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Biomedical subjects

E Levine

Publications and source records attributed to E Levine.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Measurement of cortical thickness in a human cadaver femur. Conventional roentgenography versus computed tomography.

Mechanical testing of bone specimens provides information on the fundamental properties of bone and greater understanding of the mechanisms for specific injury patterns. Because the shaft of a long bone can be considered a cylinder, relatively simple models can be used to predict the response of bone to applied forces. However, the cortex thickness along the shaft must be known prior to stressing and fracturing the bone. Conventional roentgenograms and computed tomographic (CT) scans were used to measure at 300 points along the femoral shaft. Both roentgenograms and CT scans overestimated the measured cortical thicknesses by 6% (+/- 11.1%) and 13.4% (+/- 7.8%), respectively. While the roentgenographic method is more accurate, the CT method is technically easier to implement and more generally suitable for the purposes of most research.

Femur↗
PubMed1981

Carcinoma of the pancreas presenting as acute pancreatitis: CT diagnosis.

Three cases are reported in which acute pancreatitis was the presenting manifestation of an underlying carcinoma of the head of the pancreas. The rare association of acute pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinoma is reviewed and possible pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed. An underlying neoplasm should be suspected in a middle-aged or elderly patient presenting for the first time with acute pancreatitis for which no other cause is found. CT may suggest the correct diagnosis by identifying focal rather than diffuse pancreatic involvement, pancreatic duct dilatation, or lymphadenopathy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Direct longitudinal computed tomography of the forearm.

A method is outlined for obtaining direct longitudinal computed tomograms of the forearm using a conventional total body scanner. A case is described in which longitudinal scanning helped define a soft tissue tumor of the forearm and thereby assisted in surgical planning.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Computed tomography of musculoskeletal tumors.

Modern chemotherapy has resulted in increased survival and even cure in many patients with malignant bone and soft tissue tumors. As a results, whereas amputation was commonly practiced in the past, many centers now use limb preservation surgery in selected patients. This technique requires accurate preoperative assessment of tumor location, extent and relationships, and the role of different imaging techniques, including conventional radiography, CT, radionuclide scanning, sonography and angiography in evaluating these parameters is discussed. CT provides the most accurate technique currently available for assessing the local extent of musculoskeletal tumors and has thus had a significant effect on their management. An algorithmic approach to the evaluation of musculoskeletal tumors is proposed.

Angiography↗
PubMed1980

Comparison of computed tomography and ultrasound in abdominal staging of renal cancer.

The relative accuracy of computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound in abdominal staging of renal cancer was determined in 22 patients. CT is capable of detecting tumor invasion of perinephric fat and adjacent muscles, which cannot usually be shown by ultrasound. While both CT and ultrasound demonstrate venous and retroperitoneal tumor extension, CT is more reliable since bowel gas not infrequently obscures the retroperitoneum on ultrasonic scanning. However, ultrasound will often provide valuable information; and whenever a solid renal mass is detected by echography using prone scans, abdominal scans should be obtained for staging pruposes.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Hemodynamic and oxygen transport effects of a perfluorochemical blood substitute, fluosol-DA (20%).

Cardiorespiratory measurements were made in a severely anemic patient (hemoglobin concentration of 3.5 g/dl) who was preoperatively given the perfluorochemical blood substitute (Fluosol-DA, 20%). Hemodynamic and oxygen transport variables were monitored, including arterial and mixed venous oxygen content (CaO2 and CVO2) before, during, and after infusion of 1000 ml of Fluosol as well as throughout the intraoperative period. Blood samples revealed a maximum of 2.7% of the perfluorochemical. The CaO2 increased 37% above the CaO2 calculated without Fluosol; i.e., 5.8 +/- 0.1 to 8.1 +/- 0.6 ml/dl, p < 0.01. The cardiac index (CI) decreased from 7.2 +/- 0.2 to 5.9 +/- 0.8 L/min . M2 and the left ventricular stroke work decreased from 67 +/- 6 to 58 +/- 13 g . M/M2, while the oxygen delivery increased, and the total body oxygen consumption (VO2) remained essentially unchanged.l Intraoperatively, 27% of the O2 delivery and 51% of the VO2 were transported by Fluosol. No adverse effects of the fluosol were noted.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Sagittal and coronal CT image reconstruction: application in assessing the inferior vena cava in renal cancer.

Sagittal and coronal computed tomographic (CT) images of the inferior vena cava were reconstructed in 30 cases of renal cancer. These images proved most useful in detecting or excluding vena caval extension of tumor. The reconstructed CT images showed excellent correlation with findings on inferior vena cavography. It is considered that reconstruction CT may be useful in the staging of patients with renal cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

CT for intracavitary radiotherapy planning.

Twenty-two patients with malignant uterine tumors were examined with computed tomography (CT) for treatment planning after insertion of an afterloading Fletcher applicator. The CT findings maximized the individualization of treatment planning, including the number, dosage, and loading arrangement of radioactive sources. Artifacts were produced by the metal; but in most cases the scans accurately portrayed the three-dimensional anatomic relationship of the applicator, uterus, and neighboring vital structures. The CT information made it possible to calculate dose distribution more rapidly and accurately for both intracavitary therapy and combined intracavitary and external therapy. Unsuspected uterine perforation was detected by CT in one case.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Computed tomographic and ultrasonic appearances of primary carcinoma of the common bile duct.

Two patients with obstructive jaundice due to surgically proved primary carcinoma of the common bile duct were examined by CT and ultrasound. The combination of the two modalities showed dilatation of the extrahepatic biliary system and the main pancreatic duct. The diagnosis of primary bile duct carcinoma is suggested by these findings in the presence of a normal pancreatic head, although similar findings may occur with a small pancreatic or ampullary carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Renal pseudoenlargement due to masses in posterior pararenal space.

Two patients presenting with acute flank pain had unilateral smooth enlargement of a kidney on excretory urography with associated attenuation of the collecting system. This presentation suggested intrinsic renal disease, but sonography showed the urographic findings to be due in each case to a mass in the posterior pararenal space. By displacing the kidney anteriorly and away from the x-ray film, such masses will result in radiographic enlargement of the renal outline, i.e., renal pseudoenlargement. The distinction between true renal enlargement and pseudoenlargement may be made by sonography.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1979

Computed tomography in the diagnosis of renal carcinoma complicating Hippel-Lindau syndrome.

Four patients on long-term follow-up for Hippel-Lindau syndrome (HLS) are presented. All had undergone nephrectomy for renal carcinoma; in 2, carcinoma subsequently developed in the remaining kidney. Because of the tendency of these tumors to develop bilaterally, wide local resection is preferable to radical nephrectomy if the tumors can be diagnosed when small and noninvasive. CT is currently the most accurate method of regularly screening patients with HLS for asymptomatic renal carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of computed tomography and other imaging modalities in the evaluation of musculoskeletal tumors.

An algorithmic approach for the evaluation of musculoskeletal tumors is proposed on the basis of a prospective comparison of different imaging techniques in 50 unselected patients. Conventional radiography was superior to other techniques in predicting the nature of primary bone tumors. Computed tomography proved the most effective method for assessing the extent of musculoskeletal tumors and therefore had a significant influence on management in 66% of patients studied. CT was more informative than angiography and also provided more anatomical detail than ultrasound. Radionuclide scanning was mainly of value in detecting unsuspected skeletal metastases in patients with apparently solitary skeletal lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Preoperative determination of abdominal extent of renal cell carcinoma by computed tomography.

CT scans were assessed for ability to detect abdominal extent of tumor in 17 patients with renal cell carcinoma. Computed tomography has a unique advantage over other imaging modalities in that it can distinguish between tumors confined to Gerota's fascia and those which show contiguous spread, invading adjacent structures such as muscles, liver and the periaortic and pericaval regions. CT can also detect regional lymph node metastases and tumor extension into the renal vein and inferior vena cava. Preoperative assessment of tumor extent helps to determine patient prognosis, surgical approach and whether transcatheter tumor embolization should be used.

Adenocarcinoma↗