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Biomedical subjects

E L Lewis

Publications and source records attributed to E L Lewis.

52 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1973

Present significance of resistance to trimethoprim and sulphonamides in coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus faecalis.

The incidence of trimethoprim resistance in coliforms and multiresistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated in Bristol from 1970 to 1972 is low-2.3 and 1.0% respectively. The resistance is probably intrinsic; there is no evidence that it is R-factor or plasmid mediated. A single mechanism that confers resistance to both trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole has not been detected. Normal growing one-step mutants of S. aureus and Escherichia coli resistant to trimethoprim could not be isolated in vitro. For these reasons cotrimoxazole should retain its usefulness against these bacteria for some years. However, contrimoxazole was found not to be bactericidal against many coliforms. The usefulness of cotrimoxazole against Streptococcus faecalis seems limited because mutants resistant to trimethoprim occurred at high frequency in one step.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Morphometric analysis of spermatozoa in the assessment of human male fertility.

A videomicrographic system was developed for measurement of morphometric parameters of human spermatozoa. Contours of the images of spermatozoa on a video monitor are digitized by manually tracing them with the cursor of an electromagnetic digitizer integrated to a microcomputer. The accuracy and precision of the methodology were evaluated. A comparison of human sperm heads in shallow wet preparations and in dried, stained preparations indicated that the latter were smaller in length, width, projected area, and circumference, but that the ratio length/width was not different. An analysis was made of 457 ejaculates from 16 fertile donors. The variation between ejaculates within donors was similar in magnitude to the variation between donors. A study was performed comparing seminal sperm morphometry in single specimens from 30 fertile and 30 infertile men. The sperm head length/width ratio was the parameter that differed the most between these two groups. Moreover, it was the per-ejaculate variability of this parameter, rather than the central tendency, that maximized the difference.

Cytological Techniques↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Parental bonding and anxiety: differences between African American and European American college students.

Empirical evidence suggests that early home environments characterized by low care and high overprotection are positively associated with the adult expression of anxiety. While available evidence supports this position for European Americans, there has been no examination of the relationship between perceived parental rearing practices and anxiety among African Americans despite the theoretical assertion that African American parenting environments may be characterized as somewhat more overprotective than European Americans. This study investigated the relationship between maternal rearing patterns and trait and state measures of anxiety and depression among a sample of 59 African American and 55 European American college students. Results indicated that both groups reported similar levels of anxiety, depression, perceived care, and perceived overprotection. European Americans exhibited the typical pattern of a negative relationship between anxiety, depression, and care and a positive relationship between anxiety and overprotection. African Americans evidenced a similar negative relationship between anxiety, depression, and care, but no relationship between anxiety, depression, and overprotection. Furthermore, specific aspects of ethnic identity (i.e., ethnic achievement, ethnic behaviors) were found to be negatively associated with measures of trait anxiety among African Americans but not European Americans.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cystourethropexy to correct refractory urinary incontinence due to urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence. Preliminary results in ten bitches.

Cystourethropexy was performed in 10 bitches with refractory urinary incontinence due to urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence. All animals had an abnormally shaped vesicourethral junction. The bladder neck was located in the pelvic canal in nine dogs (pelvic bladder). Surgery alone restored urinary continence in two cases and markedly improved incontinence in two cases. Surgery combined with medical therapy (phenylpropanolamine, 1.5 mg/kg orally once or twice a day, using a sustained-action preparation) restored urinary continence in four cases and markedly improved continence in one case. Surgery, with medical therapy, was completely ineffective in one case. No major complications were encountered in any dogs. In four cases, histopathologic evaluation of the dorsal bladder wall and neck revealed the presence of a single, perinuclear, clear vacuole in the cytoplasm of smooth muscle fibers. Electron microscopic examination showed that the vacuoles represented a dilatation of normal membrane organelles. Such abnormalities have the potential to alter the smooth muscle motility. This study indicates that cystourethropexy alone restored urinary continence only temporarily in the majority of the patients. The significance and frequency of the histopathologic findings requires further investigation.

Animals↗