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Biomedical subjects

E Martín

Publications and source records attributed to E Martín.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo of the horizontal canal: A multicenter study].

OBJECTIVE: BPPV localized in the horizontal semicircular canal is an infrequent entity. Nowadays there are controversies about the different treatments available. The objective of this study is to present our results. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A multicenter and retrospective study was performed in 31 patients diagnosed of BPPV-HSC between January 1996 and May 2004. RESULTS: cupulolithiasis was diagnosed in 48% on the patients. Symptoms disappeared before signs (p<0.05). Global cure rate was 85%, while relapses were 16% at one year. No relations were found between cure rate and relapses and age, gender, duration of symptoms, canalithiasis and cupulolithiasis. CONCLUSION: Our results support that there are not differences between the treatments performed in the BPPV-HSC. Symptoms disappeared before signs when canalith repositioning particles (CRP) maneuver was performed.

Female↗
PubMed2006

Immediate hypersensitivity reactions to penicillins and other betalactams.

Immediate hypersensitivity reactions to betalactams are IgE mediated and constitute the most frequent allergic reactions mediated by specific immunological mechanisms. IgE responses to benzyl penicillin (BP), the first antibiotic producing the benzyl penicilloyl structure (BPO), are characterized by a quick release of inflammatory mediators, resulting in anaphylactic shock, urticaria and angioedema. With the progressive appearance of other structures, comprising cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams and clavulanic acid, IgE selective responses and cross-reactivity reactions were observed. The diagnosis of betalactam hypersensitivity, classically based on skin testing with major and minor determinants of benzyl penicillin or in vitro IgE antibodies to BP, has been modified by the inclusion of different determinants generated from these compounds, for which amoxicillin (AX) is the most relevant, followed by cephalosporins. Some subjects develop positive responses to several betalactams, mostly within the same family, but others develop a selective response. These are relevant for the appropriate selection of antimicrobial drugs in patients who have immediate hypersensitivity to betalactams.

Drug Hypersensitivity↗
PubMed2005

Anisakis simplex allergy: a murine model of anaphylaxis induced by parasitic proteins displays a mixed Th1/Th2 pattern.

The study of the singular hypersensitivity reactions to Anisakis simplex (A.s) proteins, may help us to undestand many of the unknown immune interactions between helmiths infections and allergy. We have developed a murine model of allergy to A. simplex, that mimics human A. simplex allergy to study the specific aspects of anaphylaxis induced by parasites. Male C3H/HeJ mice were intraperitoneally sensitized to A. simplex. Mice were then intravenous or orally challenged with A. simplex. Antigen-specific immunoglobulins, polyclonal IgE, anaphylactic symptoms, plasma histamine levels and cytokine profiles were determined. Comparative IgE immunoblot analyses were also performed. Specific IgE, IgG(1) and IgG(2a) were detected in sensitized mice since week 3. Polyclonal IgE raised and peaked with different kinetics. Intravenous A. simplex challenge produced anaphylaxis in mice, accompanied by plasma histamine release. Oral A. simplex challenge in similarly sensitized mice did not caused symptoms nor histamine release. Numerous A. simplex allergens were recognized by sensitized mouse sera, some of them similar to human serum. The A. simplex stimulated splenocytes released IL-10, IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-13 and IL-5. We describe a new animal model of anaphylaxis. It exhibits characteristics of type I hypersensitivity reactions to Anisakis simplex similar to those observed in allergic humans. Different responses to i.v. or oral A. simplex challenges emerged, which did not reflect a window tolerization period. The cytokine profile developed (mixed Th(1)/Th(2) pattern) differed from the observed in classical models of anaphylaxis or allergy to food antigens. This model may permit to investigate the peculiar allergic reactions to parasitic proteins.

Allergens↗
PubMed2005

[Opinion survey on renal donation from living donor].

Spain is the leader country in cadaver kidney transplantation. However the percentage of those transplants coming from living donors represents only a 2% of the total activity. To analyze the cause of this situation the Spanish Society of Nephrology and the National Transplant Organization carried out an opinion pole between patients and health professionals including nephrologists, surgeons/urologists and nurses implicated in kidney transplantation. 60% out the patients consider that the time into the waiting list is to long and 59% don't have any information about living donor kidney transplantation. All the health professionals believe that living donor share better results than get cadaver donors and that the number of the procedure are not enough. Considering that scarcely motivation of professionals and the family of the patients are the main cause. Parents, brothers and sister were considered the best match between donor and recipients and non genetically/emotionally-related donors were accepted by only 2.5%. A 55.7% out of the health professionals considered that the nephrologists are the people that must inform the patients and family about living kidney donation.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Antibiotic resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Spain: trends over the last two decades.

In vitro activities of six antimicrobial agents against 2966 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, isolated in Spain between 1983 and 2001, were determined. The percentages of intermediately susceptible and resistant isolates to penicillin (MIC > or = 0.12 mg/L) and tetracycline (MIC > or = 0.5 mg/L) were very high over the period of study. Strains intermediately susceptible to cefoxitin were identified at a variable percentage during the study. All N. gonorrhoeae isolates were susceptible to spectinomycin and ceftriaxone. Recently, resistance to ciprofloxacin has emerged.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2003

Role of lamivudine in the reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection in immunodepressed patients.

INTRODUCTION: hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in immunocompromised states is a well-known event that may be a serious problem in endemic areas of infection. Presently, the investigation of hepatitis B status has been recommended prior to receiving cytotoxic treatment. Lamivudine has been used in the reactivation of HBV in immunocompromised states. We report our corresponding data for lamivudine in the treatment of HBV reactivation after intensive chemotherapy in patients with lymphoma and after kidney transplantation. CLINICAL OBSERVATION: we present two cases of HBV reactivation after chemotherapy for lymphoma and two cases after cadaveric renal transplantation treated with lamivudine (100-150 mg/day). RESULTS: we observed a prompt clinical improvement in all patients after lamivudine treatment. Furthermore, laboratory data showed a rapid biochemical and antiviral response. However, the response in lymphoma patients was quicker than in patients who had post-transplantation reactivation of HBV. Therapy was well tolerated and no relevant side effects appeared during follow-up (twenty four months). The HBV remained negative in three cases. CONCLUSION: lamivudine is effective and safe in the treatment of HBV reactivation in immunodepressed patients. Lamivudine therapy should be considered for the treatment of HBV reactivation in patients with prior hepatitis B or chronic hepatitis B with inactive viral replication.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

FDE to macrolides.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2001

Muscarinic receptor subtypes and calcium signaling in Fischer rat thyroid cells.

A specific and saturable binding site for [3H]N-methyl-scopolamine ([3H]NMS) was observed in plasma membrane of Fischer rat thyroid (FRT) cells with an equilibrium dissociation constant (K(d)) of 0.11 +/- 0.02 nM and a concentration of receptor sites (B(max)) of 14.1 +/- 3.9 fmol/mg protein. Pharmacological characterization of this binding site using pirenzepine, himbacine, (11(2-diethyl-amino)methyl)-1-piperidinylacetyl-5-11-dihydro-6H-pyrido(14) benzodiazepine (AF-DX 116), dicyclomine, 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide (4-DAMP), and hexahydro-sila-difenidol (HHSD) showed clear differences, in terms of affinities, between these muscarinic receptor antagonists. The order of potency for inhibiting [3H]NMS binding was HHSD = dicyclomine > 4-DAMP > pirenzepine = himbacine > AF-DX 116. These findings suggest that the muscarinic receptors found in FRT cells belong to the M3 subtype. Stimulation of FRT cells with carbachol produced a biphasic and dose-dependent increase in the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), which was blocked in pretreated cells with atropine and almost abolished by a low concentration of 4-DAMP and HHSD. Removal of extracellular Ca2+ from the incubation medium reduced the initial transient peak and completely abolished the plateau phase, while the transient phase was markedly reduced by the phospholipase C inhibitor U73122. These data indicate that [Ca2+]i results from both Ca2+ influx across Ca2+ channels and mobilization of Ca2+ from intracellular Ca2+ stores. The present data showed the presence of the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype in plasma membrane of FRT cells, which may influence cellular function via modulation of [Ca2+]i.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Effects of P5, a novel oxazolo(3,2-a)pyridine derivative with a long-acting antihypertensive activity, on different agonist-mediated pressor responses in pithed rats.

1. An oxazolo(3,2-a)pyridine derivative P5, described chemically as (+/-)-ethyl-7-(3-nitrophenyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-6-methoxycarbonyl-2,3,8,8a-tetrahydro-7H-oxazolo[3,2-a]pyridin-8-carboxylate, is a novel compound that has been synthesized as a possible antihypertensive prodrug of the 1,4-dihydropyridine type. Its antihypertensive activity was described in a previous study by the authors (Morán, Martin, Velasco, Martin, San Roman, Caballero, Puebla, Medarde & San Feliciano, 1997). 2. The aim of this work was to establish in vivo, the possible mechanisms participating in this antihypertensive action. Accordingly, we examined the effect of P5 on the pressor responses induced in pithed rats by noradrenaline (an alpha1-, alpha2- and beta-adrenoceptor agonist), xylazine (an alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist), methoxamine (an alpha1-adrenoceptor agonist), angiotensin I, angiotensin II, L-NAME (a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) and BayK 8644 (a calcium channel agonist) and compared them with those of nifedipine, used as the reference drug. 3 Intravenous (i.v.) administration of P5 (2.5-10 mg kg(-1)) inhibited the pressor responses to noradrenaline (1 microg kg(-1)), xylazine (80 microg kg(-1)), angiotensin I (0.5 microg kg(-1)), angiotensin II (0.5 microg kg(-1)), BayK 8644 (30 microg kg(-1)) and L-NAME (10 mg kg(-1)). Nifedipine (10 microg kg(-1), i.v.) reduced the pressor responses to all these agonists and also to methoxamine (2 microg kg(-1)). 4. However, P5 was more effective than nifedipine in inhibiting these responses and its inhibitory effect lasted longer. Intravenous infusion of calcium gluconate (1 ml kg(-1) min(-1)) reversed the reduction in the pressor responses as a result of nifedipine. The effects of P5 were only reversed at 2-3 h after administration. 5 These results suggest that P5 has a strong capacity to inhibit the pressor responses to several agonists after its i.v. administration and that such effects are related to its potent antihypertensive activity.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
PubMed2001

Effects of sevoflurane, isoflurane and halotane anaesthesia on fluorescein angiographic phases of dogs: a comparative study.

A fluorescein angiography method was developed to compare the onset and the total duration of the fluorangiographic phases between three anaesthetic protocols in six healthy mixed-breed dogs. The animals were anaesthetized three times. Each dog received, as pre-anaesthetic protocol, atropine (10 micrograms/kg intramuscularly), and as a sedative, romifidine (80 micrograms/kg intravenously). Fifteen minutes later, induction of anaesthesia was delivered with propofol (1 mg/kg intravenously) and maintained either with sevoflurane (SEVO group), isoflurane (ISO group) or halothane (HAL group) for 30 min in all cases. Some angiographic, cardiovascular and respiratory variables were registered during the procedure. Recovery times were also registered. Angiographic variables recorded were: onset of the arterial phase (TA), onset of the arteriovenous phase (TAV), onset of the venous phase (TV), complete arterial phase duration (I1), complete arteriovenous phase duration (I2) and I1 plus I2 (I3). Mean heart rate, mean arterial pressure, systolic arterial pressure, diastolic arterial pressure, respiratory rate, tidal volume, arterial oxygen saturation and end-tidal CO2 during SEVO and ISO anaesthesia, were similar in dogs. Minute ventilation and rectal temperature were higher in dogs with SEVO than ISO. HAL produced higher arterial pressures and a lower arterial oxygen saturation than ISO and SEVO. Mean respiratory rate, rectal temperature and minute ventilation were higher in HAL. Pulse rate, end-tidal CO2 and tidal volume were similar in the dogs of the three groups. No differences in recovery times were found. The fluorescein angiographic times were within the normal range. There were no significant differences between protocols in I1, I2 or I3. HAL produced a significant increase of all temporal variables (TA, TAV and TV) when compared with ISO; TA was higher in HAL than SEVO-treated dogs. All protocols appear to be safe and effective for inducing and maintaining general anaesthesia in healthy dogs for performing fluorescein angiography.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed2001

Cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in rats that underwent colocystoplasty: experimental study.

PURPOSE: Cyclophosphamide and its derivatives induce hemorrhagic cystitis. A substantial number of patients receive bladder augmentation or replacements using bowel. If patients who have undergone colocystoplasty need treatment with cyclophosphamide before or after the operation, does hemorrhagic cystitis develop? We evaluated the histological changes produced in the colon wall and bladder related to cyclophosphamide and its derivatives in rats that underwent colocystoplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats of each sex were grouped according to whether they received a single 200 mg./kg. dose of cyclophosphamide, underwent colocystoplasty, underwent each technique or served as controls. The technique of colocystoplasty was the same in all groups. Results were analyzed according to previously reported criteria, by the gross appearance of the bladder and colon segment used for colocystoplasty, and by histological changes. RESULTS: Two weeks after surgery colocystoplasty had not resulted in secondary changes in the implanted colon segment or original bladder, while there were only nonspecific changes of an inflammatory type in the anastomotic area. After cyclophosphamide administration the animals lost considerable weight and in the bladder area we observed hemorrhagic cystitis that was greater in males than in females, and greater in isolated bladder than when the bladder was sutured to the colon segment. In the colon there was no inflammation or hemorrhage damage of the hemorrhagic cystitis type in the bladder. A total of 12 days after colocystoplasty there were no secondary histological changes except in the anastomotic area. A single 200 mg./kg. dose of cyclophosphamide caused substantial weight loss and hemorrhagic cystitis. Cystitis was quantitatively greater in males than in females and greater in isolated bladder than in bladder anastomosed to the colon. CONCLUSIONS: Administering a single dose of cyclophosphamide did not result in lesions in the colon segment used for colocystoplasty analogous to those of the bladder, such as hemorrhagic cystitis.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed2001

In vitro activities of 10 antifungal drugs against 508 dermatophyte strains.

We have tested 508 strains belonging to 24 species of dermatophytes against 10 antifungal drugs following mainly the NCCLS (M38-P) standard for filamentous fungi. However, several important factors, such as the temperature (28 versus 35 degrees C) and time of incubation (4 to 10 days versus 21 to 74 h), have been modified. The antifungals used were itraconazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, clotrimazole, voriconazole, terbinafine, amphotericin B, fluconazole, UR-9825, and G-1. In general, with the exception of fluconazole and G-1, all antifungals were shown to be highly effective.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed2000

Use of partial least-squares regression for multicomponent determinations based on kinetic spectrofluorimetric data. Simultaneous determination of canrenone and spironolactone in urine.

A new spectrofluorimetric method for the simultaneous determination of canrenone and spironolactone in urine is proposed. The method is based on the different rates at which the two analytes react with hot sulfuric acid to form a trienone. The kinetic spectrofluorimetric data are processed by partial least-squares regression. The effects of sulfuric acid concentration and temperature on the system under study were also evaluated and the optimum values for carring out the reaction were 50% and 50 degrees C, respectively. The method was checked by analyzing urine samples that they contained both diuretics. The accuracy and the precision of the method were tested. The relative standard errors in the quantification of each analyte in all tested samples were 3.69 and 3.59%. The proposed method was validated by comparison with a high performance liquid chromatographic method for urine samples.

Canrenone↗