If Athabaskan Indians are subdivided by linguistic group, a wide diversity in gene frequencies is disclosed. This diversity approximated that found when linguistically unrelated groups were compared. It was greater than that found for Eskimo-Aleus, even though the latter are more heterogeneous linguistically and subject to a wider variety of environmental conditions. Contiguity, geographic distance, and linguistic similarity were not reflected in similarity of gene frequencies. The gene found for Athabaskans appear to be the result of random process-survivor effects and genetic drift of small isolated groups. They appear to be of no value in detecting ethnic relationships.

Alaska↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Rare and unusual alleles in Alaskan ethnic groups.

Frequencies of AK31, AK61, UMPK2, DPGM2, GOT2S, GOT3S, PGP2, RDS2, PGDc, DIA4, NP2 and PEPB6 in 18 language groups were estimated. Four of these alleles occurred in only a single group, but the rest were found in no systematic way in several. The results suggest that some of the alleles were present in early ancestors of these groups, but have disappeared from many of them because of the small size of the groups and their lack of contact with one another.

Alaska↗

PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro susceptibility of Trichophyton mentagrophytes arthroconidia to clotrimazole and griseofulvin in human corneocyte suspensions.

The use of corneocytes in suspension as a medium for the study of the effect of antifungal drugs on Trichophyton mentagrophytes arthroconidia was investigated. In the presence of clotrimazole or griseofulvin, arthroconidia germination in a suspension of corneocytes and in Sabouraud glucose liquid medium was significantly reduced compared with germination in drug-free media. Where antifungals were added to arthroconidia after an activation period during which germination occurred, any further germination was inhibited. The data showed that the growth of T. mentagrophytes in the presence of corneocytes offered a simple, rapid, inexpensive and relevant model for the assessment of antifungal activity of compounds for the treatment of dermatophytosis.

Clotrimazole↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Understanding perioperative nursing.

Perioperative nursing is a complex arena that involves various roles and procedures. The authors here argue that the key to success is good multidisciplinary communication.

Communication↗