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Biomedical subjects

E Lund

Publications and source records attributed to E Lund.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Functional, developmentally expressed genes for mouse U1a and U1b snRNAs contain both conserved and non-conserved transcription signals.

Four genes that encode mouse U1a1, U1b2 and U1b6 snRNAs have been isolated from a mouse genomic DNA library. They all appear to be functional U1 genes since they are accurately transcribed into full length, capped snRNAs upon injection into Xenopus oocytes. A mouse pseudogene that is not transcribed in Xenopus oocytes was also isolated from the mouse genomic library. DNA sequence analysis of the 5' and 3' flanking regions of the functional genes revealed the presence of three highly conserved sequence elements that have been shown to be required for transcription initiation or 3' end formation in other U1 genes. Each of these U1 RNA genes also contains non-conserved sequences in the 5' flanking region that could function in their controlled expression during development.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

3' end formation of U1 snRNA precursors is coupled to transcription from snRNA promoters.

Promoters of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes are partly responsible for 3' end formation of snRNA precursors. In injected X. laevis oocytes, substitution of an mRNA promoter (HSV tk) for the snRNA promoter significantly reduces the utilization of a conserved snRNA 3' end signal and permits recognition of a downstream polyadenylation site. Neither the U1 enhancer nor the U1 coding region is essential for recognition of the snRNA 3' end signal. Deletion of the U1 3' end signal from genes with a U1 promoter results in utilization of "cryptic" signals resembling the consensus sequence. However, these snRNA gene-promoted transcripts are not polyadenylated, in spite of the functional polyadenylation signal they contain. Thus, the ability to recognize 3' end signals is determined during initiation, presumably by interaction of transcription complexes with specific processing or termination factors.

Enhancer Elements, Genetic↗
PubMed1986

Oral contraceptive use and breast cancer in young women. A joint national case-control study in Sweden and Norway.

The possible association between oral contraceptive (OC) use and the risk of breast cancer developing before the age of 45 was investigated by means of a population based case-control study in Sweden and Norway. Information was obtained by personal interview from 422 (89.2%) of all eligible patients with a newly diagnosed breast cancer from May, 1984, to May, 1985, and from 722 (80.6%) of all contacted age-matched controls. A multivariate analysis, which accounted for several possible confounding factors, revealed a significant (p = 0.03) association between total duration of OC use and breast cancer risk. The relative risk (RR) of breast cancer after 12 or more years of OC use was 2.2 (1.2-4.0). OC use for more than 7 years before first full-term pregnancy entailed an increased breast cancer risk (RR = 2.0 [1.0-4.2]) which was of borderline significance. When total duration of use was considered, the risk of breast cancer was virtually unrelated to age at first OC use and latency from first use. The results suggest that long-term use of OCs may increase the risk of breast cancer in young women.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Age as a prognostic factor in breast cancer.

The influence of age on survival was studied in an unselected series of 31,594 females with breast cancer reported to The Cancer Registry of Norway during 1955-1980. The prognosis was best in patients aged 35 to 49 years, and poorest in the older (greater than or equal to 75 years) and the younger patients (less than or equal to 34 years). These trends were present in all stages and periods of diagnosis. The poor outcome among the older patients may, in part, be related to less aggressive treatment, while differences in treatment procedures hardly explain the poor prognosis among the younger patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Formation of biogenic amines in herring and mackerel.

The formation of biogenic amines (histamine, cadaverine, putrescine and spermidine) was followed during vacuum packed storage at 2 degrees C or 10 degrees C in the scombroid fish mackerel and in the non-scombroid fish herring. Also the changes in the content of free amino acids and in the organoleptic and microbiological qualities were followed. At 10 degrees C the amine contents were 2-20 times higher at the time of rejection as compared with samples stored at 2 degrees C. In herring and mackerel similar amounts of histamine were accumulated, whilst cadaverine was formed at much higher levels in mackerel compared with herring. The high contents of cadaverine in mackerel can possibly explain why mackerel and not herring are often implicated in incidents of scombrotoxic poisoning.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1986

Vowel perception: a neuroradiological localization of the perception of vowels in the human cortex.

Whether the perception of vowels takes place in the right or left cerebral hemisphere, or is dependent on bilateral cortical processes, is of importance in our treatment of patients with language deficiencies. To investigate this problem a phonetic test with a series of vowellike stimuli was administered to 68 right-handed adult patients with cerebral lesions, mainly of vascular origin. The results were compared to the results in a control group of 19 speech therapists. Second, a neuroradiologic method was developed in order to visualize the anatomic site of Wernicke's area in the left hemisphere on CT scans. This method formed the basis for an evaluation of the extent and localization of the patients' lesions in Wernicke's area. Of 46 patients with lesions in the left hemisphere, 19 had no perceptual disturbances and 27 had severe perceptual disturbances with lesions predominantly located in Wernicke's area. Twenty-two patients with lesions in the corresponding area in the right hemisphere showed no perceptual disturbances. The results of this investigation appear to indicate that the perception of vowels in right-handed persons is unilaterally located in Wernicke's area in the left hemisphere.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Weekly adriamycin versus VAC in advanced breast cancer. A randomized trial.

In a prospective randomised study 128 patients with advanced breast cancer were treated either with Adriamycin (20 mg/week) or vincristine, Adriamycin and cyclophosphamide (VAC). An objective response was obtained in 31 and 35% of patients in the two groups. There was no significant difference with regard to duration of response or survival. Weekly low dose Adriamycin was well tolerated. When subjective side effects occurred, they were usually slight and transient. In approx. 40% of the patients no side-effects at all were observed. Eight per cent had alopecia requiring a wig. Only slight myelosuppression could be seen in a few patients and this had no practical implications. Most or all of VAC patients experienced severe toxicity with regard to nausea, vomiting and alopecia. Also myelosuppression was more pronounced among VAC patients. It is concluded that weekly doses of Adriamycin as single agent therapy for advanced breast cancer is as effective as the VAC combination delivered every third week, with considerably less toxicity.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1986

Mortality and cancer incidence in a small cohort of miners exposed to low levels of alpha radiation.

Due to the continuing controversy over the effects on humans of low-level ionizing radiation, overall mortality and cancer incidence among miners from a magnetite mine was investigated. The study comprises 332 underground miners. The average concentration of Rn progeny is presently 0.10-0.15 working levels (WL). Included in the study were those employed for more than 36 months in the period 1940-1960, who were still alive in 1953. The follow-up period covers 1953-1980. Mortality was equal to estimated values based on age-specific national figures. The observed/expected ratio for lung cancer incidence was 1.1. Comparison was also made to 190 miners from a mine with negligible radiation (less than 0.02 WL). The same mortality was observed, but this mine showed a ratio for lung cancer incidence of 2.2. The study population is too small to repudiate the hypothesis of increased health risk after exposure to low levels of alpha radiation.

Alpha Particles↗
PubMed1986

Treatment of T2/T3 bladder carcinoma: total cystectomy with and without preoperative irradiation.

Total cystectomy with or without preoperative radiotherapy was performed in 122 patients with T2/T3 bladder carcinoma (group 1:42 patients, 23 X 2 Gy; group 2:34 patients, 5 X 4 Gy; group 3:46 patients, 0 Gy). Crude and disease-free survival was 40 and 54%, respectively, in this retrospective study. No survival difference was observed between the different groups. 'Stage reduction' in the cystectomy specimen (P less than T) was the only significant prognostic parameter and was seen in 24, 15 and 18 patients from groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Distant metastases were found in 47 patients during follow-up, equally distributed between the 3 groups, but significantly less often in patients with 'stage reduction'. In patients with T2/T3 bladder cancer, the role of precystectomy radiotherapy remains undefined, though there might be a nonidentifiable subgroup of patients (about 20%) who probably benefit from preoperative irradiation. Preferably short-term radiotherapy should be applied. As distant metastases represent the most common reason for treatment failure after total cystectomy, the role of adjuvant systemic chemotherapy has to be explored in further clinical studies.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Differential control of U1 small nuclear RNA expression during mouse development.

During normal mouse development the relative amounts of two types of U1 small nuclear RNA's (U1 RNA) change significantly. Fetal tissues have comparable levels of the two major types of mouse U1 RNA's, mU1a and mU1b, whereas most differentiated adult tissues contain only mU1a RNA's. Those adult tissues that also accumulate detectable amounts of embryonic (mU1b) RNA's (for example, testis, spleen, and thymus) contain a significant proportion of stem cells capable of further differentiation. Several strains of mice express minor sequence variants of U1 RNA's that are subject to the same developmental controls as the major types of adult and embryonic U1 RNA. The differential accumulation of embryonic U1 RNA's may influence the pattern of gene expression during early development and differentiation.

Aging↗