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Biomedical subjects

E Larsen

Publications and source records attributed to E Larsen.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Three days cefoxitin in perforated appendicitis.

This study was undertaken to assess the efficacy and safety of a 3-day course of treatment with Mefoxitin (cefoxitin sodium, MSD) in patients with perforated or ruptured appendicitis. A series of 235 patients undergoing surgery for perforated or ruptured appendicitis were treated with cefoxitin for 3 days. Twenty-four patients (10%) developed wound infection and 28 (12%) developed an intra-abdominal abscess postoperatively. No side effects were observed during the study. Compared with the results of our previous series, where a 5-day course of cefoxitin was used, the incidence of wound infection was similar. However the incidence of intra-abdominal abscesses in the present series was significantly higher (p less than 0.01). The results seem to indicate that a 3-day course of cefoxitin is as effective as a 5-day course in controlling the incidence of wound infection following surgery for perforated or ruptured appendicitis, whereas the 3-day course seems to be inferior to a 5-day course in controlling the incidence of intra-abdominal abscesses.

Abscess↗
PubMed1986

Experimental instability of the ankle. A radiographic investigation.

For determination of the optimal position in examining the ankle joint for anterior drawer sign and talar tilting, 12 legs freshly amputated above the knee were radiographically examined after successive transection of the lateral ankle ligaments in three different sequences. Apparatuses secured the position of the ankle joint in 25 degrees of inward rotation and 10 degrees and 30 degrees, respectively, of plantarflexion. Examination for anterior drawer sign gave significantly greater displacement with the foot in 10 degrees than with the foot in 30 degrees of plantarflexion and was most pronounced after the cutting of the anterior talofibular ligament. Examination for talar tilt gave a non-significantly greater displacement at 10 degrees of plantarflexion, except when cutting both the posterior talofibular and the anterior talofibular ligament. Isolated cutting of the calcaneofibular ligament gave only little displacement irrespective of the method used. Radiographic examination should be performed with 10 degrees of plantarflexion to obtain maximal displacement and 25 degrees of inward rotation of the leg to obtain a free ankle mortise in the anteroposterior projection and concentric arcs of the joint surfaces in the side projection.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Two separable steps in the development of platelet prothrombin-converting activity.

Platelets catalyze conversion of prothrombin to thrombin in the presence of coagulation Factors Va and Xa. Bovine Factor Va was found to bind to human and bovine platelets washed by centrifugal pelleting. Factor Va was bound to sites varying in affinities but only those sites saturated at approximately 1 mM are active. Platelets in citrate or benzamidine-anticoagulated plasma or those washed by gel filtration bound substantially less Factor Va with these affinities, indicating that the binding sites increased in number or affinity or both during the centrifugal pelleting and redispersal. Thrombin production catalyzed by platelets with developed binding sites started at a low initial rate but after a lag period rapidly reached a maximum rate. Addition of 0.25 mM dinitrophenol increased the lag period and decreased the maximum rate obtained concomitantly with the reduction in ATP levels. Neither dinitrophenol nor its induced depletion of the ATP levels reduced Factor Va binding. Therefore, the activation of platelet prothrombin-converting activity was separated into two steps; one being the development of the high-affinity binding sites and the other a step partially dependent on sufficient levels of ATP within the platelet.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1985

Contact sensitivity and bioavailability of chlorocresol.

Chlorocresol sensitization from 5 topical preparations was determined in guinea pigs using the cumulative contact enhancement test. Chlorocresol 5% in olive oil/acetone (4/1), and 5% in aqueous suspension stabilized with carbomer 941 were more sensitizing (55% and 60% of the animals positive, respectively) than chlorocresol 5% in propylene glycol with or without carbomer 941 (20% positive). The sensitization from a saturated aqueous chlorocresol solution (about 0.38% w/v) was comparable to that of a 5% propylene glycol solution containing 13 times more chlorocresol. The fraction of the applied dose (from each preparation) that remained in the bandage material and the patch test skin site was determined by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using an isotopic dilution technique. From 0.2% to 1.6% of the applied doses remained at the patch test skin sites as free chlorocresol. 75% of the chlorocresol in aqueous suspension permeated the skin in contrast to 34% and 35% of the chlorocresol in olive oil/acetone (4/1) and propylene glycol, respectively. In spite of the same amount of chlorocresol absorption from the 2 latter preparations, they showed a significant difference in sensitizing capacity. No simple relationship between the sensitization rates and the calculated bioavailability was observed with the preparations tested.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Mandibular osteomas in familial polyposis coli.

Orthopantomograms of the mandible were performed on 46 patients with familial polyposis coli having no clinical signs of Gardner's syndrome and on 46 control patients matched according to age and sex. Thirty-five patients (76.1 per cent) and two (4.3 per cent) controls had osteomas (P less than 0.0005). It is concluded that orthopantomography of the mandible is a valuable diagnostic supplement to prophylactic proctosigmoidoscopic examination of first-degree relatives of polyposis patients. Due to the frequent occurrence of mandibular osteomas in polyposis patients without clinically detectable extracolonic manifestations, it is suggested that "Gardner's syndrome" is no longer considered a clinical entity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Sexual dysfunction after spinal cord or cauda equina lesions.

In the neurological follow-up 68 patients with a history of spinal cord or cauda lesions of different aetiology and in different stages of regression were examined and interviewed concerning pre- and postmorbid sexual function. As to sexual dysfunction there was no difference between men and women. There was little relationship between the patients' motor function and their present sexual activity. On the other hand there was a statistically significant relationship between bladder dysfunction and sexual dysfunction. In elderly patients sexual activity was often reduced and also in cases of complete neurological restitution. Stability of the patients' marriage was as in the population on the whole. It is concluded that not only young patients, but also elderly ones, had a need for sexual rehabilitation after treatment for spinal cord or cauda equina lesion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Value of early attention to spinal compression syndromes.

In a consecutive series of 125 patients with spinal compression syndromes, neurological regression was evaluated in relation to the time interval from (a) initial symptoms (patient delay), (b) diagnostic recognition (diagnostic delay), and (c) decision on treatment (therapeutic delay) until the time of definitive treatment. Patients with benign lesions showed a statistically significant negative correlation between the duration of (a) + (b) + (c) and the therapeutic result. In cancer patients there was a tendency for rapid progression of the disease to give a poorer result than in patients in whom the course was more insidious. In all, 77 patients improved after a short therapeutic delay (14 h), while in the remaining 48 the status was unchanged or worse after a long delay (34 h); this is a highly significant difference.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Taping the ankle for chronic instability.

Twenty patients with chronic ankle instability were examined radiographically for anterior talar displacement and talar tilting. The examinations were carried out with the ankles untaped and taped, and the taped ankles were examined again after 20 min running. The measurable instability was significantly improved after taping, but after exercise this was seen only for talar tilting. Generally, the best stabilizing effect of taping was obtained in the ankles with the greatest degree of instability. After exercise, all but one of the adhesive taping bandages were loose and were mostly acting as canvas boots, affording the ankle only limited protection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Surgery for recurrent dislocation of the peroneal tendons.

Thirty-five patients with recurrent dislocation of the peroneal tendons were operated a.m. Du Vries. One patient had bilateral dislocations. The dislocation was traumatic in 28 cases and idiopathic in eight. Peroperative complications occurred in eight of the 36 patients due to malposition of a screw, fracture of the malleolus and/or fracture of the bone graft. The follow-up period was 5 years. In 31 cases the functional results were satisfactory. Five cases were unsatisfactory due to re-dislocation, subluxation or a vague feeling of instability. The inserted screw was the cause of moderate complaints in 15 cases. The Du Vries' operation is technically difficult; the sliding bone graft must be of adequate size; the position of the screw should be checked radiographically during the operation; and the screw should be removed when the bone graft has healed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Oral supplementation of myoinositol: effects on peripheral nerve function in human diabetics and on the concentration in plasma, erythrocytes, urine and muscle tissue in human diabetics and normals.

28 young diabetics with short disease duration participated in a double-blind study by taking 6 g of myoinositol or placebo daily for 2 months. The aim was to demonstrate a possible beneficial effect of this compound on subclinical diabetic neuropathy. Measurement of vibratory perception threshold, motor and sensory conduction velocity and amplitude of nerve potential did not disclose any effect of the myoinositol given. In accordance with this, no indication for a lack of myoinositol in human diabetic blood or tissue could be found. The concentration of myoinositol in the plasma and erythrocyte of 4 human diabetics was normal or high, even though the loss of urinary myoinositol was greater than in the case of 4 normals. Further, an analysis of the content of free and lipid-bound myoinositol in muscle biopsies taken from the 4 diabetics did not give any indication of deficiency. The content of myoinositol in their muscle tissue remained uninfluenced by oral supplementation of myoinositol.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

Gas chromatographic mass spectrometric determination of myo-inositol in humans utilizing a deuterated internal standard.

The isotopic dilution technique was used for determining the content of myo-inositol in human urine, plasma and haemolysed erythrocyte samples. A deuterated myo-inositol, synthesized from inosose-2 by base-catalysed exchange of hydrogens by deuterium, followed by reduction of the inosose with 2H2, was added as internal standard to the samples at an early stage in the analytical procedure. After separation and derivatization to the hexa-acetate, the gas chromatographic mass spectrometric analysis was carried out. A 25 m fused silica capillary column coated with methyl silicone was used, and the ions selected for monitoring were m/z 210 and m/z 214, which are characteristic and abundant fragment ions from unlabelled and hexadeuterated myo-inositolhexa-acetate, respectively. Calibration curves from water, urine, plasma and haemolysed erythrocytes show parallel, linear responses in the ratio between analyte and internal standard in the area of interest (0.2-2.0).

Deuterium↗
PubMed1981

Inter-laboratory comparison of acid-base variable in human blood and in quality control materials.

Routine results, pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and of oxygen (pO2), and standard hydrogen carbonate ion concentration (SBC) in identical specimens of arterial blood from patients deviate substantially. The results from seven laboratories (each laboratory examining the same 12 patients and the same five types of quality control materials) and evaluation in terms of accuracy and precision suggest the variations between days (delta 2) and single measurements (sigma 2) to be the main factors for these deviations. A reduction of these variations must have the highest priority in quality control programmes, since the variations mask possible true level deviations between laboratories. The five control materials (Qualicheck, Quantra whole blood level I-II-III and hemolyzed donor blood) are not fully optimal as substitutes for patient blood in such quality control programmes.

Aged↗