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Biomedical subjects

E L Teng

Publications and source records attributed to E L Teng.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Opportunities and challenges in international collaborative epidemiologic research of dementia and its subtypes: studies between Japan and the U.S.

Estimates of the prevalence rates for dementia vary significantly among countries. Such variation may be explained, at least in part, by methodologic differences in studies. The disparities in prevalence rates of dementia subtypes, particularly Alzheimer's disease and multi-infarct dementia, are especially apparent in studies conducted in Eastern and Western countries. In Japan and China, the prevalence of multi-infarct dementia exceeds that of Alzheimer's disease, whereas in the West, Alzheimer's disease predominates in the vast majority of studies. Clearly, cross-cultural studies of incidence using standard methods are needed to investigate whether a true difference in risk exists, and which risk factors differentially contribute to this variation. Migrant studies of genetically homogeneous populations offer a unique opportunity to answer these questions. This article explores the value of migrant studies, their application to etiologic questions of dementia and its subtypes, and recommendations concerning how to conduct such studies.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Parkinson's disease in Kin-Hu, Kinmen: a community survey by neurologists.

A door-to-door survey by neurologists in Kin-Hu township, Republic of China, of a sample of the Chinese population of 683 persons aged 50 years and over was performed in August, 1992. A total of 482 subjects (70.6%) completed the study. Kin-Hu, a township of Kinmen, is predominantly rural with agriculture as the main occupation. Six subjects (5 men, 1 woman) were diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD). Of these six, five were newly diagnosed; one of the five also had dementia. The crude prevalence rate per 1,000 persons over 50 years of age of PD in Kin-Hu was 6.2. The age-specific prevalence rates per 1,000 persons (95% confidence intervals) were 0 for age 50-59, 7.8 (0-22.9) for age 60-69, 17.5 (5.2-29.8) for age 70-79, and 25.4 (10.9-39.9) for age > or = 80. These rates are considerably higher than those reported in the People's Republic of China, and similar to rates found in Western countries. The higher prevalence of PD found in this pilot study suggests that environmental factors may be more important than racial factors in the pathogenesis of PD. If confirmed, the results suggest that epidemiologic studies looking for environmental risk factors might be of value.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

A new bedside test of cognition for patients with HIV infection.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the Mental Alternation Test, a new 60-second bedside test of cognition, with the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) and the Trailmaking Test, parts A and B, in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. DESIGN: Cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-two inpatients with HIV infection. SETTING: The AIDS service of a referral hospital. MEASUREMENTS: Scores on the MMSE; the Trailmaking Test, parts A and B; and the Mental Alternation Test were compared using correlation calculations and analyses of variance. Receiver operating curves were constructed to identify the best cutoff score on the Mental Alternation Test for detecting impaired performance on the MMSE and the Trailmaking Test. MAIN RESULTS: The Mental Alternation Test score correlated significantly with MMSE (r = 0.68, P < 0.01) and Trailmaking Test, part B, scores (r = -0.54, P < 0.01). The receiver operating curves showed that a Mental Alternation Test cutoff score of 15 yielded the best results for the detection of abnormal performance on the MMSE (sensitivity, 95% [95% CI, 90% to 100%]; specificity, 79% [CI, 69% to 89%]) and the Trailmaking Test, part B (sensitivity, 78% [CI, 68% to 88%]; specificity 93% [CI, 90% to 100%]). Patients making fewer than 15 alternations in 30 seconds were significantly more likely to have abnormal MMSE (P < 0.0001) and Trailmaking Test, part B, scores (P < 0.0001). The Mental Alternation Test had good reproducibility; analyses of reliability included test-retest correlation (r = 0.80) and inter-rater reliability (r = 0.85, kappa = 0.84). Time of administration was approximately 60 seconds. CONCLUSIONS: The Mental Alternation Test of cognition has good sensitivity and specificity and is easily administered. It is a valuable test to identify patients who may need further cognitive evaluation.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Multicenter trial of naloxone in Alzheimer's disease.

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of intravenously administered naloxone hydrochloride, 54 subjects with clinically ascertained Alzheimer's disease tested at three university centers showed no significant improvement in neuropsychological performance after 1-mg or 10-mg doses; 15 patients at 1 center were similarly unimproved after receiving 30 mg naloxone (single blind). Findings fail to support claims that naloxone monotherapy ameliorates cognitive impairments of Alzheimer's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Alzheimer's dementia: performance on parallel forms of the dementia assessment battery.

Fifty-four patients with Alzheimer's disease performed on the Dementia Assessment Battery that comprised of finger tapping, forward digit span, naming, verbal memory, visual memory, Token Test, digit cancellation, word-list generation, symbol-digit substitution, and copying geometric designs. Four forms of the battery were administered at weekly intervals. The equivalence of the forms, the relative difficulty of the tests, retest reliability, and factorial composition of the battery are presented. Performance improved with repetition. Impairments in visuo-spatial and verbal abilities were independent of each other. The fragility of the patients' working memory was identified as a main cause for their poor recall. The importance of "component analysis" in individual assessment is illustrated.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

The Modified Mini-Mental State (3MS) examination.

The Mini-Mental State (MMS) examination is a widely used screening test for dementia. The Modified Mini-Mental State (3MS) incorporates four added test items, more graded scoring, and some other minor changes. These modifications are designed to sample a broader variety of cognitive functions, cover a wider range of difficulty levels, and enhance the reliability and the validity of the scores. The 3MS retains the brevity, ease of administration, and objective scoring of the MMS but broadens the range of scores from 0-30 to 0-100. Greater sensitivities of the 3MS over the MMS are demonstrated with the pentagon item drawn by 249 patients. A summary form for administration and scoring that can generate both the MMS and the 3MS scores is provided so that the examiner can maintain continuity with existing data and can obtain a more informative assessment.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1985

The effect of lesions of the corpus callosum on finger localization.

Finger localization was studied in 10 cases of cerebral commissurotomy (four complete, six partial) and 24 normal subjects. Stimulation of one finger with the same hand responding produced ceiling performance in all subjects. Responses with the other hand (cross-localization) were 82% worse with full commissurotomy, 28% worse with the trunk of the corpus callosum sectioned, and 7% worse in the controls. The trunk of the corpus callosum normally transfers tactile information, but the splenium can subsume 50% of this function and tactile transfer with complete commissurotomy exceeded chance levels. The partially sectioned and normal male subjects showed a right-hand stimulation advantage for sequences. In both normals and partially sectioned subjects, cross-localization was poorest when mirror-image transfer of finger sequences was required, while spatial alignment of the fingers facilitated transfer. With complete commissurotomy, response hand orientation did not affect cross-localization. Thus the corpus callosum transmits the position of each hand between the hemispheres.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Clinical subtypes of dementia of the Alzheimer type.

Clinical subtypes of dementia of the Alzheimer type were evaluated by comparing age at onset, aphasia, family history, and motor disorder in 146 individuals with progressive dementia. Early onset was significantly associated with more prevalent and more severe language disorder. Forty-five percent of all probands had familial history of dementia, but we could not differentiate relative familial risk based on age at onset or aphasia. Independent of duration of illness, myoclonus and noniatrogenic extrapyramidal disorder were associated with greater severity of dementia.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Left hemisphere pathways in reading: inferences from pure alexia without hemianopia.

In pure alexia, reading is impaired despite almost normal speech, spelling, and writing. We studied a right-handed man with pure alexia, but no hemianopia. He had more difficulty reading longer words (word-length effect), but had no selective reading impairment in phonologic or semantic analysis. Clinical-CT correlation suggests that (1) left hemisphere visual pathways crucial for reading arise from or pass close to the left occipitotemporal or inferior temporal gyrus, and (2) relevant transcallosal fibers from the right hemisphere course inferior to the posterior horn of the left lateral ventricle before ascending to left hemisphere language areas.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Transcallosal, interfornicial approaches for lesions affecting the third ventricle: surgical considerations and consequences.

A group of 11 patients with a variety of lesions affecting the 3rd ventricle have been treated using a direct transcallosal interfornicial approach to the region. In 3 patients, no attendant hydrocephalus was present. In an effort to minimize potential cortical injury related to the approach, we studied the venous anatomy in the region of the coronal suture. Based on this study, appropriate flap placement and interhemispheric entry points were defined. Although no lasting, clinically apparent morbidity was observed in any of the 11 cases, we performed more sophisticated studies of the interhemispheric transfer of somesthetic and perceptual motor tasks, as well as psychometric testing related to parameters of intelligence and memory, 3 to 8 months postoperatively in 6 cases. The results and clinical material indicate that this surgical technique is a safe, feasible alternative in the management of a wide spectrum of pathological lesions within this region. A transcallosal, interfornicial approach offers excellent visualization of the entire 3rd ventricle without the dependence on hydrocephalus or an extensive extra-axial mass to enhance the exposure. With proper planning and technique, it may be accomplished with a minimum of physiological consequence.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1982

Right-left discrimination: no sex difference among normals on the Hand Test and the Route Test.

84 male and 76 female high school students were individually examined on two tests which involve right-left discrimination. The Hand Test requires distinguishing drawings of right from left hands. The Route Test involves walking out patterns with various turns according to diagrams drawn on cards. Results on both tests showed a wide range of performance, but differences between the sexes were minute and statistically nonsignificant. In addition to right-left discrimination, each test also taps different additional spatial functions. Both tests are easy to administer in clinical settings; normative data given here can be useful in evaluating patients' performance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Dichotic ear effects with digits and tones: a within-subject comparison.

56 right-handed adults (23 men, 33 women) with IQs ranging from 79 to 140 on the Quick Test each performed on two dichotic tests, one with digital input, one with tonal input. The average magnitude of the right-ear advantage for digits was comparable to that of the left-ear advantage for tones, but there was greater between-subject variability with tonal input than with digital input. Ear advantage with digits was unrelated with ear advantage with tones, and high intelligence was not associated with clearly opposite directions of ear advantage for the two types of test material. The results were discussed in terms of hemispheric specializations, as well as the reliability and validity of the dichotic ear effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Neuromotor development in relation to birth weight in rabbits.

The development of neuromotor patterns in relation to birth weight was studied in the rabbit, a perinatal brain developer. In order to induce intrauterine growth retardation and to increase the number of low birth weight rabbits, experimental ischemia to half the fetuses in each doe was achieved by total ligation of approximately 30% of spiral vessels to the placenta, during the last trimester of gestation. Following natural delivery, the rabbit pups were periodically observed for the appearance of eye-opening and righting reflex, and for the cessations of falling, circling and dragging of hind limbs. An index of neuromotor development was assigned to each rabbit by summing up the age (in days) of appearance of each of the neuromotor milestones. An association was found between low birth weight and delayed neuromotor development at 2 weeks of age. The most significant correlation was found between low birth weight and delayed disappearance of falling. The latter may represent incoordination as an expression of cerebellar dysfunction.

Age Factors↗