Biomedical subjects

E Lange

Publications and source records attributed to E Lange.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Protection of gruntlings against classical swine fever virus-infection after oral vaccination of sows with C-strain vaccine.

The objective of this study was to investigate the maternal protection of gruntlings derived from wild sows vaccinated orally against classical swine fever (CSF) using C-strain vaccine. Three vaccinated sows and one unvaccinated control sow were included. Challenge infection of the progeny was carried out either intranasally or by contact at the beginning of the third month of life (61-65 days post-natum). Whereas, two of three litters had maternal antibodies, the progeny of one vaccinated sow was seronegative at challenge. The progeny of the control sow, which was challenged by contact infection, developed moderate clinical signs except for one animal which became ill and died. Two gruntlings derived from the vaccinated sows also died of CSF, although one of them had a relatively high maternal antibody titre (128 ND(50)). The transient infection and partial virus shedding observed in a small number of gruntlings with maternal antibodies and the fact that one animal with maternal antibodies became ill and died confirm the incomplete maternal protection at this age. The reason for this incomplete protection is discussed. As none of the surviving gruntlings could be shown to carry CSFV or viral RNA at the end of the experiment (36 or 70 d.p.i.), it may be concluded that these animals do not represent a potential CSFV reservoir.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Evaluation of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the phosphodiesterase 4D gene (PDE4D) and their association with ischaemic stroke in a large German cohort.

Genetic fine mapping of the first locus identified for genetically complex forms of stroke, STRK1 (which has been mapped to chromosome 5q12 in Icelandic families), has identified the phosphodiesterase 4D gene (PDE4D) gene as a good candidate gene. Association analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PDE4D gene in an Icelandic stroke cohort demonstrated genetic association between six SNPs in the 5' region of PDE4D and ischaemic stroke. The present study aimed to test whether the same six SNPs in PDE4D were also associated with stroke in a large stroke cohort from northern Germany (stroke patients with acute completed ischaemic stroke: n = 1181; population based controls: n = 1569). None of the six SNPs showed significant association with ischaemic stroke in the whole stroke sample before and after adjustment for conventional stroke risk factors (age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolaemia). Haplotype analysis did also not reveal any significant association. Marginally positive statistical measures of association in the subgroup with cardioembolic stroke did not remain significant after correction for multiple testing. In conclusion, this study was unable to demonstrate an association between the six SNPs which had showed significant single marker association with stroke in the Icelandic stroke cohort and ischaemic stroke in a large German cohort.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗

PubMed2004

Studies on the virulence of two field isolates of the classical Swine Fever virus genotype 2.3 rostock in wild boars of different age groups.

The virulence of two isolates of the classical swine fever virus (CSFV) was studied in experimentally infected wild boars of different ages. The isolates, originating from wild boars shot in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (isolate '1829-NVP') and in Rhineland-Palatinate (isolate '11722-WIL'), belong to the genetic subgroup 2.3 Rostock. Clinical picture, transient viraemia, virus excretion and gross lesions at necropsy as well as a failure of virus detection at the end of the experiment revealed that this virus subtype was only moderately virulent. Whereas one subadult wild boar and both 7-week-old wild boar piglets infected intranasally became sick and died, only one of three 8-week-old animals which survived after contact infection remained CSFV positive until the end of the experiment [34 days post infection (dpi)], although neutralizing antibodies were present. This underlines the role of young boars in CSF epidemics. The isolate '11722-WIL' was shed by an infected adult wild boar and was transmitted to susceptible piglets. Interestingly, all animals which became sick and died also were found to be infected with a secondary pathogen. Therefore, we assume that after infection with moderately virulent CSFV simultaneous infections with other pathogens may be important for the clinical course and the outcome of the disease as well as for a spread of the virus in field.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Classical swine fever virus Strain 'C'. How long is it detectable after oral vaccination?

To determine the persistence period of C-strain vaccine virus in immunized animals, domestic pigs and wild boars were vaccinated orally and killed on different days post vaccinationem (dpv). Tissue samples were taken at necropsy from both species for detection of C-strain virus. From domestic pigs nasal swabs and faeces were also collected. During the investigation period (2-12 dpv) vaccine virus could never be detected in nasal secretions and in faeces of vaccinated domestic pigs. In contrast, C-strain virus was found in organs until day 8 pv in domestic pigs and until day 9 pv in wild boars. Whereas in domestic pigs virus was detected in tonsils, Ln. mandibularis or in spleen, in wild boar it only was found in tonsils. We conclude that C-strain vaccine virus is not detectable in wild boars longer than 10-12 days after intake of the vaccine baits.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed2004

Does multiple oral vaccination of wild boar against classical swine fever (CSF) have a positive influence on the immunity?

We studied the efficacy of multiple vaccinations of wild boar against classical swine fever (CSF) using a C-strain vaccine. The study consisted of two experiments. In the first experiment, 7 to 8 months old animals were vaccinated either three or four times at an interval of 7 days or twice at an interval of 14 or 28 days. In the second experiment, the efficacy of oral immunisation in young boars (3 months old) was examined after fivefold vaccination at intervals of 14 or 28 days. Independently of the immunisation scheme all wild boar developed neutralising antibodies. An evaluation of the antibody titres 28 days after the initial vaccine application showed that single vaccination and triple immunisation at an interval of 7 days induced the highest antibody titres (X > or = 1/80). In multiple vaccinated young boars (vaccinated at intervals of 14 or 28 days) the third vaccination led to a slight reduction or to an only moderate increase of the antibody titre. In a challenge study after the fifth vaccination all wild boar were protected (no viraemia, no virus excretion, no post-mortem virus detection in organs). This was confirmed by the fact that sentinel animals were not affected. Although other immunisation schemes also were effective, booster vaccination at an interval of 28 days is recommended as basic procedure for eradication of CSF in wild boar. Triple vaccination might also be used at the beginning of the control measures.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed2003

Role of birds in transmission of classical swine fever virus.

Active transmission of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) was studied in six birds (five ravens, one hooded crow) and two laying hens. Cloacal swabs, blood and organs of birds and hens as well as blood and organ samples of pigs which had been fed with faeces derived from CSFV infected birds or which had come in contact with faeces of infected hens were negative for CSFV. None of the animals seroconverted during the study. This result demonstrates that active virus transmission by these animals is unlikely. Dissemination of CSFV from wild boar to domestic pigs is discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Classical swine fever (CSF) marker vaccine. Trial II. Challenge study in pregnant sows.

The efficacy of two marker vaccines against classical swine fever (CSF) was tested in a large scale laboratory trial in several National Swine Fever Laboratories (NSFL) of the EU member states. The vaccines were: BAYOVAC CSF Marker (Vaccine A) from Bayer, Leverkusen, Germany and PORCILIS PESTI (Vaccine B) from Intervet, Boxmeer, The Netherlands. At the NSFL of Belgium, The Netherlands and Germany experiments were carried out to examine the ability of the vaccines to prevent transplacental transmission of CSF virus. In Belgium and The Netherlands pregnant sows were vaccinated once and challenged with virulent CSF virus 14 days later, which was around day 60 of gestation. At the NSFL in Germany sows were vaccinated twice, on days 25 and 46 of pregnancy and were challenged fourteen days after booster vaccination (day 60 of gestation). Apart from minor inflammatory reactions in some sows, no reactions post vaccination were noticed in either vaccine group. Sows vaccinated with Vaccine A were better protected against clinical CSF than sows vaccinated with Vaccine B. The antibody response after vaccination with Vaccine A was more pronounced than after vaccination with Vaccine B. After single vaccination six out of eight sows vaccinated with Vaccine A and all eight sows vaccinated with Vaccine B had viraemic piglets. After double vaccination one out of four litters from sows vaccinated with Vaccine A and four out of five litters from sows vaccinated with Vaccine B were found to be viraemic. However, both vaccines reduced the transmission probability significantly (Vaccine A: P=0.004, Vaccine B: P=0.024) after booster vaccination. However, Vaccine A appeared in this regard more potent as the estimated probability of fetal infections was lower. Nevertheless the risk of virus spreading after vaccination via transplacental transmission is still present and has to be addressed from an epidemiological point of view.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Two-scale analysis of the SU(N) kondo model

We show how to resolve coherent low-energy features embedded in a broad high-energy background by use of a fully self-consistent calculation for composite particle operators. The method generalizes the formulation of Roth, which linearizes the dynamics of composite operators at any energy scale. Self-consistent equations are derived and analyzed in the case of the single-impurity SU(N) Kondo model.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2000

Landau theory of the finite temperature mott transition

In the context of the dynamical mean-field theory of the Hubbard model, we identify microscopically an order parameter for the finite temperature Mott end point. We derive a Landau functional of the order parameter. We then use the order parameter theory to elucidate the singular behavior of various physical quantities which are experimentally accessible.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2000

Oral immunisation of wild boar against classical swine fever: evaluation of the first field study in Germany.

The effectiveness of oral immunisation of wild boar against classical swine fever (CSF) was studied in a field trial in Lower Saxony for two years, from 1993 to 1995. This field study was performed in an area of ca. 270 km(2)50% of young boars did not feed on vaccine baits nor become immunised. Therefore, an intensive hunting of this age group is a necessary adjunct to the use of oral vaccination. After the third immunisation period, no virus was detected in the areas where oral immunisation took place.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed2000

Maternal separation followed by early social deprivation affects the development of monoaminergic fiber systems in the medial prefrontal cortex of Octodon degus.

The influence of early postnatal socio-emotional deprivation on the development of tyrosine hydroxylase- and 5-hydroxytryptamine-immunoreactive fiber innervation in the medial prefrontal cortex was quantitatively investigated in the precocial rodent Octodon degus. Forty-five-days-old degus from two groups were compared: (i) degus which were repeatedly separated from their mothers during the first three postnatal weeks and after weaning reared in complete isolation; and (ii) degus which were reared under normal undisturbed social conditions. The two monoaminergic fiber systems in the four subregions of the medial prefrontal cortex responded differentially to the deprivation. While the infralimbic cortex was the only subregion that displayed an increase in 5-hydroxytryptamine-positive fiber densities (129.2%) but no changes in tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive fibers, the precentral medial (82.2%), anterior cingulate (74.6%) and prelimbic cortex (86.9%) showed significantly reduced tyrosine hydroxylase-positive fiber innervation, but no changes in 5-hydroxytryptamine-immunoreactive fiber densities. The number of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive somata in the ventral tegmental area and in the substantia nigra remained unchanged. In cortical areas the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive somata was increased (depending on the medial prefrontal cortex subregion between 241.8% and 398.7%) in deprived animals. This altered balance between the serotonergic and dopaminergic cortical innervation in the different subregions of the medial prefrontal cortex may reflect a counter-regulative anatomical and functional adaptation, which may be triggered by an altered activity of these transmitter systems during the phases of maternal separation and social isolation.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Transient classical swine fever virus infection in wild boar piglets partially protected by maternal antibodies.

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the clinical course of classical swine fever (CSF) in wild boar piglets partially protected by maternal antibodies. Five healthy wild boar piglets with a low serum titre of colostral antibodies against CSF virus were challenged with virulent CSF virus at the age of three months. Apart of reduced food intake and diarrhoea no major clinical symptoms were noticed after challenge. These signs were seen during the second and third week of infection, afterwards the piglets recovered completely. CSF virus could be re-isolated from blood samples taken on day 12 and day 19 post challenge. From blood samples taken later on and from the organ material taken at post mortem examinations no CSF virus could be isolated anymore. It can be concluded that the presence of maternal antibodies influences the clinical course of CSF in terms that the outcome is rather transient than lethal. Such wild boar could play a crucial role in the spread of CSF virus and might contribute to the maintenance of long lasting epizootics.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

[Trabeculectomy as the initial procedure in primary congenital glaucoma].

PURPOSE: To estimate the effectiveness of trabeculectomy performed in buphthalmic eyes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 42 eyes of 24 children, 14 boys and 10 girls. There were 18 children (32 eyes) operated on at the age from 7 days to 12 months (group I) and 6 patients (10 eyes) at the age from 3 to 7 years (group II) with primary congenital glaucoma. Corneal diameter ranged from 11.5 to 15 mm in infants, in 10 eyes of 6 children elder than 2 years it was from 13 to 15 mm. The axial length of eyeballs was from 19 to 23.5 mm. Forty five trabeculectomies were performed, in 3 cases they were repeated two and six years after the first procedure. Follow up was from 1 year to 22 years, mean 82 months, 7 years of group I, 6 years of group II. RESULTS: 29 of 42 eyes (64.2%) with intraocular pressure varied between 8 and 21 mm Hg, other eyes required additional local antiglaucoma treatment. Normal IOP was obtained in 95.2% of eyes. Trabeculectomy normalized IOP in 68.9% eyes of infants (group I), whereas in elder children the percentage came up to 50 (group II). In other eyes pharmacological agents decreased IOL to values below 21 mm Hg, in the group I in 97% of eyes and in the group II in 90% of cases. CONCLUSION: Trabeculectomy performed as a first procedure in primary congenital glaucoma is effective in infants and older children with buphthalmos in long-term follow-up. The necessity to perform this operation in very small children and even neonates does not always mean poor prognosis, and intraocular pressure can be stabilized at safe level for many years.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1999

Maternal separation and early social deprivation in Octodon degus: quantitative changes of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase-reactive neurons in the prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens.

The influence of postnatal socio-emotional deprivation on the development of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-diaphorase-reactive neurons in prefrontal cortical areas and in subdivisions of the nucleus accumbens was quantitatively investigated in the precocious rodent Octodon degus. Forty-five-days-old O. degus from two animal groups were compared: (i) degus which were repeatedly separated from their mothers during the first three postnatal weeks and after weaning reared in complete isolation; and (ii) degus which were reared under normal undisturbed social conditions. Socially-deprived animals displayed a significant decrease of NADPH-diaphorase-containing neurons in anterior cingulate cortex (85.5%), the same tendency was observed in the infralimbic, precentral medial and prelimbic prefrontal areas. Similarly, the core region of nucleus accumbens expressed reduced NADPH-diaphorase-reactive neuron numbers in deprived animals (70%), whereas the shell region remained unchanged. Since during normal postnatal development the number of NADPH-diaphorase-reactive neurons gradually decreases in all prefrontal cortical and accumbal regions, the observed deprivation-induced changes may reflect either an excessive reduction of NADPH-diaphorase-positive neurons or a down-regulation of the enzyme in neurons that normally express it. Since some NADPH-diaphorase-containing neurons in the prefrontal cortex have been shown to be GABAergic, it is tempting to speculate that a reduction of these inhibitory neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex may result in an enhanced excitatory output activity of disinhibited projection neurons in this cortical region, including those that project to the core region of the nucleus accumbens. Our results indicate a link between early adverse socio-emotional experience and the maturation of NADPH-reactive neurons and further studies are required to analyse the functional implication for this experience-induced brain pathology.

Aging↗

PubMed1999

Does porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus potentiate classical swine fever virus infection in weaner pigs?

Fifteen 6-week-old crossbred weaners weighing about 12 kg each were randomly divided into three groups of five animals each. One group of pigs was inoculated first with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus and then 3 days later with CSF virus. The second group received classical swine fever (CSF) virus, while the third group was inoculated with PRRS virus only. The aim of the experiment was to determine whether a primary PRRS virus infection influences the clinical outcome of experimentally induced CSF in young pigs. The PRRS virus infected weaners developed mild respiratory symptoms and recovered completely. All five weaners which were inoculated with CSF virus only showed severe clinical signs typical of the acute form of CSF. One pig had to be killed 15 days post-inoculation (p.i.); the remaining four died between the 18th and 22nd day p.i. The clinical course of the animals inoculated with both viruses was slightly different from that of the pigs that received only CSF virus. Four out of five pigs from the PRRS/CSF group became febrile and viraemic earlier than the animals which received CSF virus only. These pigs had to be killed 15-17 days post CSF virus inoculation. One animal in this group survived the acute phase of CSF and recovered completely. It was concluded that the observed divergences of the clinical courses would not have been noticed under field conditions. Therefore these findings cast doubt on the relevance of PRRS virus infection potentiating significantly the clinical outcome of CSF in young pigs.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

[Comparison of laboratory diagnostic methods for the detection of infection with the virus of classical swine fever in the early inspection phase: an experimental study].

Virus isolation in the PK-15 cell culture, two commercial antigen ELISAs, reverse transcriptional-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and flow cytometry have been evaluated to detect viremic pigs in the early period of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infection. Domestic pigs were experimentally inoculated with the virulent CSFV strain 'Alfort 187' and two field isolates. CSFV isolation and RT-PCR were found to be the most sensitive methods for the detection of highly virulent CSFV in the early period of infection which is characterized by the absence of clinical symptoms. Using antigen ELISAs and flow cytometry CSFV could be detected in infected animals after the onset of clinical signs. After infection with a less virulent CSFV field isolate originating from wild boar, viremic pigs could be identified by direct virus isolation. The reasons for the negative results of the RT-PCR still remain unknown. In conclusion we recommend to modify the procedure (antigen ELISA) for the detection of clinically healthy domestic pigs in accordance with the decision 98/413/EC.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

[Therapeutic contact lenses in infant corneal ulcerations].

PURPOSE: We present our own results of treatment in corneal ulcerations with therapeutic contact lenses in 4 infants aged between 3 days to 5 weeks. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four patients (5 eyes) with deep corneal ulcerations of various origin were treated with soft contact lenses at the Clinic of Pediatric Ophthalmology in Katowice. All eyes received one type of the therapeutic lens. Contact lenses were worn between 8 and 21 days. After application of contact lenses pharmacological therapy was used individually for each patient, according to the result of microbiological tests. RESULTS: All patients were successfully cured. A scar of cornea was observed only in one infant because the contact lens had been used too late. Four infants had no corneal haze after the treatment. CONCLUSION: The best results were obtained using the contact lenses early, during the first days of treatment. Contact lenses caused decreasing of pain and reduced application of medicines. They were a good protection for injured cornea.

Contact Lenses↗

PubMed1999

Detection of low-virulent classical swine fever virus in blood of experimentally infected animals: comparison of different methods.

The effectiveness of virus isolation, commercial antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and flow cytometry in detection of a low-virulent classical swine fever virus (CSFV) in blood in the early period of infection was evaluated. Domestic pigs at the age of 6-8 weeks and young wild boars were inoculated with a low-virulent field isolate of CSFV originating from a wild boar. This virus induced serious clinical reaction in only one pig which was naturally infected with Pasteurella multocida. Nine of 13 infected domestic pigs showed viremia. All infected weanling pigs were found viraemic by virus isolation on day 6 post infection (p.i.) but virus-free by RT-PCR. The flow cytometry was apparently not as sensitive as the virus isolation. Two young wild boars infected with the virus were viremic only for the first 2 days p.i. Virus isolation and RT-PCR were of similar sensitivity. Three different commercial antigen ELISAs used were not able to detect viral antigen in any animal.

Animals↗