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Biomedical subjects

E M Jones

Publications and source records attributed to E M Jones.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Interhospital relocation of long-stay psychiatric patients: a prospective study.

The reorganization of psychiatric services in the United Kingdom has resulted in relocation of many long-stay patients, but such transfers are seldom evaluated. Twenty-four chronic psychiatric patients destined for interhospital relocation were investigated prospectively. After transfer, no fatality occurred, but the group showed a significant deterioration in behaviour, with some changes persisting at 6 months.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1991

Sources of carbon for hepatic glycogen synthesis in the conscious dog.

To identify the source(s) of carbon for the indirect pathway of hepatic glycogen synthesis, we studied nine 42-h fasted conscious dogs given a continuous intraduodenal infusion of glucose, labeled with [1-13C]glucose and [3-3H]glucose, at 8 mg.kg-1.min-1 for 240 min. Glycogen formation by the direct pathway was measured by 13C-NMR. Net hepatic balances of glucose, gluconeogenic amino acids, lactate, and glycerol were determined using the arteriovenous difference technique. During the steady-state period (the final hour of the infusion), 81% of the glucose infused was absorbed as glucose. Net gut output of lactate and alanine accounted for 5% and 3% of the glucose infused, respectively. The cumulative net hepatic uptakes were: glucose, 15.5 +/- 3.8 g; gluconeogenic amino acids, 32.2 +/- 2.2 mmol (2.9 +/- 0.2 g of glucose equivalents); and glycerol, 6.1 +/- 0.9 mmol (0.6 +/- 0.1 g of glucose equivalents). The liver produced a net of 29.2 +/- 9.6 mmol of lactate (2.6 +/- 0.8 g of glucose equivalents). Net hepatic glycogen synthesis totaled 9.3 +/- 2.5 g (1.8 +/- 0.4 g/100 g liver), with the direct pathway being responsible for 57 +/- 10%. Thus, net hepatic glucose uptake was sufficient to account for all glycogen formed by both the direct and indirect pathways. Total net hepatic uptake of gluconeogenic precursors (gluconeogenic amino acids, glycerol, and lactate) was able to account for only 20% of net glycogen synthesis by the indirect pathway. In a net sense, our data are consistent with an intrahepatic origin for most of the three-carbon precursors used for indirect glycogen synthesis.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1990

Mental health and acquired hearing impairment: a review.

Recent work demonstrates that hearing impairment is much more common than previously suspected. The disability may be unrecognized or denied by the sufferer and may attract social stigma rather than sympathy from others. The effect on mental health is surprisingly neglected. Early studies of psychiatric patients suggested hearing impairment is an important cause of paranoid illness, but more recent studies of wider populations have failed to confirm this association. Hearing impairment is unrelated to intellect when controlled for age, but is an important differential diagnosis of dementia in the elderly. Evidence accumulates to suggest that the hearing impaired are vulnerable to depression, social stress and isolation, but reliable controlled studies of psychiatric sequelae are needed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: a case report with post-mortem brain and muscle pathology.

The neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a rare but dangerous complication of treatment with neuroleptics. The aetiology and pathophysiology of the syndrome are reviewed, and a fatal case is presented where both brain and muscle pathology are described. Striking myopathic changes in this case, accompanied by only minimal and non-specific brain abnormalities, support a peripheral rather than central mechanism for the hyperthermia.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Fetal heart rate monitoring by telephone. I. Development of an integrated system in Cardiff.

We report the development of a practical dedicated system for domiciliary fetal monitoring integrated in a scheme for its rational application. From experience of 1120 domiciliary recordings in 74 women (64 with high-risk pregnancies), we suggest that domiciliary monitoring applied within a structured clinical context should be as safe as monitoring in hospital.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Physiologic and electrocardiographic responses of American river otters (Lutra canadensis) during chemical immobilization and inhalation anesthesia.

Rectal temperatures and heart rates of American river otters (Lutra canadensis) decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) during chemical immobilization with i.m. ketamine hydrochloride in combination with xylazine hydrochloride and acepromazine and during inhalation anesthesia with isoflurane. Anesthetized otters showed a tendency for apnea during induction and while dorsally recumbent, which was reflected by a respiratory acidosis on arterial blood gases. Declines in rectal temperatures and heart rates were not found to be a function of dosage (mg/kg) of the ketamine combination used except for rectal temperatures of otters in relatively poor body condition (inanition). The electrocardiograms of isoflurane-anesthetized otters were similar to those recorded on immobilized otters with the exception of an r' deflection in the ventricular depolarization complex (RSr'). Electrocardiographic criteria were not found which predicted the degree of right ventricular or generalized cardiac enlargement seen radiographically.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1983

Morphology of the organic matrix of the spicule of the sea urchin larva.

The morphology of the organic matrix of the skeletal spicule of the sea urchin pluteus larva has been analyzed by light and electron microscopy. Purified isolated spicules can be demineralized, and they reveal lamellae of an irregular fibrillar nature with overall outlines similar to the shape of the intact spicule. Sections through the spicule show the fibrous lamella is probably composed of interconnected concentric sleeves.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The adverse effect of systemic hypertension following myocardial reperfusion.

Transient myocardial ischemia in postoperative hypertension is relatively common with coronary artery bypass surgery. This study examines the effect of hypertension during reperfusion of transiently ischemic myocardium. The animal model was open chest pigs with myocardial ischemia induced by the occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min followed by 2 hr of reperfusion. A normotensive control group was compared with animals rendered hypertensive with phenylephrine during the ischemic and reperfusion times. In the hypertensive group, systolic blood pressure was raised from 106 to 161 mm Hg and peripheral vascular resistance from normal to 3600 dyn-sec-cm-5. Regional left ventricular wall thickness, mitochondrial function, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ uptake, tissue calcium, water content, and hemorrhage were evaluated. Compared to controls the hypertensive group had (1) loss of systolic wall thickening with increased diastolic wall thickness in the reperfused zone, (2) intramyocardial hemorrhage in the area of reperfusion, (3) significant impairment of oxidative phosphorylation by mitochondria isolated from the reperfused zone, (4) a marked reduction in the rate of Ca2+ uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles, and (5) an increase in ischemic tissue calcium. Thus, hypertension associated with revascularization of acutely ischemic myocardium may accentuate myocardial damage.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The effectiveness of polyvinyl chloride plastic bands impregnated with permethrin as a control for the northern fowl mite, Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini and Fanzago), infesting caged laying chickens.

Caged White Leghorn hens were used to study the effectiveness of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bands impregnated with 10% permethrin (50 mg/active ingredient/band) for control of the northern fowl mite (NFM), Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini and Fanzago). The PVC bands were attached two ways, either to the leg of the bird or to the cage floor. Leg band treatments included one, two, three, four, and six birds banded (one band per bird) per cage of six birds. Cage band treatments included one, two, and four PVC strips attached to the cage floor. The attachment of PVC bands to cages was very effective in controlling NFM. Birds in the treatment with four bands attached to the cage floor were essentially mite free for the duration of the 19-week test. Based on this test, the leg banding technique does not seem to be as effective or practical for controlling NFM on caged layers as is attachment of the bands to the cage floor. The use of permethrin-impregnated PVC bands or strips attached to the floor of poultry cages shows promise for effective NFM control and for relieving stress on birds resulting from conventional spraying or dusting treatments.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Structure-activity relationships in a series of anti-inflammatory N-arylanthranilic acids.

A large series of N-arylanthranilic acids has been prepared. Many of these compounds show high anti-inflammatory activity as measured by the anti-UV-erythema test. From this series have come the clinically useful non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, flufenamic acid (Arlef), mefenamic acid (Ponstel), and the latest and most potent agent, N-(2,6-dichloro-m-tolyl)anthranilic acid (meclofenamic acid, Meclomen = the sodium salt). The structure-activity relationships of this series is discussed and a graphical representation is presented which allows the prediction of activity of new agents.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

A calculator program to determine k and V from measured serum drug concentrations by a two point curve fitting method.

A calculator program is presented which determines k and V from two drugs levels or k from an assumed V and one drug level during maintenance dosing with any of four dosing schedules: intermittent, fixed interval; intermittent, two fixed intervals; intermittent, non-uniform dose, non-uniform interval; continuous intravenous infusion/sustained release. A loading dose and or one additional level taken before maintenance dosing begins can be taken into account for additional flexibility. Steady state concentrations are projected when dosage regimen and pharmacokinetic parameters are known.

Computers↗
PubMed1982

A calculator program to project serum drug concentration profiles during dosing schedules comprised of two fixed dosing intervals.

This paper describes a calculator program which projects multiple dose serum drug concentration profiles of drugs administered during the waking hours provided that the interval between doses given during the day is constant and is less than or equal to the interval between the last dose of 1 day and the first dose of the next. The program can be applied to any drug in any individual provided that the pharmacokinetics of the drug fit a one compartment model with first order elimination and appropriate pharmacokinetic parameters are known.

Computers↗
PubMed1981

Collaborative clinical pharmacokinetic services.

A program for routine pharmacokinetic interpretation of serum analyses of gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, phenytoin, phenobarbital, theophylline, lidocaine, digoxin, quinidine, and procainamide at the Medical University of South Carolina Hospital is described. Results of all analyses of serum for the drugs listed are evaluated by a pharmacist trained in clinical pharmacokinetics. Patient variables relevant to the determination of drug serum concentrations, drug elimination, distribution, and dosage are given appropriate consideration in each evaluation. A summary of the pharmacokinetic interpretation and any necessary modification of drug dosage regimens are then written into the progress notes of the patients' medical records. Approximately 12 patients and 20 drug concentrations are evaluated each day. The average charge for te service is +35. This service, which is reimbursed by third-party carriers, has resulted in improved use of laboratory personnel, equipment, and time and has provided a framework for education and research as well as a mechanism for direct contributions to patient care by the pharmacist.

Hospital Bed Capacity, 500 and over↗