for up to 7 d and the outcome was documented by histologic examination at 21 d. The apparent diffusion coefficient of water in the ipsilateral cortex was significantly decreased in all animals recovering from prolonged hypoxic-ischemic insult (30 min and longer), whereas this was the case in only 40% of animals exposed to 15 min of hypoxia. Moreover, T2 prolongation of brain tissue occurred only in the former group. These results indicate transient and reversible alterations of physiologic water compartmentation for short term hypoxia-ischemia, but irreversible edema formation for long term hypoxia-ischemia. They support the hypothesis that the duration of hypoxia-ischemia determines whether a vasogenic edema and infarction follows the initial cytotoxic edema.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Safety and effectiveness of an oral premedication regimen before cardiac surgery.

Thirty-five adult cardiac surgical patients received 20 mg dipotassium clorazepate orally the evening before surgery and 2 mg flunitrazepam 60 min before induction of anaesthesia. If anaesthesia was to be induced after 08.30 hours patients received an additional 20 mg dipotassium clorazepate at 06.15 hours. The following measurements were made: peripheral arterial oxygen saturation (Spo2) breathing room air; anxiety by visual analogue scale; degree of sedation; and haemodynamic variables. Mean (Spo2) was 95.9% (SD 1.8%) on the day before surgery and 95.4% (SD 1.5%) on arrival at the operating room. When the operation started after 08.30 hours, mean (Spo2) at 09.00 hours was 96.0% (SD 1.4%). There were no detected episodes of hypoxaemia after premedication. Mean anxiety score decreased significantly from 3.9 (SD 2.6) on the day before surgery to 3.3 (SD 2.1) on arrival at the operating room (patients' score; P < 0.002) and from 4.6 (SD 2.4) to 3.3 (SD 2.0) (anaesthesiologists' score; P < 0.001). Nearly all patients were considered well sedated, which was reflected by normal haemodynamic variables on arrival at the operating room. The combination of clorazepate and flunitrazepam is effective oral premedication for adult cardiac surgery, causing no obvious desaturation even when supplemental oxygen is not given.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1995

[Adenocarcinoma of Brunner's glands: an entity exceptionally described. Report of a case].

The authors report two cases of adenocarcinoma arising from Brünner's glands. The diagnosis was made on histological, histochemical and lectin-histochemical grounds. Brünner's glands carcinoma cells were alike and located very close to normal Brünner's glands. Brünner's glands carcinoma cells contained neutral glycoproteins and were positive for Concanavalin A.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

[Successful use of a heparinoid (danaparoid sodium) for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia type II in aortic valve reoperation].

The 29-year-old, heroin-addicted patient received an aortic valve prosthesis (SJM) 10 years ago because of aortic valve stenosis III. One year after surgical treatment he refused to take Phenprocoumon and thus received no anticoagulation for 9 years. The patient was hospitalized due to cardial decompensation and thrombosis of the aortic valve prosthesis was diagnosed. Under heparinization, he developed heparin-induced thrombocytopenia type II, which disappeared after changing the medication to Danaparoid-Sodium. In order to avoid any further heparin exposure, we also carried out the surgical replacement of the aortic valve prosthesis under anticoagulation with Danaparoid-Sodium.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Comparative effects of atracurium and vecuronium on intraocular pressure.

The non-depolarising muscle relaxants atracurium and vecuronium have been found to exert variable effects on intraocular pressure (IOP). The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of atracurium and vecuronium on IOP under standardized clinical conditions. A total of 40 patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery were randomly allocated to 2 study groups. Following oral premedication with dipotassium clorazepate (0.3 mg/kg), anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone (3-4 mg/kg) and alfentanil (15 micrograms/kg). Muscle relaxation was provided according to randomisation, with patients in group 1 receiving 0.3 mg/kg atracurium and patients in group 2 0.07 mg/kg vecuronium. Anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane (0.5-0.8 vol%) and 70% nitrous oxide in oxygen. The trachea was intubated 4 min after induction and muscle relaxation. A total of nine measurements of IOP were taken in each patient, starting before premedication and ending 5 min after endotracheal intubation. In both groups, there was a significant decrease in IOP after induction of anaesthesia with thiopentone, alfentanil, and atracurium or vecuronium. No difference in IOP was found between the groups. We conclude that both muscle relaxants can be given when increases in IOP have to be avoided.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Telepathology in France. Justifications and developments.

Since 1985, the French National Association ADICAP (Association for the promotion of computer use in Cytology and Anatomic Pathology) has been active in the creation a microscope workstation for developing a bank of digitized images to be used for diagnostic and educational purposes. In 1989 one of the authors (P. Dusserre) has created a first telepathology network using this workstation. Since then, 32 workstations have been set up in private and public Departments of Pathology. Two of them are located overseas, in the Martinique and Guadeloupe islands. In this paper, the authors describe this system, called Transpath, which is a multi-purpose and modulable workstation. 3-years experience and several accuracy tests have shown that the quality of transmitted images ensure a reliable diagnosis in more than 95% of cases. It has been decided to extend this service to other French overseas territories and to develop a group of experts. The images bank will also be developed and recorded on CD-ROM. The authors intend to participate in a future European project (PILOT project, i.e. Pathology International and Local Operational Telematics), with the purpose of establishing real intercommunication between European and other networks on a worldwide basis.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1995

[Reliability of the anatomopathological diagnosis by static image transfer].

50 hepatic biopsies and 50 prostatic biopsies were submitted for diagnostic to an expert by the mean of static images previously digitalized by a consulting pathologist. Accuracy of diagnosis was obtained in 2 minutes with 4 images in 86% of cases. Additional data such as new images, several power fields, permitted accuracy of diagnosis in 98% of the cases. The experiences showed clearly that the quality of the transferred static images is sufficient to allow diagnoses. It pointed out the importance of the different actors involved in the consultation. It illustrates the possible use of this system as a training tool.

Female↗