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Biomedical subjects

E L Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to E L Anderson.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Human-rhesus reassortant rotavirus vaccines: safety and immunogenicity in adults, infants, and children.

Human-rhesus reassortant rotavirus vaccines derived from rhesus rotavirus and human rotavirus serotypes 1, 2, or 4 were administered to adults, children, and infants after they had been given sodium bicarbonate buffer. Over 70% of infants and children developed antibody responses to or shed the candidate vaccine viruses. Individuals with prevaccination serum neutralization antibody titers less than or equal to 1:160 had significantly (P less than .0001) higher response rates than did individuals with prevaccination titers greater than or equal to 1:320. Similarly, shedding of vaccine viruses occurred significantly (P = .03) more often in children than adults and was inversely correlated with prevaccination antibody titers. No illnesses were observed in adults, and the vaccines were well tolerated in children. An increased rate of low-grade, transient fever (38.0-38.8 C) was noted only in children given serotype 2 vaccine, compared with controls (P = .006). No significant differences in the average number of unformed stools passed during the seven days after vaccination were noted in vaccinees versus controls. These vaccine strains are currently undergoing further evaluation in expanded clinical trials.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Clinical and serologic responses to acellular pertussis vaccine in infants and young children.

We administered diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTP) vaccine containing acellular (lymphocytosis promoting factor and filamentous hemagglutinin) pertussis vaccine to three groups of 20 children each (4 to 6 years, 17 to 21 months, and 5 to 9 months of age). All the children tolerated the vaccine well; no reactions occurred that contraindicated further immunization. Older children had significantly more local (redness or swelling) and systemic (fever or fretfulness) reactions than younger children. Eighty percent to 90% of the children in the two older age groups had fourfold or greater increases in antibody titers to DTP antigens one month after vaccination. The postvaccine concentrations of antibody to tetanus and diphtheria were greater than 0.01 IU/mL in all children. Serologic responses to lymphocytosis promoting factor and filamentous hemagglutinin varied with age; significantly more older children than younger children had four-fold or greater increases. Acellular pertussis DTP vaccine was antigenic in young children and was less reactogenic than standard whole cell DTP vaccine according to rates reported in previous studies.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1987

Pharmacokinetics of a single dose of rimantadine in young adults and children.

Single doses of rimantadine were given to children and young adults to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of this antiviral compound. The half-life of rimantadine in young adults was 27.7 +/- 4.9 h for tablets and 27.8 +/- 8.0 h for syrup preparations. A total of 10 children, 5 to 8 years old, received a syrup preparation of rimantadine. The half-life of rimantadine in children was 24.8 +/- 9.4 h. A single dose of rimantadine was well tolerated in young adults and children.

Adamantane↗
PubMed1986

Immunogenicity in infants of Haemophilus influenzae type B polysaccharide in a conjugate vaccine with Neisseria meningitidis outer-membrane protein.

63 children, aged 2-17 months, were given a new conjugate vaccine composed of the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b linked to a Neisseria meningitidis outer-membrane protein. Subjects under 7 months received two injections separated by 1 month, and older subjects received either one or two injections. There were no systemic reactions to this vaccine when it was given with aluminium hydroxide. A single injection of vaccine was highly immunogenic; the geometric mean serum anticapsular antibody concentrations before immunisation and 1 month later were 0.35 microgram/ml and 0.98 microgram/ml for babies of 2-3 months, 0.12 microgram/ml and 1.85 micrograms/ml for those of 4-6 months, and 0.15 microgram/ml and 4.1 micrograms/ml for those of 8-17 months (p less than or equal to 0.003 for each age group). After a second injection of vaccine, 80% and 76% of infants of 2-3 and 4-6 months, respectively, had antibody concentrations greater than 1.0 micrograms/ml. Most subjects showed evidence of IgG responses as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 6-12 months after immunisation, serum antibody levels had fallen (p less than 0.05) but they remained higher than those of unimmunized controls (p less than 0.001).

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of rhesus rotavirus vaccine (MMU 18006) in infants and young children.

Orally administered rhesus rotavirus vaccine was evaluated in a placebo-controlled study in young children and infants (ages, eight months to 61 months). Thirteen children received the rotavirus vaccine, and ten children served as the control group. The vaccine was well tolerated. There were no significant differences between the vaccine recipients and the control group in the number of child-days with temperatures greater than or equal to 37.8 C, vomiting, diarrhea, or cough. There were significantly more child-days of rhinorrhea among the vaccine recipients than there were among the control group. The vaccine recipients under two years of age passed a larger number of stools than did the children in the control group, and vaccine recipients had significantly more semiformed and unformed stools than did the children receiving the placebo. All twelve of the children tested were positive for viral shedding. Peak viral shedding occurred on days three and five postvaccination. On day eight, over one-half of the children from whom a stool specimen was obtained were still shedding rotavirus. Children less than two years old shed more rotavirus in their stool than did children more than two years old. All 13 vaccine recipients had a fourfold or greater rise in titer of antibody as measured by plaque reduction, tube neutralization, complement fixation, and/or immune adherence hemagglutination.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1985

Beta-lactamase-positive strains of Haemophilus influenzae: susceptibility to and inactivation of beta-lactam antibiotics.

Susceptibility and time-kill studies were done with low and high inocula of both beta-lactamase-positive and -negative strains of Haemophilus influenzae with cefamandole, ampicillin, cefoperazone, mezlocillin, moxalactam, and ceftriaxone. Bioassay was done to test for antibiotic inactivation by beta-lactamase-positive strains. All six antibiotics were highly active against the low inoculum (10(4) to 10(5) colony-forming units/ml) of beta-lactamase-negative strains; ceftriaxone, moxalactam, and cefoperazone were equally active against the same inoculum concentration of beta-lactamase-positive strains. In contrast, cefamandole, mezlocillin, and ampicillin were less active against the low inoculum of beta-lactamase-positive H influenzae. A marked inoculum effect occurred with the high inoculum (10(7) to 10(8) CFU/ml) with all six antibiotics, regardless of beta-lactamase production. In time-kill studies, marked differences in bacterial killing resulted after low and high inocula. Ampicillin, cefamandole, cefoperazone, and mezlocillin were rapidly inactivated by the high inoculum of beta-lactamase-positive H influenzae.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1985

New risk assessment initiatives in EPA.

This paper describes EPA's recent efforts to ensure consistency and technical competence of the agency's risk assessments. These include five risk assessment guidelines proposed in November 1984 and January 1985 and establishment of a Risk Assessment Forum. The technical provisions of the five guidelines have been outlined.

Carcinogens↗
PubMed1982

Pseudomonas aeruginosa corneal infections in seriously ill children.

Bacterial corneal ulcers can destroy vision if not treated early. Two seriously ill patients developed corneal infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa while in the pediatric intensive care unit. In one patient the eye was destroyed. The other patient was treated successfully, but early intervention was crucial.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1975

Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to tobramycin or gentamicin alone and combined with carbenicillin.

To explore more effective therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 264 recent clinical isolates were tested by agar dilution using gentamicin and tobramycin alone and combined with carbenicillin to seek synergistic effects. Synergism was defined as a fourfold or greater decrease in the minimal inhibitory concentration of each drug in a pair. At a concentration of 3.12 mug/ml, gentamicin inhibited 73% of the strains and tobramycin inhibited 98%. The gentamicin-carbenicillin combination was synergistically active against 57% of the strains, and tobramycin-carbenicillin was active against 46%. The effect did not correlate with either susceptibility or resistance to gentamicin or tobramycin alone. The data suggest that tobramycin or tobramycin plus carbenicillin may provide alternate therapy where susceptibility to gentamicin or synergism between gentamicin and carbenicillin cannot be demonstrated; however, the degree of susceptibility to either aminoglycoside antibiotic alone cannot be used to predict a synergistic effect.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1970

Changes in the differential leukocyte count of chicks inoculated with Salmonella.

Studies were conducted to determine the effects of Salmonella anatum and S. heidelberg infections on the differential leukocyte counts of baby chickens. Newly hatched broiler-type chicks were inoculated in the yolk sac with suspensions of either S. anatum or S. heidelberg. At 0, 24, 48, and 72 hr after inoculation, blood was taken by heart puncture from chicks of both inoculated groups and from a group of uninoculated chicks. The averages of the leukocyte counts of three or four chicks from each group were used as the blood values for specific time intervals. The six classes of leukocytes counted were lymphocytes, monocytes, juveniles, heterophils, eosinophils, and basophils. The leukocytes classified as juveniles were immature or degenerate heterophils and were found almost exclusively in the infected chicks. Changes in heterophil, juvenile, and lymphocyte counts were affected by both the number of cells in the inoculum (300 versus 3 million cells of S. anatum) and species (S. anatum and S. heidelberg). Infection with either Salmonella species resulted in the development of a severe heterophilic leukopenia, and a significant increase in the percentage of both juveniles and lymphocytes by 48 hr postinoculation. Mortality rate was higher in groups of chicks inoculated with S. heidelberg than in groups given S. anatum.

Animals↗