Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

E L Stock

Publications and source records attributed to E L Stock.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Desquamating endotheliopathy. An incipient iridocorneal endothelial syndrome?

Unilateral, noninfectious, nontraumatic corneal endotheliopathy was noted in a 34-year-old man who had had blurred vision for five years without evidence of iridic disease or glaucoma. Ultrastructural studies demonstrated focal necrosis of the corneal endothelial cells, with desquamation of the cells into the anterior chamber. The corneal endothelium appeared to expand beneath the dying endothelial cells, indicating reendothelialization of the cornea. There was no epithelialization of the endothelium, as evidenced by the lack of keratin production or desmosome formation. Descemet's membrane was thickened with edema, a posterior collagenous layer, and fibrous, long-spacing collagen. These alterations in Descemet's membrane were similar to those described for other corneal dystrophies. It is proposed that this unilateral desquamating endotheliopathy represents an incipient form or a forme fruste of the iridocorneal endothelial syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The uptake of horseradish peroxidase by the conjunctival epithelium of the guinea-pig.

It has been suggested that in immediate hypersensitivity of the guinea-pig conjunctiva, induced by the topical application of an antigen, the antigen is selectively taken up by the conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue. We tested this hypothesis by applying horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to the guinea-pig conjunctiva and studying its uptake by light- and electron microscopy. As early as 30 min after the application of the HRP, precipitate indicating the presence of HRP could be seen in the epithelial cells in membrane limited granules in the non-lymphoid and lymphoid epithelium. There was no selective uptake of HRP by the lymphoid-associated epithelial cells. We hypothesize that the epithelial cells of the conjunctiva, in contrast to those of the small intestine, phagocytose antigen and transfer it directly to the substantia propria of the conjunctiva for local immunologic processing.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Endothelial viral inclusions in Fuchs' corneal dystrophy.

A case of Fuchs' corneal dystrophy is presented. The patient, a 70-year-old white woman, had bilateral decreasing vision, especially while reading and driving at night. Clinical features were characteristic of Fuchs' corneal dystrophy. Ultrastructural studies demonstrated findings in Descemet's membrane typical of those previously reported with numerous tactoids of fibrous long-spacing collagen in the posterior collagenous layer and in the guttata. In the endothelial cells were encapsulated ellipsoid viral particles, 400 nm long and 225 nm in diameter. They contained an outer and inner membrane with an electron-dense intervening region and a central dense core. Nucleocapsids were present in the endothelial cells and stromal keratocytes. The authors suggest that the pathogenesis of Fuchs' corneal dystrophy may be endothelial damage, and that in this case, the etiology is a viral infection.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Pathogenesis of experimental lipid keratopathy: corneal and plasma lipids.

Corneal and plasma lipids were studied in a rabbit model to gain insight into the pathogenesis of secondary lipid keratopathy. Rabbits were divided into four groups in which a high cholesterol diet and corneal suture placement were varied to produce lipid keratopathy. In rabbits with lipid keratopathy, quantitative thin layer chromatography revealed that cholesterol esters comprised most of the deposited lipid, with free cholesterol being deposited as well. The ratio of accumulated cholesterol ester to free cholesterol corresponded closely to the same ratio in hypercholesterolemic plasma total low and very low density lipoprotein (TLDL). Furthermore, gas chromatography showed that the cholesterol ester composition in the corneas with lipid keratopathy resembled that seen in hypercholesterolemic plasma TLDL but was different from the pattern observed in the normal cornea. These studies suggest that the direct source of the deposited cholesterol ester is primarily the plasma TLDL. Since phospholipids and triglycerides did not show a significant increase in the experimental corneas, they are presumably metabolized by the keratocytes after the uptake of TLDL. However, the amount of cholesterol ester carried by the lipoprotein exceeds the capacity of the cell for use and excretion and the lipid accumulates in the cornea.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Absence of normal keratan sulfate in the blood of patients with macular corneal dystrophy.

We measured levels of sulfated keratan sulfate in serum using a monoclonal antibody in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Sulfated keratan sulfate was not detected in the serum of 16 patients with macular corneal dystrophy, but was present at normal levels in 66 patients with other corneal diseases. There were no differences with respect to age, sex, and other ocular findings. This monoclonal antibody recognizes a sulfated carbohydrate epitope present in both corneal and skeletal keratan sulfate. Since most serum keratan sulfate is derived from the cartilages, the defect in keratan sulfate synthesis in macular corneal dystrophy may not be restricted to corneal cells. This assay should prove useful in the diagnosis of macular corneal dystrophy, particularly in children at risk before the appearance of opacification.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Macular corneal dystrophy. Lack of keratan sulfate in serum and cornea.

An ELISA assay using a monoclonal antibody (ET-4-A-4) that recognizes a sulfated carbohydrate epitope in both keratan sulfate type I (corneal) and type II (skeletal) was employed to quantify keratan sulfate in serum and corneal tissue from patients with macular corneal dystrophy (MCD). This assay disclosed significant quantities of keratan sulfate in the serum in 45 healthy individuals (251 +/- 78 ng/ml), and in 66 patients with various corneal diseases (273 +/- 101 ng/ml). In contrast keratan sulfate was not detected (less than 2 ng/ml) in the serum of 16 patients with histopathologically confirmed MCD. Keratan sulfate was also detected in extracts of normal corneas and corneal tissue with a variety of pathologic conditions, but was virtually absent in corneal tissue from five patients with MCD. In corneas with MCD the chondroitin sulfate/keratan sulfate ratio was considerably higher than that of all normal and pathologic corneas studied. Since keratan sulfate in the serum appears to be derived predominantly from the normal turnover of cartilage these studies strongly suggest that the defect in keratan sulfate synthesis in MCD is not restricted to corneal cells and that MCD is one manifestation of a systemic disorder of keratan sulfate. The cartilage changes, however, do not have clinical significance. Moreover, since keratan sulfate can be detected in the blood of newborns it should be possible to diagnose MCD prior to corneal opacification.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1986

Laser photocoagulation of feeder vessels in lipid keratopathy.

Argon laser photocoagulation was performed on rabbit eyes with lipid keratopathy. The lipid keratopathy was induced by rendering 30 rabbits hypercholesterolemic and inciting neovascularization by insertion of corneal sutures. The number of laser shots required to occlude corneal vessels increased with the suture residence time, whereas the number of limbal shots remained essentially constant. Corneal opacification and cholesterol content increased as a result of greater suture residence time and unexpectedly from the laser applications which were administered in a single treatment session.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Stromal keratitis complicating anterior membrane dystrophy.

Recurrent erosion of the cornea has been well documented in patients with nontraumatic anterior membrane dystrophies of various types. We examined five patients who, in addition to an erosion, developed stromal keratitis. Three of these patients were subjected to a complete microbiologic workup, but the lesions were all sterile. The lesions healed with conservative treatment of patching and, in some cases, a soft contact lens. Stromal keratitis should be recognized as a complication of the non-traumatic recurrent erosion syndrome, which in turn is frequently associated with anterior membrane dystrophy. The finding of such anterior membrane changes in either eye will lead to the correct diagnosis and treatment of the affected eye.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Lipid keratopathy in rabbits. An animal model system.

Rabbits rendered hypercholesterolemic on a high cholesterol diet while subjected to corneal suture placement to induce neovascularization made useful models for qualitatively and quantitatively studying lipid keratopathy. Forty rabbit eyes were subjected to placement of four sutures located between 1 and 4 mm from the limbus. The neovasculature grew at a constant rate of 0.24 mm/day, unaffected by serum cholesterol levels. Rabbits fed cholesterol prior to surgery were the earliest to display lipid keratopathy, followed by those who began cholesterol feedings on the day of surgery, and last by rabbits who began receiving high cholesterol food seven days following suture placement. A description of the corneal neovascularization process and histopathological and biochemical analyses of the induced lipid keratopathy are presented.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

External eye diseases.

Diseases of the external eye can have several causes and many have similar symptoms, but a precise diagnosis of the specific disorder is crucial for proper treatment. Evaluation should begin with a complete medical history to ascertain any systemic disease that may affect the eyes. Physical examination should include determination of visual acuity, inspection of the tarsal and bulbar conjunctiva, and microscopic evaluation of the cornea. When external inflammatory disease is present, laboratory testing is required. Smears and cultures are the only reliable methods to determine the specific organism causing the infection. Treatment is then aimed at eradicating the underlying microbes.

Adenovirus Infections, Human↗
PubMed1985

Pharmacologic inhibition of immediate hypersensitivity in the guinea pig conjunctiva.

The release of histamine and other mediators from an immediate hypersensitivity reaction is energy dependent and cyclic AMP dependent. Drugs which inhibit the active secretion of mediators, or which may change cyclic AMP are effective in inhibiting mediator release. We used a model of Type I (immediate) hypersensitivity in the conjunctiva of guinea pigs sensitized to normal rabbit serum to test the efficacy of 2-deoxy-D-glucose or a combination of isoproterenol and diethylcarbamazine in inhibiting conjunctival hypersensitivity. After topical challenge with rabbit serum, edema was evaluated in five areas of the guinea pig conjunctiva. Controls were compared to conjunctiva pretreated with 2-deoxy-D-glucose or isoproterenol and diethylcarbamazine. Pretreatment with 2-deoxy-D-glucose or a combination of isoproterenol and diethylcarbamazine was found to inhibit the immediate hypersensitivity reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Ichthyosis follicularis with alopecia and photophobia.

We treated two unrelated boys with ichthyosis follicularis, a rare skin disorder characterized by extensive noninflammatory spiny follicular hyperkeratoses, severe photophobia, and generalized noncicatricial alopecia. This disorder must be differentiated from keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans; ulerythema ophryogenes; keratosis pilaris rubra atrophicans faciei; atrichia with papular lesions; atrophodermia vermiculata; and keratitis, ichthyosis, and deafness syndrome, all of which share some clinical features. Ichthyosis follicularis with alopecia and photophobia appears to be a familial disorder, but too few cases have been reported to establish the exact mode of inheritance.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1982

Cromolyn treatment of giant papillary conjunctivitis.

Five patients with symptomatic giant papillary conjunctivitis were treated with topical cromolyn sodium eyedrops. All patients responded favorably with relief of symptoms. Four of the patients who were subsequently examined while receiving cromolyn therapy had less prominent giant papillae on the upper tarsal conjunctivae. Thus far, the treatment of giant papillary conjunctivitis has been poorly defined and is not always practical. Topical cromolyn eyedrops seem to be helpful in the treatment of this disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Conjunctival inflammation and amyloidosis in allergic granulomatosis and angiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome).

A 37-year-old woman developed nodular, waxy conjunctival lesions associated with the exacerbation of Churg-Strauss syndrome. Conjunctival and skin biopsy specimens demonstrated a diffuse inflammatory process composed of eosinophils, plasma cells, lymphocytes, and focal collections of histiocytes. There were amyloid deposits in the conjunctiva and skin. To our knowledge, this is the first report of conjunctival changes and amyloidosis associated with the Churg-Strauss syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Trantas dots and limbal inflammation associated with soft contact lens wear.

A 30-year-old man developed vernal-like limbal changes associated with soft contact lens wear including Trantas dots, limbal nodules, and diffuse limbitis. These findings add to the contention that the conjunctival changes found in giant papillary conjunctivitis and vernal conjunctivitis share a common immunopathogenesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Clostridium perfringens corneal ulcer.

A corneal ulcer caused by Clostridium perfringens developed in a 76-year-old woman with Sjögren's syndrome. Experimental C perfringens keratitis was induced in rabbits by the intrastromal injection of 10(7) organisms. In both our patient and the experimental animals, a bullous lesion overlay the affected area of the cornea. This may be a specific lesion in clostridial infections of the cornea. Clostridium perfringens should be regarded as an opportunistic corneal pathogen, and anaerobic cultures should be performed in all cases of suspected bacterial corneal ulcer.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Experimental Bacteroides fragilis keratitis.

To determine the corneal pathogenicity of certain anaerobic bacteria, Bacteroides fragilis keratitis was induced in rabbits by the intrastromal inoculation of 10' viable organisms. All eyes inoculated developed central abscesses within 24 hours. Abscesses persisted and became vascularized in two of three eyes that were observed for two weeks, as demonstrated both clinically and histologically. Eyes inoculated superficially with live organisms or intrastromally with solutions of dead organisms did not develop inflammatory lesions. Anaerobically incubated blood agar plates and thioglycollate broth were equally efficient in recovering organisms, although longer incubation times were occasionally necessary to recover organisms from broth cultures. Bacteroides fragilis and other anaerobic bacteria should be considered in the differential diagnosis of bacterial keratitis, and specific methods should be used to recover these organisms.

Abscess↗