Biomedical subjects

E L McGarvey

Publications and source records attributed to E L McGarvey.

11 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2001

Substitution of an SSRI with bupropion sustained release following SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction.

BACKGROUND: We examine changes in sexual functioning and depressive symptoms in patients' transition from a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), which induced both a therapeutic response and sexual dysfunction, to bupropion sustained release (SR) over the course of an 8-week trial. METHOD: The study included 11 adults (8 women and 3 men) who had a DSM-IV diagnosis of major depressive disorder in remission (Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression [HAM-D] score < 11) and were receiving an SSRI. Depression (using the HAM-D) and sexual dysfunction (using the Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire) were assessed at baseline, 2 weeks after bupropion SR was added to the current antidepressant (combined treatment), 2 weeks after taper of the SSRI was initiated and completed, and after 4 weeks of bupropion SR monotherapy. T tests were performed to assess changes in depression and sexual function. RESULTS: Patient participation dropped from the initial group of 11 at week 2 to 9 at week 4 and to 6 by week 8. Sexual functioning improved from week 0 (baseline) to week 2 and from week 2 to week 4. The patients showed no significant change in mean HAM-D scores in weekly comparisons during the study period; 55% of patients completed the substitution without significant adverse events or recurrence of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION: Bupropion SR as a treatment for depression also alleviates sexual dysfunction due to SSRI treatment. Results show that sexual functioning improves after the addition of bupropion SR to SSRI treatment and continues to improve, after discontinuation of the SSRI, with bupropion SR treatment alone.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Incarcerated adolescents' distress and suicidality in relation to parental bonding styles.

This study examines the relationships between the bonding style of an incarcerated adolescent with parents and his/her current feelings of self-esteem, hopelessness, and suicidal thoughts and attempts. It also investigates differences between bonding to mother and bonding to father. Some 296 incarcerated adolescents were interviewed using the Parental Bonding Instrument. Significant relationships were found between youths' self-esteem, hoplessness, and suicidal behavior and their bonding style. Youths whose parent(s) had a parental bonding style of affectionless control reported the greatest distress, and youths whose parent(s) had an optimal bonding style reported the least distress. Differences were found between bonding styles with the mother and with the father. Attachment theory may be useful in targeting incarcerated youths who have affectionless control bonding with parent(s) for special interventions since these youths are most at risk for psychosocial problems.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Adolescent inhalant abuse: environments of use.

A questionnaire survey of 285 consecutively recruited adolescents who were adjudicated to juvenile correctional facilities in Virginia was conducted using the Inhalant Use Questionnaire (1). White youths (36.1%) and youths from other ethnic backgrounds (44.4%) are significantly more likely to report past inhalant use than black youths (1.4%). The median age reported for first-time use of inhalants is 13 years. Youths were divided between those who experimented with inhalants (27%) and those who were heavy users (27%). Huffing was preferred by 60% of youths. Of the youths, 52% reported using inhalants with friends present, whereas 34% used inhalants when they were alone. Sites where youths reported inhalant use include at a friend's home (68%), at home (54%), on the street (40%), at parties (28%), on school grounds (26%), and at school (18%). There are no gender differences in age of onset of inhalant use, lifetime frequency of inhalant use, frequency of inhalant use in the past year, or preferred method of using inhalants. The five substances most frequently used as inhalants include gasoline (by 57.4%), Freon (40.45%), butane lighter fluid (38.3%), glue (29.8%), and nitrous oxide (23.4%). There were no gender differences for use of other products.

Adhesives↗

PubMed1998

Evidence of acute stress disorder after diagnosis of cancer.

Cancer patients frequently have symptoms of anxiety and depression after diagnosis. Often these symptoms are apparent to the physician. We report the case of a cancer patient who appeared to her physician to be coping relatively well but was actually having psychologic symptoms that met criteria for acute stress disorder (ASD). Cancer patients who have psychologic trauma at diagnosis and meet criteria for ASD may appear to be coping better than they are. Mental health interventions for cancer patients are recommended.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1997

The Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (CSFQ): development, reliability, and validity.

The Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (CSFQ), a structured interview/questionnaire designed to measure illness- and medication-related changes in sexual functioning, is presented with evidence of its validity and reliability. Medical students (n = 122) and psychiatry residents (n = 33) completed the CSFQ on two separate occasions. Residents also completed the Derogatis Interview for Sexual Functioning-Self-Report (DISF-SR), a reliable, validated measure used in research on sexual functioning in patient populations. Concurrent validity was established between the CSFQ and the DISF-SR and test-retest reliability was high. The CSFQ is a reliable and valid measure of sexual functioning, useful in both clinical and research settings.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Comparison of sexual functioning in clinical and nonclinical populations using the Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (CSFQ).

The Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (CSFQ), a structured interview/questionnaire designed to measure illness- and medication-related effects on sexual functioning, is presented with initial evidence of its clinical usefulness in differentiating between those who have sexual dysfunction and those who have no dysfunction. Individuals from clinical and nonclinical samples completed the CSFQ. The sample groups were compared on mean scores on the CSFQ and its subscales. Comparative findings indicate that psychiatric patients diagnosed with a mood disorder have significantly lower sexual functioning when compared with nonpsychiatric outpatients, medical students, and psychiatry residents combined. The CSFQ is a useful measure for assessing medication- or illness-related effects on sexual functioning in a systematic way.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Prevalence of HIV-related risk behaviors and STDs among incarcerated adolescents.

PURPOSE: To determine the HIV-related risk behaviors and STDs in a population of incarcerated adolescents in order to strategically target education and prevention efforts. METHODS: A single point-in-time prevalence study based on an analysis of intake medical records of 1,215 incarcerated youth were analyzed for HIV risk behaviors and STD history. RESULTS: Incarcerated adolescents report high rates of risk behaviors for HIV infection and STDs, with 75% reporting three or more sex partners, 25% never using condoms and 19% having a current diagnosis of at least one STD. Significantly more females than males reported a history of STDs and had higher rates of current diagnoses of chlamydia/non-gonococcal urethritis, trichomonas and gonorrhea. CONCLUSIONS: Ethnic/racial and gender differences were found in risk behaviors for STDs among a sample of incarcerated adolescents.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Assessment of paroxetine-induced sexual dysfunction using the Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire.

The Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (see Appendix) was developed as a brief clinical and research instrument to measure sexual function changes accompanying illness or the administration of medications. In a pilot study of patients with major depression being treated with paroxetine, the instrument was useful in delineating three groups of patients: patients who reported increased libido without sexual dysfunction, patients who developed anorgasmia with possible spontaneous resolution (medication side effect and development of tolerance), and patients with long-term sexual dysfunction unaffected by the medication. Change scores accurately differentiated global elements, changes associated with specific factors of sexual response, and drug-specific side effects. All patients had a therapeutic response to treatment with experiences of sexual functioning that could be categorized into one of the three groups.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Delinquency and family problems in incarcerated adolescents with and without a history of inhalant use.

In this retrospective study of incarcerated adolescents, inhalants were used by significantly more nonminority than minority youth. Among both minority and nonminority groups, family problems and delinquent behaviors were higher among those youth with a history of inhalant use than those who reported no use. Family problems included history of running away from home, breaking rules, fighting with parents, and having relatives who had attempted suicide. Delinquent behavior included earlier personal use of drugs, selling illegal drugs, buying drugs from dealers, committing crimes while under the influence, committing crimes to get money to buy drugs, and threatening to hurt people.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Psychological sequelae and alopecia among women with cancer.

PURPOSE: This article reviews the relevant literature on treatment-induced alopecia in women with cancer and describes the development of a computer-assisted intervention to reduce distress associated with this side effect. DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM: Alopecia has been cited as the most disturbing anticipated side effect by up to 58% of women preparing for chemotherapy, with 8% being at risk for avoiding treatment. Women with cancer who experience alopecia as a side effect, compared with women with cancer and no alopecia, report lower self-esteem, poorer body image, and lower quality of life. Although physicians' recommendations are the most influential factor on cancer treatment choice, body image and effects on sexuality are the next most influential factors. A study of a computer-imaging intervention, based on concepts related to guided imagery and anticipatory grief, has been launched in an effort to aid women in coping with anticipated treatment-related alopecia. RESULTS: While we are still waiting for final data collection and analysis from the computer intervention study, the feedback thus far has been positive. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The intervention described here may prove to be effective in desensitizing women with cancer to hair loss and facilitating an adjustment to self-acceptance. As such, a higher quality of life during the difficult time of coping may be maintained. The development of a computer-imaging intervention offers an opportunity to integrate a standard psychosocial intervention, personalized for each patient, into the routine patient care in the oncology setting.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Assessment of sexual functioning during the menstrual cycle.

In a study of 115 women who presented with complaints of premenstrual symptoms, we investigated the relationship between the menstrual cycle and different aspects of sexual functioning, using the Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire. Women who were assessed at the screening visit during the late luteal phase of their menstrual cycle reported less desire to engage in sexual activity and less frequent sexual activity than women who were assessed during other phases of the menstrual cycle. The 24 women who returned for the second and third visits reported less frequent orgasms and less satisfaction from their orgasms premenstrually than during midcycle.

Adult↗