Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

E Lynge

Publications and source records attributed to E Lynge.

175 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Regional trends in incidence of cervical cancer in Denmark in relation to local smear-taking activity.

In this study the regional trends in the incidence of cervical cancer in Denmark from 1943 to 1977 are related to available data on the total smear-taking activity in the regions. In 1980 some 40% of women in Denmark were covered by organized screening programmes, but the total number of smears taken in the country was sufficient to cover the whole female population by an organized programme. Therefore, in order to evaluate the impact of the screening activity in Denmark account must be taken of trends in cervical cancer from areas both with and without organized programmes and of data for smears taken both in and outside the programmes. The study shows a considerable decline in the cumulative incidence of cervical cancer for women aged 30-59 in areas with organized screening programmes commenced before 1969. The decline in areas without organized programmes but with a higher or equivalent screening activity in 1974/75 is in general smaller or occurring later. In half of the areas with a lower level of smear-taking activity in 1974/75 only minor reductions in the incidence of cervical cancer are observed. Hysterectomies cannot explain the decline in the incidence for women below the age of 60. The observed pattern gives further evidence of a decline in the incidence of cervical cancer following the introduction of pap smears, but future trends should be kept under close surveillance.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Excess mortality among male unskilled and semi-skilled workers. A negative slope with age.

Mortality for male unskilled and semi-skilled workers in Denmark, Norway, and England and Wales is 40-50%--about the average for all men with equivalent economic status in the younger age groups, but declines towards the average at pensionable age. The negative slope of the graph for relative mortality with age would seem to be due to an excess mortality deriving from accidents and violent deaths predominantly in the younger age groups, to an unfavourable recruitment into the labour force, health-wise, to an exclusion of older, unhealthy persons from the labour force and to a mortality from circulatory diseases almost equal to the average for other social groups. Finally, movements between social groups should be taken into account in the analysis of mortality differences.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Mortality studies in unskilled and semi-skilled workers in Denmark. A comparative analysis.

Results from two Danish studies on mortality among male unskilled and semi-skilled workers are compared. The first study is based on union data, the second study on census data. Apparently conflicting results are found to be identical after making adjustment for differences in the study populations and standard populations. The male unskilled and semi-skilled workers have an excess mortality in the younger age groups which decreases with increasing age.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Screening for cancer of the cervix uteri.

Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide. The majority of cervical cancers are squamous cell carcinomas. Pap smears for early detection of precursor lesions of cervical cancer have been available for 40 years. A clinical trial to evaluate Pap smears was never undertaken; however, evidence gradually accumulated from time trend analyses and from cohort and case-control studies showed the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer to be reduced by organized screening programs. The risk of cervical cancer following different screening histories was estimated in a recent study of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Screening with 1-year and 3-year intervals was estimated to reduce the incidence of squamous cervical cancer by 94% and 91%, respectively. Cervical cancer is rare in young women, and little was estimated to be gained from including women below the age of 25 years in organized screening programs. The age distribution of cervical cancer has changed; a substantial proportion of cases now occur in the older generations of women, who have never been offered organized screening. Computerized pathology registration systems may serve as a tool for integration of the total smear-taking activity and, thus, ensure that a high percentage of women are screened regularly at minimized costs. The planning of a screening program should include both the smear-taking activity and the treatment.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cancer incidence among foundry workers in Denmark.

Cancer incidence was studied among 6,144 male foundry workers who were invited to participate in either of two Danish national silicosis surveys conducted during 1967-1969 and 1972-1974. Cancer incidence was followed through to the end of 1985 by computerized linkage to the Danish Cancer Registry, and Standardized Morbidity Ratios (SMRs) were calculated based on incidence rates for the Danish population. For the entire cohort, significantly elevated SMRs were seen for all cancers (SMR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01-1.18) and lung cancer (SMR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.12-1.51), and SMRs were at the borderline of statistical significance for bladder cancer (SMR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.97-1.59). Excess lung and bladder cancer risk were confined to workers who had worked in foundries for at least 20 y. There was a positive correlation between silicosis prevalence in employees at the foundries at the time of the x-ray examinations and lung cancer incidence during the follow-up period. Squamous cell carcinomas, anaplastic carcinomas, and other lung cancers accounted for the excess lung cancer risk, whereas there was not excess risk among the foundry workers for adenocarcinomas of the lung.

Comorbidity↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Risk for cancer of the pharynx and oral cavity among male painters in the Nordic countries.

In an effort to evaluate a hypothesis raised by findings in Denmark that painters might experience an increased risk for pharyngeal and oral cancer, data were collected about these cancers among painters in Norway, Sweden, and Finland. The possible confounding effects of alcohol and tobacco were gauged by collecting data about cancer of the lung, larynx, esophagus, liver, and bladder, and about mortality from liver cirrhosis. Consistently increased risks for lung cancer among painters were found. The risks for cancer of the oral cavity and/or pharynx were increased in Norway, Sweden, and Finland, but not to the same extent as was observed in Denmark. The risks for cancer of the esophagus were slightly increased as were the risks for cancer of the liver and for cirrhosis of the liver in Denmark and Finland. The data from Norway, Sweden, and Finland could thus neither substantiate nor disprove the hypothesis that painters may experience an increased risk for cancer of the pharynx and oral cavity as a result of occupational exposures.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Occupational mortality and cancer analysis.

The 1970-census populations have been followed up for deaths and emigrations in the ten-year period 1970-80 in all the Nordic countries. The data show more than a 2-fold difference in overall mortality between the low-risk group of men with pedagogical work and the high-risk group of deck and engine crew workers. These data files have also been supplemented with cancer register records. In Denmark this combined data set has been used in four different ways. First, in order to check the validity of the register, classic associations known from in-depth epidemiological studies were tabulated. Examples are cancer of the lip in farmers and fishermen, where the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) values were 1.85 and 3.17, respectively, and cancer of the nasal cavities and sinuses in skilled furniture makers, SIR = 12.25. Second, a social cancer map was produced by tabulating the cancer incidence by 20 socioeconomic groups. The social gradient was steepest for certain rare cancers related to specific etiologic factors. The social gradient also varied across cancer sites. Third, the register was used as a library for elucidation of newly reported associations. An association confirmed in the Danish data is an excess risk of bladder cancer in hairdressers, SIR = 2.05. An unconfirmed example is an excess risk of malignant melanoma in the printing industry, where Danish data show an SIR of 0.95. Fourth, a systematic tabulation of each cancer diagnosis across detailed occupational groups may lead to identification of previously unknown associations. This procedure is illustrated using cancer of the larynx as an example. Smiths, mechanics, foremen, and shop owners of engineering works and workshops all have an excess risk of laryngeal cancer, SIR = 1.63.

Denmark↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multiple primary cancers in Denmark 1943-80; influence of possible underreporting and suggested risk factors.

The risk of developing a second primary cancer was studied among 171,749 men and 208,192 women who were reported to the Danish Cancer Registry between 1943 and 1980. Only those who survived at least two months were included in the analysis, and more than 1.7 million person-years of observation were accrued. Altogether, 15,084 second primary cancers developed, of which 13,231 were in organs other than the initial or adjacent site [relative risk (RR) = 1.01]. Adjustment for possible underreporting of multiple primary cancers increased the RR to 1.24, which stresses the need for detailed knowledge of registration procedures interpreting results from cancer registries. The unadjusted RR for all sites increased with time, from 0.94 during the first decade of follow-up (excluding the first year) to 1.13 among 30-year survivors, whereas the adjusted RR increased from 1.08 to 1.41. Elevated risks were observed for sites thought to have a common etiology. For example, cancers of smoking-related sites were increased in both directions following cancers of the oral cavity, respiratory tract, and urinary organs. For cancers suspected to have a hormone- or dietary fat-related association, significant reciprocal relationships were seen among cancers of the endometrium, ovary, and colon. Cancer treatment probably is an important factor in second cancer development, even when judged indirectly in the present study. For example, radiotherapy may have been responsible for an elevated risk of subsequent cancers of the thyroid, breast, colon, rectum, bladder, and connective tissue in long-term survivors. Chemotherapy may have increased the risk of subsequent leukemias. Our data further indicate that cancer patients have no general susceptibility to develop new malignant tumors, although high rates may be found for particular sites sharing common risk factors. Conversely, the occurrence of one cancer does not appear to protect against developing a new cancer.

Denmark↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Implication for epidemiology of disease registers.

The existence of population and disease registers is crucial for epidemiologic research. Continuous registration over many years provides a particular advantage. The example of asbestos and lung cancer is used to illustrate the importance of register-based studies for the assessment of an association between an exposure and a clinical disease. It is an important challenge for epidemiologists in the ongoing debate on data confidentiality constantly to convince the public about the benefits of our work.

Asbestosis↗