Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

E Lund

Publications and source records attributed to E Lund.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Intake of drugs among elderly people in a Danish municipality, Rødovre.

Drug intake has been studied among a random group of persons, aged 75 or over, in Rødovre Municipality. Two hundred and eight-three elderly persons living in their own homes have been visited and interviewed about their daily intake of prescribed and nonprescribed drugs (including so-called natural drugs). Similar information was gathered from 146 elderly persons living in nursing homes. Thirty-one per cent of the elderly living in their own homes and 3% of those living in nursing homes did not use prescribed drugs daily. The median daily amount of different types of drugs used was 1.8 (range 0-10) for elderly persons living in their own homes and 4.5 (range 0-11) (p less than 0.001) for those living in nursing homes. Women living at home had a higher intake of drugs than men, especially diuretics. The most frequently used drugs were diuretics, sedatives/hypnotics, analgesics, digitalis and electrolytes. For all types of drugs a higher consumption, especially of phenothiazines, was found among elderly persons living in nursing homes. Drug consumption was independent of age and social stratification in both groups. The use of non-prescribed drugs ranges from 0 to 9 different types in the group living in their own homes, and from 0 to 5 in the group living in nursing homes--laxatives being the type most frequently used.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Incidence of acute leukaemia in Norway 1957-1981.

The study is based on the material of acute leukaemia in Norway 1957-81 from the Cancer Registry of Norway. The age-adjusted incidence rates for both sexes have been unchanged. For childhood leukaemias (0-14 years at diagnosis) the age-specific incidence rates have been constant for both sexes and there has been an almost constant incidence for the 5 year birth cohorts 1950-69. Among adults there has been virtually unchanged age-specific incidence rates for most age-groups between 15 and 74 for both sexes. Among those older than 75 years, an increase is seen, most probably due to better diagnostic procedures. No geographic differences were found in age-specific incidence rates.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Deletion of an rRNA gene set in Bacillus subtilis.

One of the 10 rRNA gene sets found in a wild-type strain of Bacillus subtilis 168 was deleted, apparently by recombination between two tandemly repeated rRNA gene sets. The deletion strain grew as well as the wild-type strain under a variety of growth conditions and also showed no change in the sporulation efficiency.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1983

U1 small nuclear RNA genes are located on human chromosome 1 and are expressed in mouse-human hybrid cells.

The majority, and perhaps all, of the genes for human U1 small nuclear RNA (U1 RNA) were shown to be located on the short arm of human chromosome 1. These genes were mapped by Southern blot analysis of DNA from rodent-human somatic cell hybrids, using the 5' region of a human U1 RNA gene as a human-specific probe. This probe hybridized to DNA fragments present only in digests of total human DNA or to the DNAs of cell lines which contained human chromosome 1. The major families of human U1 RNA genes were identified, but some human genes may have gone undetected. Also, the presence of a few U1 RNA genes on human chromosome 19 could not be ruled out. In spite of the lack of extensive 5'-flanking-region homology between the human and mouse U1 RNA genes, the genes of both species were efficiently transcribed in the hybrid cells, and the U1 RNAs of both species were incorporated into specific ribonucleoprotein particles.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

tRNA genes are found between 16S and 23S rRNA genes in Bacillus subtilis.

There are at least nine, and probably ten, ribosomal RNA gene sets in the genome of Bacillus subtilis. Each gene set contains sequences complementary to 16S, 23S and 5S rRNAs. We have determined the nucleotide sequences of two DNA fragments which each contain 165 base pairs of the 16S rRNA gene, 191 base pairs of the 23S rRNA gene, and the spacer region between them. The smaller space region is 164 base pairs in length and the larger one includes an additional 180 base pairs. The extra nucleotides could be transcribed in tRNAIIe and tRNA Ala sequences. Evidence is also presented for the existence of a second spacer region which also contains tRNAIIe and tRNA Ala sequences. No other tRNAs appear to be encoded in the spacer regions between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes. Whereas the nucleotide sequences corresponding to the 16S rRNA, 23S rRNA and the spacer tRNAs are very similar to those of E. coli, the sequences between these structural genes are very different.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1982

Irradiation dose to the lens of the eye during CT of the head.

The irradiation dose to the lens of the eye during CT scanning has been measured in 16 patients. The dose is greatly influenced by changes in gantry angulation, the position of the patient, the thickness and number of slices, KV, and milliamperage. The total lens dose has been measured to be higher than previously reported. Repeated CT scans imply the risk of irradiation cataract, especially in infants and children.

Brain↗
PubMed1982

Transcription of a gene for human U1 small nuclear RNA.

Transcription of U1 small nuclear RNA from a 592 bp fragment of human DNA was analyzed in vivo and in vitro. When injected into Xenopus laevis oocyte nuclei, the cloned DNA is transcribed by RNA polymerase II to make human U1 snRNA. Thus the sequences of this fragment are sufficient for expression of the U1 snRNA gene. Moreover, injection of templates carrying deletions of flanking sequences demonstrates that the DNA sequences required for in vivo transcription are located at least 100 nucleotides upstream from the point corresponding to the 5' end of mature U1 snRNA. In vitro transcription in a HeLa cell extract leads to synthesis not of mature U1 snRNA, but of a larger molecule starting 183 nucleotides upstream from the site corresponding to the 5' end of mature U1 snRNA. Transcription from this upstream promoter also is catalyzed by RNA polymerase II, and is comparable in efficiency with the very strong major late promoter of adenovirus 2. We propose that U1 snRNA is synthesized in vivo as a precursor that is processed by an enzyme or enzymes missing from our extracts.

Cloning, Molecular↗
PubMed1982

Waterborne virus diseases.

Water is only one route by which enteric viruses spread in a population. Other routes, such as the direct person to person contact, are in many circumstances more important. With the introduction of sanitary living conditions the water route becomes of increasing importance. In these conditions populations are not exposed at an early age to virus infections and so do not acquire the immunity that would offer them protection later in life, with the result that a chance exposure to a virus through water or food may be much more serious than it would be to someone who had acquired early immunity. Consequently the detection of enteric and other viruses in water and the epidemiology of the diseases are crucial.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1981

Isolation and characterization of three new polymyxins in polymyxins B and E by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Two polymyxin antibiotics, polymyxins B and E (colistin), have been separated analytically into ten to thirteen components on a commercial reversed-phase material by isocratic elution with a mixture of acetonitrile, phosphate/formate and acetate buffer containing sodium sulphate and triethylamine. The analytical system was transferred to a preparative system, using a C18-bonded stationary phase, without extensive impairing of the selectivity. The major components of each product were isolated and characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography, amino acid analysis and identification of the fatty acid. Three components were isolated and characterized for the first time. The fatty acid was also identified in some of the minor components.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1980

On the formation of N-nitrosopyrrolidine from potential precursors and nitrite.

Several naturally occurring amino compounds, structurally related to pyrrolidine, were reacted with nitrite in heated, weakly acidic, aqueous systems and the amount of NPYR formed was measured. The study included amines, free amino acids and different proline-containing peptides. The yields of NPYR formed from pyrrolidine, putrescine, agmatine, spermidine, spermine, proline, ornithine and arginine with nitrite in the pH range 6.6 to 4.0 were determined. The lowest yields were obtained from the amino acids, due to slow decarboxylation. When proline peptides were heated with nitrite at pH 5.7 and 4.0, no NPYR was detected (except in the case of cyclo-(Pro-Pro-)), but at pH 3.4, small amounts of NPYR were formed from all tested peptides. Cyclo-(Pro-Pro-) yielded NPYR at pH 5.7 and 4.0, as well. It is suggested that, under certain conditions, N-nitrosation may occur during cleavage of a peptide bond in the presence of nitrous acid. The formation of NPYR and NPIP from proline, pyrrolidine, putrescine, spermidine and cadaverine was studied in a model experiment, using minced bacon as the reaction medium. The results show that the formation of NPYR and other volatile nitrosamines is possible in the aqueous phase of bacon during frying.

Amines↗
PubMed1979

Initiation of Escherichia coli ribosomal RNA synthesis in vivo.

The 5'-terminal sequences of Escherichia coli ribosomal RNA precursors (pre-rRNAs) synthesized in vivo were characterized by RNA oligonucleotide sequence analysis. The 60- to 170-nucleotide-long 5'-end-specific fragments were produced by RNase III treatment of 30S and 18S pre-rRNAs. Comparison of the RNA oligonucleotides of these fragments with known DNA sequences of the promoter regions of several ribosomal RNA operons allows us to determine the start points of transcription of each operon. We conclude that transcription of most (and perhaps all) rRNA operons is initiated in vivo at two tandem promoters, called P1 and P2, which have recently been identified by in vitro transcription studies of several groups. Depending on the transcription unit, the initiating nucleotide at P1 promoters is either ATP or GTP, whereas at P2 promoters it is either CTP or GTP.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1978

Specific binding of tRNAMet to 23S rRNA of Escherichia coli.

tRNAMetf binds to 23S rRNA of Escherichia coli, forming a complex with a melting temperature of 75 degrees (in 0.6 M NaCl). The regions within the RNAs that bind to each other have been isolated and their nucleotide sequences have been determined. The interacting region in tRNAMetf is 17 nucleotides long, extending from G5 in the acceptor stem to D21 (D = 5.6-dihydrouridine) in the D loop. The sequence in 23S rRNA is complementary to that sequence except for an extra Up in the middle and allowing a Gp.D base pair. We propose that association of these two sequences may play a role in initiation of protein synthesis by tRNAMetf. In addition, part of this sequence in 23S rRNA may also stabilize tRNA binding to the ribosome during elongation of nascent polypeptides.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1978

Processing of the 5' end of Escherichia coli 16S ribosomal RNA.

We have isolated and partially characterized an endonuclease involved in processing the 5' end of 16S rRNA of Escherichia coli. A mutant strain that is deficient in this enzyme accumulates a new precursor of 16S rRNA, named 16.3S rRNA. This rRNA has the 3' end of mature 16S rRNA but is about 60 nucleotides longer at the 5' end. In vitro, the enzyme preparation cleaves an RNA fragment of about 60 nucleotides from the 5' end of 16.3S rRNA in 30S ribosomal subunits, yielding the mature 5' end of 16S rRNA. In the mutant strain the 16.3S rRNA is associated with a full complement of 21 ribosomal proteins in 30S subunits. These particles, which comprise 50% of the total 30S subunits, are present on polyribosomes.

Escherichia coli↗