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Biomedical subjects

E M Alstead

Publications and source records attributed to E M Alstead.

28 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Proton NMR relaxation times in the normal human liver at 0.08 T.

The spin-lattice (T1) and spin-spin (T2) relaxation times of liver in 42 normal volunteers (21 male and 21 female) were measured using a calibrated 0.08 T resistive imager capable of accurate and reproducible relaxometry. T1 was determined using an interleaved gradient echo saturation recovery and inversion recovery technique and T2 using a four-echo Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill sequence. The ranges obtained were T1 = 213 +/- 14 ms and T2 = 66 +/- 5 ms. More specific ranges were obtained for each sex and for younger and older subjects. A small variation in T1 was found between older (greater than 40 years) and younger (less than 40 years) subjects, but no such effect was observed in the case of T2. No significant variations were found when female volunteers were imaged at weekly intervals through the menstrual cycle, when a male volunteer was imaged repeatedly over the course of several months or when male volunteers consumed small quantities of alcohol.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Lichen planus and mesalazine.

Lichen planus is a recognized complication of sulfasalazine therapy. Two patients developed typical oral and cutaneous lichen planus on sulfasalazine and their skin lesions recurred when they were subsequently changed to mesalazine. Lichen planus only resolved on withdrawal of both drugs. It seems likely that the aminosalicylic acid moiety is responsible for this reaction and that lichen planus is a true complication of mesalazine therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Safety of azathioprine in pregnancy in inflammatory bowel disease.

Although azathioprine has been reported to be safe during pregnancy in renal transplant recipients and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, opinions vary whether it should be continued in pregnancy in inflammatory bowel disease. A retrospective analysis of the outcome of 16 pregnancies in 14 women receiving azathioprine for inflammatory bowel disease was performed. There was one infective complication of pregnancy (hepatitis B virus infection), but there were no congenital abnormalities or subsequent health problems in the children. This preliminary study suggests that azathioprine is safe in pregnancy in inflammatory bowel disease patients and that termination of pregnancy is not mandatory for those who conceive while taking the drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Gastroenterology.

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Biliary Tract Diseases↗
PubMed1988

Familial autonomic visceral myopathy with degeneration of muscularis mucosae.

An extended family with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction which affected 11 of 54 members was studied. Patients presented with recurrent intestinal obstruction in childhood or adolescence: eight of the 11 died before the age of 30. Pedigree analysis showed four consanguineous marriages. The patients were all in the fifth generation and had established an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Histological, immunocytochemical, and electron microscopic studies were performed on a colectomy specimen from a surviving affected family member. Familial visceral myopathy was diagnosed--characterised by degeneration and collagenous replacement of both layers of the muscularis propria and the muscularis mucosae.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Is SPECT of the spleen worthwhile in the evaluation of liver disease severity?

SPECT of the spleen has been performed with 99Tcm-sulphur colloid in 53 patients, and SPECT of the liver has been performed in 57 patients. All patients had histologically proven liver disease and were classified by the degree of severity, Group A-severe, Group B-moderate, Group C-mild. The patients were further classified as cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic. Eight controls were also studied. There is positive though poor correlation between splenic volume and uptake (r2 = 0.55). Splenic volume and uptake are significantly different in Group A patients compared with all other groups (p less than 0.001). They are also significantly different in cirrhotics versus non-cirrhotics and cirrhotics versus controls (p less than 0.001). Splenic SPECT was unhelpful in distinguishing between moderate and mild liver disease. SPECT of the spleen is a time consuming technique but a useful adjunct to liver SPECT in patients with portal hypertension.

Electronic Data Processing↗
PubMed1985

Liver volume and uptake assessment using 123I-BSP tomography.

Liver volume and parenchymal cell uptake of 123I-bromosulphthalein (BSP) has been assessed using the technique of single photon emission tomography (SPET). These results have been compared with a clinical scoring of disease severity and also with results for liver volume and tomographically assessed uptake of 99Tcm-sulphur colloid (SC). Comparisons of volume estimation, geometric mean (GM) uptake curves and a distribution index derived by a mapping technique with both radiopharmaceuticals, show that 123I-BSP tomography is feasible. A short acquisition time is required in order to obtain tomographic information before there is significant biliary excretion. There was a significant difference between the mean percentage uptake of 123I-BSP in the three groups of liver disease severity (P less than 0.002). This technique merits further evaluation in the study of the assessment of functional liver impairment.

Female↗
PubMed1983

Ranitidine in the prevention of gastric and duodenal ulcer relapse.

Prophylactic maintenance therapy for one year using ranitidine 150 mg at night or a placebo was assessed in 68 patients whose gastric or duodenal ulcers had previously healed after therapy with ranitidine 150 mg twice daily or placebo. Gastroscopy was carried out on symptomatic relapse and at the end of the year. Of the duodenal ulcer group, seven out of 20 relapsed on ranitidine compared with 15 out of 17 on placebo (p less than 0.001). Of the gastric ulcer group one of 15 patients relapsed on ranitidine compared with 11 of 16 patients on placebo (p less than 0.005). There were no adverse effects from ranitidine during the trial period. Ranitidine in low dose maintenance therapy is therefore reasonably effective in the prevention of relapse of duodenal ulcers and appears to be particularly effective in preventing relapse of gastric ulcers at least for one year. As gastric ulcers occur more frequently in the older patients in whom there are often medical contraindications to surgery, maintenance treatment may be appropriate for many such patients.

Adult↗