Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

E L Phillips

Publications and source records attributed to E L Phillips.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Differences and trends in antioxidant dietary intake in smokers and non-smokers, 1980-1992: the Minnesota Heart Survey.

PURPOSE: Differences and secular trends in dietary antioxidant vitamin intake (vitamins E, C, and beta-carotene) in current non-smokers, light smokers, and heavy smokers were examined as part of the Minnesota Heart Survey. METHODS: Three cross-sectional surveys were conducted in adults ages 25-74 years in 1980-82 (N = 1682), 1985-87 (N = 2326), and 1990-92 (N = 2487). Dietary information was obtained from a 24-hour dietary recall. Smoking was assessed through self-report. Intakes were adjusted for age, energy intake, body mass index, education level, and exercise level (vitamins E, C and beta-carotene). RESULTS: Antioxidant vitamin intakes were significantly higher in non-smokers than in light (1-20 cig/day) and heavy smokers (>20 cig/day) when all three survey periods were combined. In men, mean vitamin E intake was 9.2 mg, 8.6 mg, and 7.8 mg for non-smokers, light smokers, and heavy smokers, respectively. Results were similar in men for beta-carotene (non-smokers 1408 microg, light smokers 1287 microg, and heavy smokers 1064 microg), and vitamin C (non-smokers 81 mg, light smokers 67 mg, and heavy smokers 56 mg). Women had results of similar magnitude and direction. From 1980-92, secular trends in men showed non-significant increases from 1980-82 to 1990-92 in beta-carotene (+6.1%), while decreases were observed in vitamins E (-1.1%) and C (-2.6%). In contrast, women had large decreases in all antioxidant vitamin intakes: vitamin E (-13%), vitamin C (-18.6%), and beta-carotene (-16.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Light and heavy smokers had a significantly lower overall mean dietary antioxidant vitamin intake than non-smokers. Over the decade, antioxidant dietary intake remained relatively stable in men and decreased in women in Minneapolis-St. Paul, despite improvements in access to antioxidant rich fruits and vegetables.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

EEG findings in fetal alcohol syndrome and Down syndrome children.

Results from previous studies evaluating the electroencephalograms (EEGs) of infants born to alcoholic mothers suggest that the neonatal EEG may be a sensitive measure of prenatal ethanol exposure. Few studies, however, have examined EEG records of adolescent children with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). The present study investigated the resting EEG recordings of 18 matched triads of FAS, Down syndrome, and normal control subjects. Significant reductions in mean power of the alpha frequencies (7.5-12 Hz) were seen for both clinical groups, however, each syndrome appeared to have distinct EEG spectral distributions. Down syndrome children overall had diffuse EEG slowing while the EEG records of the FAS children showed reduced power, particularly in the alpha frequencies in the absence of significant slow activity. In the Down syndrome children, significant decreases in alpha power was seen in posterior cortical regions, whereas FAS children were more affected in the left hemisphere. This study suggests that certain EEG variables may be helpful in characterizing the neurophysiology of FAS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Early studies of mental health delivery systems.

Newly discovered sociological studies of mental health clinics' delivery systems are corroborated in retrospect by the author's current research. New data detail further the empirical, statistical, and systemic features of the delivery system's operations.

Community Mental Health Services↗
PubMed1986

Agreement between laboratory tests and self-reports of alcohol, tobacco, caffeine, marijuana and other drug use in post-partum women.

The agreement between self-reported consumption of several drugs and laboratory tests used to detect their use is examined. Post-partum women (N = 108) enrolled in a research study participated in a detailed interview covering alcohol and caffeine ingestion, tobacco smoking and use of marijuana and other psychoactive drugs. They also kept a 4-day record of their use of these substances. Blood and urine samples were taken and a physical exam done at the close of the record period. Laboratory tests to detect use of alcohol, tobacco, caffeine, marijuana and other drugs were carried out and the results compared to self-reported drug use in the interview and the record. The degree of agreement depended on the drug taken, the test used and the pattern of drug use in the sample. Sporadic or infrequent consumption related poorly to laboratory tests, especially those that were designed as screening tools. Regular consumption could be identified with greater accuracy. However, the group associations evident between self-reports of drug use and laboratory results were not sufficient to guarantee that subjects were correctly classified. Error in both self-report and the decision made from laboratory values must be taken into account in determining the confidence that should be placed in the data and the conclusions drawn from it.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Effect of antiserum on transplantable hematopoietic colony-forming units during Rauscher leukemia development.

Studies have been carried out to determine the sensitivity of hematopoietic CFU-S from Rauscher leukemic mice to an antiserum against the disease prepared in syngeneic mice. Test of this antiserum against Rauscher virus prior to injection showed it to be effective both in vitro and in vivo. At the same time, normal serum was shown to be without effect either against the CFU-S or against the virus. Spleen CFU-S were obtained from control and leukemic mice over a sequence of days following Rauscher virus injection and assayed by transplantation technique. Prior to transplantation these were incubated in vitro in either normal syngeneic serum or syngeneic antiserum. Incubation with antiserum had no effect on CFU-S obtained from the spleens of normal mice. However, incubation in this antiserum of spleen CFU-S from Rauscher leukemic mice resulted in a reduction of up to 50% in their colony-forming ability. Additional tests with guinea pig complement suggested that the levels of inactivation seen are not complement limited. This antiserum-induced reduction in colony formation was first evident in the second week after the injection of virus, coincident with the onset of splenomegaly in the leukemic mice. Thereafter, sensitivity of CFU-S to the antiserlm could be detected up to the terminal point of the leukemia (44 days).

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Effect of Rauscher leukemia development on DNA synthesis by hematopoietic CFU-S.

The effect of Rauscher viral leukemia on the number of colony forming cells (CFU-S) in the spleen has been measured as a function of time after virus administration. These were increased substantially after the first week, reaching a maximum at 2 weeks, after which they decreased in number. Determination of the proportion of these CFU-S which were in DNA synthesis was carried out using the in vitro 3HTdR suicide technique. Within 4 hours of injection of the virus the number of spleen CFU-S which could be inactivated by in vitro 3HTdR exposure increased to 20.9% from a normal mean value of 10.2%. For the next 2 weeks the proportion of CFU-S responding to tritiated thymidine exposure remained at the same value of approximately 20%; the change in number of surviving CFU-S roughly paralleled the change in total colony forming cells. In the third week after virus injection, the proportion of CFU-S which was inactivated by 3HTdR decreased to the point where it could no longer be detected, even though the total number of CFU-S was elevated several fold over the normal. These findings indicate that infection with moderate dose levels of Rauscher virus does result in a measurable early increase in the proportion of cells in DNA synthesis. However, the failure to detect further substantial increases as the disease develops suggests that the virus of itself is not an initiator of all the steps of DNA synthesis. Rather, it would appear that it is to some degree dependent upon other aspects of normal DNA synthesis which remain under control of the cell.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

Training predelinquent youths and their parents to negotiate conflict situations.

In response to parental requests for assistance in dealing with adolescent problem children, three parent-child pairs were taught negotiation responses to hypothetical conflict situations using behavior rehearsal and social reinforcement. The negotiation process was separated into component behaviors that were practised during simulations by each youth and his parent under the direction of trainers. Results indicated that (a) the procedures were successful in training youths and their parents in negotiation behaviors that produced agreements to conflict situations, and (b) these behaviors generalized to actual conflict situations in subjects' homes.

Adolescent↗