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Biomedical subjects

E M Ozer

Publications and source records attributed to E M Ozer.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Preventive services in a health maintenance organization: how well do pediatricians screen and educate adolescent patients?

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether pediatricians in managed care settings adhere to national guidelines concerning the provision of clinical preventive services. DESIGN: Surveys were mailed between September 1996 and April 1997 to all pediatricians practicing in a California group-model health maintenance organization. The survey asked pediatricians about their screening and education practices on 34 recommended services and the actions taken with adolescent patients who have engaged in risk behavior. RESULTS: The response rate was 66.2% (N = 366). Pediatricians, on average, screened 92% of their adolescent patients for immunization status and blood pressure; 85% for school performance; 60% to 80% for obesity, sexual intercourse, cigarette use, alcohol use, drug use, and seat belt and helmet use; 30% to 47% for access to handguns, suicide, eating disorders, depression, and driving after drinking alcohol; fewer than 20% for use of smokeless tobacco, sexual orientation, sexual and physical abuse, and riding a bike or swimming after drinking alcohol; and 26% to 41% for close friends' engagement in risk behavior. Pediatricians' assessment and education with adolescent patients who screened positive for risk behavior was particularly low. Female physicians, physicians who saw a greater proportion of older adolescents, and recent medical school graduates were more likely to provide preventive services. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatricians in this health maintenance organization provide preventive services to adolescent patients at rates below recommendations but at rates greater than physicians in other practice settings. Improvement is especially needed in the areas that contribute most to adolescent mortality and for patients who screen positive for a risk behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Does child care involvement increase or decrease distress among dual-earner couples?

This study addressed how parents' relative involvement in child care is related to marital-role quality and psychological distress. These relationships were examined in a random sample of 133 mothers and fathers in dual-earner couples. Regression analyses employing hierarchical linear modeling techniques indicated that the more fathers participated in child care relative to their wives, the lower the father's distress. For mothers, the effect of child care involvement was complex: Although there were psychological benefits to spending proportionally more time involved in child care (lowered distress), these benefits were offset by a decrease in marital-role quality, which in turn increased distress. These findings indicate that the relation between child care involvement and the psychological health of both women and men in dual-earner couples is intertwined and complex.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The erythrocyte glutathione levels during oral glucose tolerance test.

Erythrocytes glutathione (GSH) levels were measured in erythrocytes from 33 subjects, at baseline and after 2-hour glucose loading in order to investigate the effect of glucose ingestion on the erythrocyte GSH. According to the World Health Organisation criteria 18 subjects had normal glucose tolerance (NGT)(mean age 48 +/- 10 years, 10 women, 8 men), 15 subjects had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)(mean age 52 +/- 8 years, 9 women, 6 men). After 12-hour fasting, erythrocyte GSH levels were 40.5 +/- 8.06 and 39.27 +/- 10.26 mg/dl hemolisate in subjects with NGT and IGT, respectively (p = N.S). After 2-hour glucose loading, erythrocyte GSH levels decreased to 36.01 +/- 9.4 (p < 0.05) and 32.36 +/- 5.7 (p < 0.005) in subjects with NGT and IGT, respectively. The decrease in erythrocyte GSH levels in subjects with IGT was greater than in NGT individuals (p < 0.001). There was negative correlation between glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and erythrocyte GSH levels after glucose loading (p < 0.005). Our results suggest that glucose loading induce an oxidative stress in all subjects but this oxidative stress is greater in subjects with IGT than with NGT.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1995

Women and health: in search of a paradigm.

The growing interest in women and health is resulting in an expanding number of important issues and invested disciplines. In this article, we propose a framework to serve as a guide for organizing themes and integrating competing approaches to the field of women's health. Our framework is illustrated through a multilevel circular model that graphically represents the evolving nature of the field. We first describe key content areas in women's health, including topics that have traditionally been considered, as well as those that have only more recently received attention. We then discuss research processes and methods that are important in the field and call for the use of approaches often excluded from traditional scientific procedures. Finally, we address the conceptual models that various disciplines provide and the advantage of a multidisciplinary perspective to advancing the field of women's health.

Female↗
PubMed1990

Mechanisms governing empowerment effects: a self-efficacy analysis.

This experiment tested the hypotheses that perceived coping and cognitive control self-efficacy govern the effects of personal empowerment over physical threats. Women participated in a mastery modeling program in which they mastered the physical skills to defend themselves successfully against unarmed sexual assailants. Multifaceted measures of theoretically relevant variables were administered within a staggered intragroup control design to test the immediate and long-term effects of the empowerment program and the mechanisms through which it produced its effects. Mastery modeling enhanced perceived coping and cognitive control efficacy, decreased perceived vulnerability to assault, and reduced the incidence of intrusive negative thinking and anxiety arousal. These changes were accompanied by increased freedom of action and decreased avoidant behavior. Path analyses of causal structures revealed a dual path of regulation of behavior by perceived coping self-efficacy, one mediated through perceived vulnerability and risk discernment and the other through perceived cognitive control self-efficacy and intrusive negative thinking.

Adolescent↗