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Biomedical subjects

E M Shanahan

Publications and source records attributed to E M Shanahan.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

The teaching of occupational and environmental medicine to medical students in Australia and New Zealand.

All the medical schools in Australia and New Zealand were surveyed in order to determine the amount of teaching devoted to occupational and environmental medicine in the medical courses in 1998. A 100% response rate was achieved. The results showed that the number of hours devoted to these topics varied widely, but averaged 12.8 h and 10.5 topics. The most significant factor accounting for the variability was the presence on the universities' teaching staff of individuals trained in the practice of occupational medicine. While our findings show a greater time devoted to these topics than those of similar studies in the United States and Britain, the absolute time remains small when compared with the prevalence of occupational medicine problems in the community. There is little congruence in terms of both content and assessment processes between schools.

Australia↗
PubMed2000

Evaluation of patient partners in the teaching of the musculoskeletal examination.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate student preferences and examination outcomes of 2 different methods of teaching musculoskeletal (MSK) medicine examination techniques. METHODS: Year 2 students in a 4 year graduate medical school were randomized to 3 teaching groups: students in Group 1 were taught by rheumatology fellows, Group 2 by patient partners, while group 3 were randomly allocated to either patient partner (3A) or rheumatology trainee (3B) teaching. All students were debriefed at the end of each teaching block of 4 weeks for feedback on their teaching experience using a standardized questionnaire. In addition, at the end of the academic year, all students sat an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) in clinical skills that contained a rheumatology station. The effect of method of teaching on students' performance in the rheumatology station was analyzed. RESULTS: Eighty medical students participated in the study. Overall, there was no difference in student ratings of either mode of teaching, although the students reported that patient partner teaching gave more opportunity to practice MSK examination skills and also provided greater feedback to the student. Students reported a preference for rheumatology trainee teaching because they believed the teaching would be more relevant to the content of the examination. There was no statistically significant difference in the performance of the students in the OSCE rheumatology station in regard to the mode of teaching they had received prior to the examination. CONCLUSION: Patient partner teaching is as effective a method of teaching clinical skills in MSK medicine as a traditional resident based form of teaching, with student benefits from patient feedback and greater "hands-on" opportunities. The assessment process should incorporate patient partners to assess the unique aspects of patient educator based teaching of MSK examination techniques.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1999

High level transcription of the complement regulatory protein CD59 requires an enhancer located in intron 1.

CD59 is a complement regulatory protein and may also act as a signal-transducing molecule. CD59 transgenic mice have been generated using a CD59 minigene (CD59 minigene-1). Although this minigene contained a 4.6-kilobase pair 5'-flanking region from the human CD59 gene as a promoter, the expression levels of the CD59 mRNA were substantially lower than those observed in humans, suggesting that CD59 gene expression might also require other transcriptional regulatory elements such as an enhancer. To investigate the transcriptional regulation of the CD59 gene, we used three cell lines that express CD59 at different levels. We have identified DNase I-hypersensitive sites in intron 1 in HeLa cells, which express CD59 at high levels, but not in Jurkat (intermediate level) or Raji cells (low level). Furthermore, cell line-specific enhancer activity was detected in a fragment containing these DNase I-hypersensitive sites. The CD59 enhancer was mapped to between -1155 and -888 upstream of the 5'-end of exon 2. To investigate the enhancer activity in vivo, a new CD59 minigene was constructed by the addition of the enhancer fragment into CD59 minigene-1. High expressor CD59 transgenic mice were generated using the new minigene.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Radiology of intervertebral cages in spinal surgery.

This pictorial essay reviews the normal appearances and the post-operative complications of intervertebral cages. These are implants which are being more widely used in spinal surgery. The text outlines the background leading to their development, the clinical indications and surgical techniques for insertion of the cages. The normal post-operative appearance of fusion and the complications that can occur are emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Rheumatoid arthritis, disability and the workplace.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a common cause of disability worldwide. The nature of the disability impacts on all areas of life. This chapter focuses on the nature of the disability of rheumatoid arthritis with emphasis on work disability. The various approaches for minimising the disability and rehabilitating those with disability are discussed. The tools for the assessment of disability are described and their strengths and limitations outlined.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1997

Cutaneous infection in meatworkers.

Cutaneous infections occurring in abattoir workers are an under-recognized cause of occupational morbidity. This study examined the incident rates of cutaneous infection in a medium sized metropolitan abattoir in Adelaide, South Australia. The results show that cutaneous infections are common (0.65 per 1,000 working days) and that there exists an association between the nature of the work task within the abattoir and infection rates. Specifically, those individuals handling animal hides have higher rates of infection compared to other workers. The implications of these findings are discussed with particular emphasis on the prevention of these infections.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1997

Quinine-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Although quinine use is very common, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) following exposure to quinine is only a recently reported phenomenon, with the first description published in 1991. Previous reports have concentrated on the nature of the hematological process and in particular characterization of the quinine-induced antibodies involved. We present a case of HUS with a clear temporal and immunological relationship to quinine which demonstrates the pathognomonic renal features of HUS. An indirect antiglobulin test with the patient's serum agglutinated red blood cells only in the presence of quinine. Renal biopsy features included glomerular and arteriolar endothelial swelling, capillary loop thrombi, mesangiolysis, segmental sclerosis and segmental ischemia. Early empiric treatment with plasma exchange and corticosteroids was instituted and this resulted in recovery of renal function to normal.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1996

Mutation rates at the glycophorin A and HPRT loci in uranium miners exposed to radon progeny.

OBJECTIVES: To find whether a relation exists between estimated levels of exposure to radon and its progeny and mutations in hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) and glycophorin A in a cohort of former uranium miners. METHODS: A cohort study involving a sample of miners from the Radium Hill uranium mine in South Australia, which operated from 1952 to 1961. Radiation exposures underground at Radium Hill were estimated from historical radon gas measures with a job exposure matrix. Workers from the mine who worked exclusively above ground according to mine records were selected as controls. In 1991-2 miners were interviewed and blood taken for measurement of somatic mutations. Mutation rates for HPRT and glycophorin A were estimated with standard assay techniques. RESULTS: Homozygous mutations of glycophorin A were increased in underground miners (P = 0.0027) and the mutation rate tended to rise with increasing exposure with the exception of the highest exposure (> 10 working level months). However, there was no association between place of work and either the hemizygous mutations of glycophorin A or the HPRT mutation. CONCLUSIONS: There may be an association between glycophorin A mutations and previous occupational exposure to ionising radiation. However, not enough is known at present to use these assays as biomarkers for historical exposure in underground mining cohorts.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1995

Soft tissue injury in resistance welding.

Electrical resistance welding is commonly used in industries where light sheet metal is bonded. The process uses a combination of heat and pressure to form the weld, which frequently results in the production of high-velocity metal-fragment projectiles. The process is described and case studies are presented to illustrate the nature of the injuries which occasionally result from these missiles. The difficulties in preventing these injuries and potential approaches for doing so are discussed.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1992

Glutaraldehyde.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗