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Biomedical subjects

E Lopez

Publications and source records attributed to E Lopez.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Anticytotoxin-neutralizing antibodies in immune globulin preparations: potential use in hemolytic-uremic syndrome.

The pathogenesis of primary (classic) hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is thought to be related to cytotoxin-producing enteric pathogens such as Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 and Escherichia coli serotypes O157:H7 and 026:H11. The relevant cytotoxins include Shiga toxin and the closely related Shiga-like toxins (SLTs) produced by some E. coli strains. Intravenously administered immune globulin (IVIG) therapy has been reported to be beneficial in a few children with HUS. We therefore examined commercially available immune globulin preparations for the presence of anticytotoxin-neutralizing antibodies. Cytotoxicity and neutralization of the HUS-associated cytotoxins were quantitatively determined by means of a (3H)thymidine-labeled HeLa cell assay. The immune globulin preparations tested almost completely neutralized Shiga toxin (produced by S. dysenteriae 1) and SLT-I (produced by E. coli serotype 026:H11). Twofold dilutions of the preparations showed significant (p less than 0.01) neutralizing titers of 1:64 to 1:128. No significant neutralization (greater than 20%) of SLT-II (produced by E. coli strain C600 (933W] was noted. The IVIG preparation lost its inhibitory activity when passed through a protein A-Sepharose column, which bound immune globulin, indicating that its neutralizing effect is related to the antibody content. We also examined sera from 30 children without diarrhea or HUS; only one child had neutralizing titers against Shiga toxin (1:64) and SLT-I (1:128). Immune globulin preparations contain anticytotoxin-neutralizing antibodies, a finding that warrants further investigation of the therapeutic role of these preparations in early treatment of children with HUS related to Shiga toxin and SLT-I.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Perineal urethrocutaneous fistula complicating ischiectomy.

The role of ischiectomy for the repair and/or prevention of ischial ulcers is controversial. We report a rare complication of a perineal urethrocutaneous fistula following ischiectomy and flap closure to repair an ischial ulcer. This complication and its management are reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

A method for quantifying the area of closed pressure sores by sinography and digitometry.

Neurologically impaired and elderly patients who remain in the same position for prolonged periods risk developing pressure sores. The most insidious of these are closed pressure sores. Conservative treatment of closed pressure sores frequently is the only treatment option. However, no systematic method to assess the effectiveness of conservative treatment modalities exists. The purposes of this study were to develop a method for quantifying the area of closed pressure sores by means of sinography and digitometry and to determine the utility of this method for monitoring healing. A convenience sample of 40 veterans with closed pressure sores was selected. Four individuals independently traced 116 regions from 30 sinograms of closed pressure sores from a subsample of ten patients. A fifth individual calculated areas of closed pressure sores in units, using digitometry. Findings and nursing implications will be presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Correlations among measures of cognitive ability, creativity, and academic achievement for gifted minority children.

This study explored the correlations among nonverbal reasoning ability, creativity, and academic achievement in gifted minority children, 89 girls and 71 boys in Grades 1 through 8 in a program for gifted. A random half of students from all grade levels were tested at the beginning of the year and the remaining half after 7 mo. with Raven Progressive Matrices, Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking, and the California Achievement Test. Pearson correlations reflected limited relations among these variables except for a significant positive value between creativity and reading achievement. Suggestions for further study and implications for identification procedures and program development were provided.

Achievement↗
PubMed1987

Induction of spermatogenesis and spermiation by a single injection of human chorionic gonadotropin in intact and hypophysectomized immature European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.).

Intact and hypophysectomized male silver eels (Anguilla anguilla) in fresh water received a single injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (250 C) or solvent (0.15 M NaCl). No effect of solvent was observed. Spermatogonia proliferated in testis of hCG-treated intact or hypophysectomized eels. One month after the injection, primary and secondary spermatocytes were found. After 3 months, numerous spermatozoa were present. In hypophysectomized eels, hCG was also effective even though maturing germ cells were less numerous and spermiation was less frequent than in intact animals. Within 1 week after hCG injection, plasma levels of free and glucuroconjugated androgens (testosterone and 11-oxotestosterone) rose significantly in intact and hypophysectomized fish. The highest values were observed within 1 month, and then plasma levels decreased to pretreatment values. The most important changes were observed in the case of free 11-oxotestosterone. The long-term effects of hCG can be explained partly by the long half-life of this hormone. The effects of hypophysectomy on the response of testis to hCG caused us to think that some endogenous pituitary secretions must interfere in the intact fish so that maximal effects of hCG, especially on the induction of spermiation, are obtained.

Anguilla↗
PubMed1987

Placental abnormalities in systemic lupus erythematosus: in situ deposition of antinuclear antibodies.

We studied 5 placentae from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) for the presence of immunopathologic changes. We found antinuclear antibodies (ANA) deposited along the villi, trophoblast and amnion producing a lupus band-like pattern. The ANA were IgG class and had C3 fixing activity. Of the T cell subsets found in the placenta, OKT8 was the predominant type in patients with SLE and controls. All the patients were ANA positive, and 1 was also positive for anti-Ro(SSA). One newborn, positive for ANA and anti-Ro(SSA), developed neonatal lupus, 1 infant with a cardiac septal defect was ANA negative, and the other infants were normal. Our study demonstrates that in pregnant women with SLE, ANA deposition occurs in the placenta in situ.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗
PubMed1987

[In vitro translation of RNA extracted from corpuscules of Stannius of the eel (Anguilla anguilla); identification of the precursor of parathyrin in the corpuscules of Stannius (PCS)].

Corpuscles of Stannius (CS) of Teleosts secrete a PTH like hormone (Parathyrin of CS: PCS) which is involved in calcium metabolism by acting mainly at the gill level. Translated products encoded by mRNA extracted from Eel Corpuscles of Stannius and among these, translated products immunoprecipitated by anti b-PTH immunserum were compared to the products synthetized during incubation of the glands with labelled methionine. The analysis was performed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography. Biosynthesis of the PCS involves a mRNA encoding for a 45 kD precursor which is immunoprecipitated by anti b-PTH immunserum and totally displaced from antibody, either by 1-34 h-PTH or by purified PCS.

Anguilla↗
PubMed1987

Co-localization and secretion of parathyrin of Stannius corpuscles (immunoreactive parathyroid hormone) and of secretory glycoproteins including secretory protein-I in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.).

Until recently, teleosts were considered to be devoid of parathyroids. We showed recently that the corpuscles of Stannius, that structurally have features in common with the parathyroid gland, produce a molecule resembling mammalian parathyroid hormone (PTH). We refer to this molecule as parathyrin of corpuscles of Stannius (PCS). Parathyroid secretory protein-I (SP-I) is an acidic glycoprotein, probably identical to adrenal chromogranin A, that is co-stored and co-secreted with PTH. In the present study, PCS was localized in secretory granules of fresh water eels by immunocytochemistry. In addition, several glycoproteins were identified in these granules by periodic acid-Schiff staining and/or concanavalin A lectin binding. One of the glycoproteins that was positive with periodic acid-Schiff, but not with concanavalin A, cross-reacted with antisera to bovine parathyroid secretory protein-I. When the eels were made hypercalcemic by injecting calcium or pituitary extract, there was a coincidental translocation of the PCS, immunoreactive SP-I and the glycoproteins, suggestive that these granules were undergoing exocytosis. Immunoblot analysis of saline extract of the corpuscles of Stannius confirmed that immunoreactive SP-I was present in the tissue. It exhibited a molecular mass of about 55 kDa compared to about 70-80 kDa exhibited by mammalian SP-I when analyzed by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Effect of prolonged water deprivation on weight gain and water metabolism in a gerbillid rodent (Meriones shawi shawi)].

The effect of prolonged water deprivation, applied progressively since weaning, was studied on body weight in growing sub-desert rodents (Meriones shawi). Then, water metabolism, food consumption and kidney weight were measured in these adults animals. During partial water deprivation the weight curve was similar to that of controls, whereas with total water deprivation three different stages were noticed: a decrease, a stabilization and an increase in body weight as a function of age. At the end of the experiment, the body water volume was similar in dehydrated and in control animals. However, in water deprived animals, there was a lower rate of water influx and efflux compared to controls. Their food consumption was two-fold that of controls. Dehydrated meriones showed a significant increase in kidney weight as compared to controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effects of hypophysectomy on the testis of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.).

The pituitary control of testis activity in the freshwater silver European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) was investigated by study of some variations of gonad structure and particularly changes in plasma levels of testosterone and 11-oxotestosterone (radioimmunoassay) following hypophysectomy. Germ cells comprised only spermatogonia, which were associated with Sertoli cells to form cysts. No mitotic activity of spermatogonia was observed. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) was low. Plasma levels of the main androgens (testosterone, 11-oxotestosterone) were under 1 ng ml-1. The male gonad appeared immature. After hypophysectomy, GSI decreased rapidly and cysts of germ cells were rapidly dissociated. Plasma level of testosterone decreased significantly, whereas that of 11-oxotestosterone increased significantly. These changes were not observed in sham-operated eels. Thus pituitary control appears essential for the maintenance of structural organization and secretory activity of the immature testis.

Anguilla↗
PubMed1986

Role of amniocentesis in ultrasound-detected fetal malformations.

Sixty-three patients with antenatally diagnosed fetal malformations over the period of 14 months were prospectively offered genetic amniocentesis, irrespective of gestational age. An additional 15 patients were excluded from the study because of a known lethal malformation (13 anencephaly, two amniotic bands). Twenty patients accepted amniocentesis, and seven chromosomal disorders were found. Obstetric management was altered in some of these patients as a result of the anomalies.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Infarct rupture of the heart. A clinical case operated on with success].

A 48-year-old woman was admitted for acute myocardial infarction with a normal clinical course. On the fifth day a new chest pain occurred, with low cardiac output and high central venous pressure; a pericardial effusion was present at the echocardiogram. The clinical picture improved with intensive medical care but, on the tenth day, there was a relapse with a life-threatening heart tamponade. An emergency operation was performed without previous heart catheterization. The pericardium was tense and contained about 300 ml of clots; in a wide infarcted area of the lateral wall of the left ventricle two small perforations were evident. Primary reconstruction was accomplished with interrupted stitches supported by Teflon felt strips. The bypass weaning was easy and the postoperative clinical course uneventful. We believe that the cardiac rupture is a surgical emergency; the non-invasive diagnosis is possible; the coronary angiography and revascularization must be postponed.

Emergencies↗
PubMed1985

[Not Available].

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Demography↗
PubMed1984

Immunocytochemical detection in eel corpuscles of Stannius of a mammalian parathyroid-like hormone.

Stannius corpuscles of the eel synthesize and secrete a mammalian parathyroid-like hormone called parathyrin of CS (PCS). PCS has been localized in the cytoplasm of all cells in the corpuscles, detection being by indirect immunofluorescence with an antiserum anti-1-84 bovine hormone (PTH). The specificity of the reaction was demonstrated by inhibition of the fluorescent staining with 1-84 bovine PTH and the active fragment 1-34 of human PTH. Variations of the cellular localization of the PCS or a complete depletion of the hormonal content, in all cells, were observed in eels made hypercalcemic by Ca overloading. The secretory activity of the two types of CS cells may be regulated by the plasma Ca2+ concentration.

Animals↗