Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

E M Paterok

Publications and source records attributed to E M Paterok.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

[The importance of mammography in relationship to the number of treated carcinomas of the breast. Partial results from 1976--1978 of a long term study (author's transl)].

From 1976 to 1978 11, 197 women were examined clinically and mammographically. Biopsy material from 1,673 breasts were examined microscopically. In 536 cases, or almost every third case (32%), a carcinoma of the breast was detected. The cancer was bilateral in 19 cases and the total number of women was therefore 517. A clinically occult tumour was only found in 7.7% (40 of 517) of the cases. 5% of these patients were high risk patients and 2.7% preventive examinations. 5 women with occult carcinoma of the breast were under age 40 and 14 under age 50. Benign changes of the glandular tissue were found in 59.5% of the cases. Marked proliferative changes were found in 4.6% of the cases and carcinoma in situ was found in 3.8% of the patients. In the age group 45--54 benign and proliferative changes of the parenchyma occured almost twice as often as cancers. The ratio between benign and malignant findings was 1:1 in the age group 55--59 and was less than 1:2 in the age group over 70. A sophistication of the mammograhic technique must be obtained. A thorough microscopic examination of tissue from subcutaneous mastectomies and tissue obtained at the time of reduction mammoplasties showed occasionally unexpected malignant tissue in an unexpected location. Especially these cases are suitable for later comparison to the mammographies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Image quality in film and xero mammography. Second paper. Reproduction of medium range contrast (author's transl)].

In our first paper we dealt with the reproduction of low contrast ranges during the radiological examination of the breast. In the present paper we are concerned with medium contrast ranges, using a semi-objective procedure. This again depended on visual evaluation of test films of grids with variable grid ratios. For mammography rotating molybdenum and tungsten tubes with various filters were available. The advantages of xere radiography in rendering detail were less marked in these medium contrast ranges. The disadvantage of scatter is again less marked, but the resolution of non screen film for small and medium-sized objects is considerably greater. However, xero-radiography, using a tungsten tube with 0.5 mm. Al. filtration represents a satisfactory compromise between image quality and radiation dose for the demonstration of small and medium contrast ranges.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1979

[First results of mammography with a screen film (author's transl)].

In order to find a convenient, "dose sparing" mammography method, 152 breasts were examined comparatively with a conventional film without intensifying screens (Definix Medical of Kodak) and with a screen film (screen: MR 50, film: Mammoray RP 3 PE FW of Agfa Gevaert). The quality of the low-dose pictures was generally satisfactory. With regard to the exposure to radiation of the breast which is considerably lower if a screen film is used, it seems necessary to develop an automatic exposure control for this method, to further ameliorate films and screens, and to optimize the technical conditions for mammography. The authors underline the possibility to use simultaneously the oblique exposure methods, which would be a further step towards a reduction of the dose.

Female↗
PubMed1978

[A comparison of various mammographic techniques using freshly amputated breasts (author's transl)].

In order to compare the performance of various mammographic techniques, xeroradiograms were obtained of sixteen freshly amputated breasts using tungsten and molybdenum rotating anodes. A film without screens (Kodak Definix Medical) and a film-screen system (screens: MR50, film Mammoray RP 3 PE FW) were employed. Exposures during xeroradiography were varied in that, when using the tungsten tube, a 2.5 mm. aluminium filter was added to the 0.5 mm. aluminium filtration inherent in the tube; when using the molybdenum tube, there was a choice between 0.03 mm. Mo. and 0.5 mm. aluminium filtration. The xeroradiograms obtained with the molydenum tube and molybdenum filter were of good quality, as were those obtained with this type of tube and nonscreen film. In view of the carcinogenetic risk of mammography, it is open to discussion whether one should aim at optimal film quality, since improved quality is associated with a higher radiation dose to the breast, or whether one should be satisfied with "adequate" quality. In our series the quality produced by the film-screen combination was, in general, acceptable. Compared with all other procedures, this system produces the lowest radiation dose of any mammographic technique. For this reason further improvements in technique, such as automatic exosure devices, film-screen packs suitable for routine use and improved quality of image are of practical interest.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

[Xeromammography (author's transl)].

Film- and xeromammography are good diagnostic methods of breast diseases. Concerning praeclinical situations xeromammography is as well as film-mammography. Radiation hazard of xeromammography is on a lower range.

Breast Diseases↗
PubMed1977

[The value of pneumocystography in diagnosis of breast tumours (author's transl)].

Pneumocystography was performed regularly in mammographically benign tumours. During 1974 and 1975 16892 breast were investigated radiographically of which 1031 had palpable tumours. In 614 cases the results of palpation correlated with radiography and indicated a cyst. These tumours were punctured with the aim of demonstrating the cyst wall by air filling and subsequent pneumocystography. This procedure enabled 4 out of 10 women (430 out of 1031) to avoid operation despite clinically palpable tumours. In 184 cases biopsy was necessary. In 12 cases the pneumocystogram showed tumours needing excision in addition to unremarkable cysts, in 11 cases the cyst walls showed radiological changes, 161 tumours were apparently solid. Since December 1975 we have started to aspirate breasts with radiographically suspected cysts in the absence of palpable tumour and to perform a pneumocystogram. This attempt was successful in all 19 cases. Removal of unremarkable cysts should not be accepted any longer. Prior to removal of a palpable tumour of the breast radiological investigated is indicated.

Air↗
PubMed1977

[Histological results of lumps excised from the breast after aspiration (author's transl)].

In 614 breasts tumours assumed to be harmless cysts on palpation were aspirated. In 430 cases aspiration was the definitive treatment. In the other 184 cases excision was necessary in order to obtain histology. 11 cysts were radiologically suspect after air filling. In one case excision demonstrated an undifferentiated milk duct carcinoma. 12 cysts had radiologically suspicious areas outside their margins. In 4 cases lobular carcinoma in situ was present. 161 excisions were necessary because no fluid was aspirated at puncture of the tumour. In 10 cases histology showed malignancy: half of these were metastases from a known primary tumour and half were primary breast carcinomas. Out of 17 precancerous states neoplasia could be demonstrated in two cases in addition to papillary and proliferative duct changes. We have classified this neoplasia as lobular carcinoma in situ.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1977

[Image quality in film and xero-mammography. I. Rendering of low contrast values (author's transl)].

The rendering of low contrast values by various mammographic imaging systems was investigated by a semi-objective procedure. Test exposures of a line raster with variable line widths were evaluated visually. Significantly better results were achieved by a xero-radiographic method. This was better than non-screen mammographic film in terms of object size, lower sensitivity to scatter and better resolution. The use of a tungsten rotating anode, with about 0.5 mm. Al filter, in xeromammography provided a satisfactory compromise between image quality and radiation dose in the rendering of low contrast studies.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

[Single-view mammography (author's transl)].

Single-view mammography was performed in 12123 women (22321 pictures) so that the entire breast tissue was visualised. In 223 patients the results were compared with histological findings obtained subsequently. The high percentage of agreement indicates that the single-view examination is highly reliable.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1976

[Microcalcifications on the mammaogram, surgical clarification and histologic findings. Concerning the problem of the diagnosis of occult carcinoma of the breast (author's transl)].

Microcalcifications on the mammogram could be an important indication for an occult carcinoma. Up until 31 December 1976, we intentionally removed such grouped microcalcifications 218 times in a group of 17,523 examined females (32,245 mammographs). The selection was confirmed radiologically. The acquired material was then examined histologically via an complicated technique. We found 35 carcinomas and 89 proliferating mastopathies of which 34 required at least strict supervision and sometimes additional treatment. - With strict indications, one-third of the previously clarified cases revealed disorders requiring treatment. In over one-half of the cases, the films indicated nothing of a serious nature. It must, however, be noted that an existing cancer is not always discovered in spite of the intentional excision of microcalcifications. This only serves as an indirect indication.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1976

[Pathologic discharge from the breast. Galactography and histologic clarification (author's transl)].

Up until 31 December 1975, 1646 galactograms were made in 1150 female patients. The intentional segment resection and then the histologic preparation via complicated technique adapted to the excision was conducted 371 times. - In 99 out of 100 cases, an anatomic substrate could be found for the discharge. We were unable to discover any pathological finding to explain the discharge in only 3 cases (0.8%). Included in the benign processes were 170 cases of duct papillomas (45.8%). In these cases segment resection is also adequate therapy. - Approximately 8% of the excisions revealed cancer. In additional 12%, serious proliferative processes in the breast were found which should, at least, be kept under careful clinical supervision. - Galactography used in combination with an adapted surgical and histologic technique to diagnose not only a carcinoma which has evaded other methods of detection but also possible preliminary stages is a valuable procedure.

Breast↗