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Biomedical subjects

E Lane

Publications and source records attributed to E Lane.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Biological activities of synthetic human parathyroid hormone (PTH) 1-84 relative to natural bovine 1-84 PTH in two different in vivo bioassay systems.

Synthetic 1-84 human PTH (hPTH) peptides (with either asparagine) or aspartic acid at position 76) were compared with natural bovine PTH (bPTH) in three in vivo bioassays. Surprisingly, in the chick hypercalcemia bioassay, the human 1-84 peptides were approximately 3 times more potent on a molar basis than bPTH. In contrast, in an in vivo mouse kidney cAMP accumulation bioassay, these human peptides were 3-6 times less potent than bPTH. This low potency of synthetic hPTH relative to bPTH in the renal cAMP assay is in accordance with published relative potency estimates for natural extracted hPTH in in vitro rat renal membrane adenylate cyclase assays. The human and bovine 1-84 peptides were weakly active in an in vivo mouse calvaria cAMP accumulation system, producing a shallow dose-response curve which was not suitable for any quantitative estimates of potency. In contrast, both human and bovine 1-34 fragments were highly active in stimulating accumulation of cAMP in calvaria thus emphasizing the qualitative differences between 1-84 PTH and the 1-34 fragment of both species of PTH. Despite the homology between human and bovine 1-84 PTH, they have markedly different quantitative biological effects on hypercalcemia in chicks and in vivo renal cAMP accumulation in mice. Any estimate of the biological potency of human 1-84 PTH, relative to bovine 1-84 PTH, will need to be defined in terms of the nature and species of the biological test system.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Major complications of radiotherapy in cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx. A 10 year retrospective study.

In an attempt to determine the late effects and associated morbidity of radiotherapy on normal tissue, patients with squamous carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx were retrospectively reviewed. Between 1964 and 1975, 569 patients with cancer of the floor of the mouth, oral tongue, tonsil, and retromolar trigone region of the anterior faucial pillar had their primary lesions treated by radiotherapy alone for cure. One hundred twenty-eight of the patients were evaluable for this study. Bone and soft tissue morbidity were graded according to the late radiation scoring scheme of the radiation therapy oncology group of the European Organization on Research and Treatment of Cancer, tallying only grade 4 changes. Patients were further classified according to site of tumor, age, sex, tumor stage, histologic grade, and dental status--none of which had a positive correlation with complications. Of 31 evaluable patients with cancer of the floor of the mouth (median follow-up 136 months), 71 percent (22 of 31 patients) had at least one complication involving bone (osteonecrosis, pathologic fracture) or mucus membrane (ulcer). Sixty-one percent (25 of 41 patients) with primary cancer of the oral tongue had grade 4 sequelae (median follow-up 112 months). In 26 patients with cancer of the tonsil, 13 (50 percent) had grade 4 sequelae (median follow-up 113 months). This included 11 patients with clinical and radiographic evidence of osteonecrosis, 6 of whom required mandibulectomy. Patients with cancer of the retromolar trigone region of the anterior faucial pillar fared the best (median follow-up 122 months). Late sequelae were noted in 40 percent (12 of 30 patients). The morbidity attendant to cure by radiotherapy included at least one significant complication of bone or soft tissue in 40 to 70 percent of the patients, depending on the location of the primary tumor. There was also a positive correlation with dose of radiation received.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Coal workers' pneumoconiosis.

Pathologic features and pathogenesis of coal workers' pneumoconiosis are reviewed. Roentenographic aspects of CWP have been examined; it is concluded that there is little or no correlation with physiologic abnormalities, and no abnormality is pathognomonic of this condition. It is suggested that coal workers who are physiologically disabled by any condition, usually heart disease or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or both, be retired via an industry-government compensation plan. Chest roentgenograms should serve only to identify and retire those miners who have progressive massive fibrosis, and to identify those who have simple CWP; thus they may be moved to jobs in areas of the mine where dust concentrations are lower.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1976

Cocaine self-injection behaviour under schedules of delayed reinforcement in monkeys.

Rates of lever pressing, maintained either by response-dependent intravenous injections of cocaine (250 mug/kg per injection) or by food-pellet presentation, were compared and found to vary systematically as a function of the delay (5-100 s) imposed between the response(s) and the occurrence of reinforcement. The control of responding by two schedules of delayed reinforcement was studied. The first scedule permitted responses to occur during the delay period without any programmed consequence; the second schedule required a response, and then the elapse of x seconds without any additional response(s). At imposed delays of 50 and 100 s, response rates were reduced significantly when the second schedule was in effect by comparison with the first. The effect was observed when responding was maintained either by intravenous cocaine injections or by food-pellet presentation. Across all comparable conditions, response rates were higher when maintained by scheduled cocaine injections than by food pellets. Rate enhancement, generally induced by drugs of the psychomotor stimulant type, could account for the observed difference.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Normalization of brain serotonin by L-tryptophan in levodopa-treated rats.

To test possible biochemical mechanisms by which L-tryptophan may reverse mental side effects of levodopa therapy in parkinsonism we administered levodopa, 250 mg per kilogram intraperitoneally, alone and with L-tryptophan, 500 mg per kilogram intraperitoneally, to rats pretreated with the peripheral dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, carbidopa (25 mg per kilogram). Rats were decapitated 0.5, 1, and 2 hours following amino acid injection and brain levels of amino acids, amines, and acid metabolites were determined. As expected, levodopa alone reduced tryptophan and serotonin and increased dopa and dopamine at the 1 and 2 hour intervals. Concurrent administration of L-tryptophan did not significantly alter the increased dopa and dopamine but did restore serotonin levels to within normal range at all time points. If similar events occur in parkinsonian patients, normalization of brain serotonin and not competitive reduction of brain dopa and dopamine may be the basis for the improvement in mental status.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Culdoscopy--useful or useless?

With the increased use of laparoscopy as a diagnostic method in gynecologic practice, the continued usefulness of culdoscopy has been questioned. The author presents his experience with 402 culdoscopies, listing indications, anesthesia used, results and complications. There was a 4.7% failure rate and a 1.7% complication rate. No permanent damage or death occurred.

Adnexal Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[An exploratory study of the association between lipid profile and bone mineral density in menopausal women in a Campinas reference hospital].

A total of 72 postmenopausal patients presenting no risk factors for cardiovascular disease nor osteoporosis, were studied. The study evaluated total serum cholesterol and fractions and bone mass by densitometry of the lumbar spine and femur using a Lunar-DPX. There was no association between lipid profile variables and bone mineral density, except for high density lipoprotein (HDL), which showed an inverse correlation (p=0.001). Multiple regression showed that total cholesterol levels higher than 240 mg% had a positive association with BMD (p=0.026). In addition, the ratio between LDL and HDL (Castelli 2 index) showed a negative association with BMD (p=0.002). The diagnostic validation test showed that all lipid profile variables had low sensitivity and specificity as indicators for osteoporosis. The conclusions were that lipid profile variables did not show a significant association with bone mass and could not be used as indicators for bone mineral density.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chronic idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in five dogs.

Five dogs presented with chronic and progressive pulmonary illness characterized by progressive dyspnea, exercise intolerance, and significant inspiratory crackles on auscultation. Radiographically, there was a widespread and diffuse interstitial lung pattern with varying degrees of bronchial involvement. Histopathological changes included thickened alveolar septa, interstitial fibrosis, and pneumocyte hyperplasia. Based on the clinical, radiographic, and histopathological changes, a diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis was made. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic disease characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the pulmonary interstitium and peripheral airspaces, which has been poorly characterized in the dog.

Animals↗