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Biomedical subjects

E M Shelukhina

Publications and source records attributed to E M Shelukhina.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Expert research on sera yielding false-positive results for HIV antibodies during screening].

The significance of different serological methods and assay systems for the verification of false positive cases of HIV infection has been analyzed on the basis of materials obtained in arbitration studies. As demonstrated by this analysis, the use of such highly specific and sensitive systems as Huma-Lab, Enzygnost, Serodia and Erythrorecombinant has made it possible to obtain a reliable result as early as at the first stage of expert diagnosis in the enzyme immunoassay and the agglutination test. The methods of radioimmunoprecipitation and indirect immunofluorescence have permitted a more precise differentiation of doubtful results than that achieved by immune blotting.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1979

Monkeypox virus as a source of whitepox viruses.

Monkeypox virus cloning and isolation of the so-called 'white' clones from white pocks which this virus forms on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) were carried out. The isolated clones were stable and differed considerably from the parental strain. By their properties, they were identical to whitepox viruses formerly isolated from wildlife monkeys and rodents in Equatorial Africa. Besides stable 'white' clones, a number of virus cultures in the process of cloning were obtained which differed in quantitative content of virions, forming on CAM white pocks and pocks with hemorrhages. It appeared that the properties of the viral population as a whole (reaction type on rabbit skin, hemagglutination activity, etc.) depended on the rate of virions produced with different characteristics.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Variola virus strains of 1960--1975: the range of intraspecies variability and relationship between properties and geographic origin.

A comparative study of 61 variola virus strains recovered from patients in various geographic regions of the world revealed significant intraspecies variability in some biological properties, established the range of this variability and demonstrated the existence of strains with atypical properties. There was a certain correlation between some laboratory markers of variola virus and the degree of its pathogenicity for man. The prevalence of more virulent and thermoresistant strains in the Hindustan subcontinent and the peculiarity and heterogeneity of the strains circulating in Africa were demonstrated. Alastrim virus was detected among the African isolates.

Africa↗
PubMed1978

Identification and study of a poxvirus isolated from wild rodents in Turkmenia.

A new poxvirus was isolated in 1974 from the kidney of a wild big gerbil (Rhombomys opimus) caught in Turkmenia, where these gerbils are wide-spread. The virus resembles cowpox virus and is markedly different from the virus of infectious ectromelia, the best-known poxvirus of rodents. The new virus is apparently identical to other poxvirus isolates made from white rats and Felidae in the Moscow Zoo. Experimental inoculation of the natural hosts--big gerbils and yellow susliks (Citellus fulvus)--produced a severe infection with a high mortality rate. Trnasmission of virus to uninoculated cage mates was shown to occur. Virus persisted in convalescent animals and was present in urine 3 weeks after inoculation and in kidney and testis for at least 5 weeks after inoculation. The role of rodents as natural hosts of poxviruses is discussed.

Animal Population Groups↗
PubMed1978

Pox infection in white rats.

2 pox outbreaks among white rats in a breeding colony are described. The infection occurred in 3 different forms: pulmonary, dermal and mixed. Apparently healthy animals appeared to be virus carriers. The virus isolated belonged to the genus Orthopoxvirus of Poxviridae family, and was very close to cowpox virus. It differed from reference strains of cowpox virus in having a lower ceiling temperature and a higher pathogenicity for white rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

An antigenically atypical strain of variola virus.

The Kuwait-5-67 strain of variola virus, although indistinguishable from variola virus in its other properties, behaved atypically in immuno-diffusion tests with antivaccinia serum. The precipitation line pattern produced was similar to that of cowpox virus but lacked one of the main precipitation bands given by all other strains of variola, alastrim and vaccinia viruses tested. Trypsin treatment of cowpox virus preparations revealed the missing precipitation line but did not do so with the Kuwait-5-67 strain. The antivaccinia serum absorbed by Kuwait-5-67 strain lost its ability to interact with this strain, but still gave precipitation lines with variola, vaccinia and cowpox viruses.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1976

[Use of the passive hemaglutination reactions for the determination of anti-smallpox antibodies in primary vaccination and revaccination against smallpox].

The authors present the results of studying the PHAT sensitivity in comparison with the neutralization test and the hemagglutination inhibition test in examination of 254 sera of revaccinated and 95 sera of primarily vaccinated children. It appeared that PHAT was characterized by a sufficiently high sensitivity, and reproducibility, in case the same batch of erythrocytic diagnostic agent was used; at the same time the test was simple, accessible, economic, and gave rapid results. This test can be used for assessment of the immunological efficacy of smallpox revaccination.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1976

"White-wild" (variola-like) poxvirus strains from rodents in Equatorial Africa.

Strains of variola-like virus were isolated from rodents, namely 1 each from Mastomys coucha (fam. Muridae) and Helioscorus rufobrachium (fam. Sciuridae) in the Bumba zone of the Equatorial province of the Zaire Republic. Attempts to isolate the virus from 48 monkeys were negative. Neutralizing antibodies were found in 1 of 7 monkey (Cercopithecus ascanius schmidti) sera examined as well as in the serum of H. rufobrachium from which the virus was isolated.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Dynamics of the antismallpox antibodies detectable in the passive hemagglutination reaction with various animal immunization schemes].

Dynamics of accumulation and preservation of antibodies detectable in the PHAT (PHAT-AT) was studied on rabbits and guinea pigs with the use of various doses of the living inactivated virus and their combination in comparison with the virus-neutralizing antibodies, antihemagglutinins and precipitins. Accumulation of the virus-neutralizing antibodies did not coincide in time with the curve of the PHAT-AT accumulation; the titres of the virus-neutralizing antibodies were higher than the PHAT-AT titres. At the same time the percentage of seroconversions determined by PHAT was equal to 100 and the PHAT-AT level directly depended on the immunizing dose, the time of administration and the type of the antigen. On the basis of the data obtained PHAT could be recommended as a test for the assessment of the immunological efficacy of the smallpox vaccinations.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The isolation of HIV from children with the initial signs of an HIV infection and from symptom-free carriers].

A high rate of HIV carrier state was observed in seropositive children with early symptoms of HIV infection. The virus was also isolated from 2 seropositive adults (mothers) showing no clinical manifestations. The intervals of virus manifestation in culture varied from 6 to 30 days with maximal frequency of detection in the 2nd week. Different modifications of the procedure for HIV isolation were assayed, and it was shown that the efficacy of isolation (shortening of the period of virus detectability and increase in the number of the antigen-containing cells) could be improved by the addition to the culture of the Jurkat-tat III line expressing the product of the tat gene important for virus reproduction.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Results of examining wild monkeys for the presence of smallpox antibodies and smallpox group viruses].

The results of examinations of sera, blood and organs of different species of monkeys from some Asian and African countries for the presence of antibody to smallpox and viruses of the smallpox group. Significant titers of smallpox antibodies (antihemagglutinins virus-neutralizing and, in some cases, precipitating antibody) were found in a considerable number of monkeys shot near foci with human cases (Equatorial province of Zair Republic). In the same monkeys kidney tissues yielded 3 isolates of smallpox virus group two of which were indistinguishable in the laboratory tests from variola virus. On the basis of these data it is concluded that smallpox viruses circulate among wildlife monkeys in some areas of Equatorial Africa. Further studies along these lines are necessary.

Africa↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Possible mechanism of orthopoxvirus preservation in nature].

Until recently, virus carrier state in the absence of overt clinical infection has been known for only one species of orthopoxviruses, namely, ectromelia virus. The paper describes the results of the modelling of asypmtomatic infection caused by monkeypox, cowpox, and ratpox viruses. Persistence of these viruses up to 6 weeks in animals (hamsters, cotton and white rats) with experimental asymptomatic infection as well as in apparently normal naturally infected white rats was established by isolation of virus from the organs of these animals. These results suggest that asymptomatic virus carrier state may occur both with ectromelia and a number of other orthopoxviruses. The mechanism may be of ecological importance, providing for circulation of these viruses and their preservation as biological species in nature.

Animals↗