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Biomedical subjects

E Kutschera

Publications and source records attributed to E Kutschera.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Temperature variation of film tension above the bulk smectic-A-isotropic transition in freestanding liquid-crystal films.

We have measured the temperature variation of film tension above the bulk smectic-A-isotropic transition in freestanding films of two liquid-crystal compounds. Above the transition, the tension increases sharply with temperature, and the slope is proportional to the film's thickness regardless of whether or not the compound exhibits regular layer-by-layer thinning. The data can be interpreted in the context of theoretical models for layer thinning.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Effect of four oral contraceptives on hemostatic parameters.

This is the first double-blind, controlled, randomized study comparing the effect of different estrogen components in oral contraceptives (OCs) on hemostasis variables. Four groups of 25 women each were treated for six cycles with monophasic combinations containing 21 tablets with either 30 microg ethinylestradiol (EE) + 2 mg dienogest (DNG) (30EE/DNG), 20 microg EE + 2 mg DNG (20EE/DNG), 10 microg EE + 2 mg estradiol valerate (EV) + 2 mg DNG (EE/EV/DNG) or 20 microg EE + 100 microg levonorgestrel (LNG) (EE/LNG). Blood samples were taken on Days 21-26 of the control cycle and on Days 18-21 of the first, third and sixth treatment cycle. Treatment with all four OCs caused an increase in levels of fibrinogen, prothrombin fragment 1+2, D-dimer, plasminogen, plasmin-antiplasmin complex and an increase in protein C activity, a decrease in antithrombin activity, tissue-plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI), and a slight decrease in the sensitivity to activated protein C, but no significant change in that of the thrombin-antithrombin complex. In users of the DNG-containing OCs, the reduction in total and free protein S, and in t-PA and PAI was dependent on the EE dose, while factor VII activity was elevated, but not significantly different from EE/LNG. The results are in agreement with those of previous studies. The effects of EE/EV/DNG on total and free protein S and on t-PA and PAI were lower than those of 20EE/DNG, suggesting that the impact of 2 mg EV on several hemostasis variables is less than that of 10 microg EE. The results show an antagonistic effect of LNG on the EE-induced rise of factor VII activity and fragment 1+2 and on the EE-dependent reduction of total and free protein S.

Antithrombins↗
PubMed2003

Effect of four different oral contraceptives on various sex hormones and serum-binding globulins.

In a double-blind, controlled, randomized, four-arm, bicentric clinical study, the effect of four oral contraceptives (OCs) on various hormone parameters and serum-binding globulins was investigated. Four groups with 25 volunteers each (18-35 years of age) were treated for six cycles with monophasic combinations containing 21 tablets with either 30 microg ethinylestradiol (EE) + 2 mg dienogest (DNG) (30EE/DNG), 20 microg EE + 2 mg DNG (20EE/DNG), 10 microg EE + 2 mg estradiol valerate (EV) + 2 mg DNG (EE/EV/DNG) or 20 microg EE + 100 microg levonorgestrel (LNG) (EE/LNG). The study was completed by 91 subjects. Blood samples were taken after at least 12 h of fasting on Day 21-26 of the preceding control cycle and on Day 18-21 of the first, third and sixth treatment cycle. The serum concentrations of free testosterone were significantly decreased by about 40-60% in all four groups, while those of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) showed a time-dependent decrease during treatment. Except for EE/EV/DNG, which increased prolactin significantly during the third and sixth cycles, no change was observed with the EE-containing preparations. There was a significant increase in the levels of serum-binding globulins during treatment, which differed according to the composition of the OCs used. The rise in sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) was highest during intake of 30EE/DNG (+320%) and lowest with EE/LNG (+80%), while the effect of 20EE/DNG and EE/EV/DNG was similar (+270%). The thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) levels increased significantly, by 50-60%, during treatment with the DNG-containing formulations, while the effect of EE/LNG was less significant (+30%). The rise in corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG), which occurred in all groups, was most pronounced in women treated with 30EE/DNG (+90%) and least with EE/EV/DNG (+55%), indicating a strong influence of EE and no effect of the progestogen component. In all treatment groups, the frequency of intracyclic bleeding rose in the first treatment cycle and decreased thereafter. Cycle control was significantly better with 30EE/DNG or EE/LNG than with 20EE/DNG or EE/EV/DNG. There was no significant change in blood pressure, body mass index or pulse rate throughout the study. In conclusion, the DNG-containing OCs caused a higher rise in SHBG and TBG levels than the LNG-containing preparation. The effects on CBG suggest a lesser hepatic effect of 2 mg EV as compared to 20 or 30 microg EE. In contrast to EE, the use of estradiol in OCs appeared to increase prolactin release, while the cycle control was better with the OC containing 30 microg EE.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Effect of four oral contraceptives on thyroid hormones, adrenal and blood pressure parameters.

In a double-blind, controlled, randomized, four-arm, bicentric clinical study, the effect of four oral contraceptives (OCs) on thyroid hormone parameters, cortisol, aldosterone, endothelin-1 and angiotensin II was investigated. Four groups composed of 25 volunteers each (ages between 18 and 35 years) were treated for six cycles with monophasic combinations containing 21 tablets with either 30 microg ethinylestradiol (EE) + 2 mg dienogest (DNG) (30EE/DNG), 20 microg EE + 2 mg DNG (20EE/DNG), 10 microg EE + 2 mg estradiol valerate (EV) + 2 mg DNG (EE/EV/DNG) or 20 microg EE + 100 microg levonorgestrel (LNG) (EE/LNG). The study was completed by 91 subjects. Blood samples were taken by venipuncture after at least 12 h fasting on Day 21-26 of the control cycle and on Day 18-21 of the first, third and sixth treatment cycle. There was a significant increase in triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) by 20-40% in all treatment cycles, while thyroid-stimulating hormone was significantly increased only with EE/EV/DNG. Treatment with the DNG-containing OCs caused no change in free T4 (FT4) and a transitory reduction in free T3 (FT3) levels during the first cycle. During intake of EE/LNG, FT4 rose slightly, while FT3 was not altered. The pronounced rise in the serum concentrations of cortisol appeared to be related to the EE dose. During the first three cycles of treatment, no effect on angiotensin II levels was observed, while in the sixth cycle a significant decrease was measured in all treatment groups. The four OCs did not influence the serum concentrations of endothelin-1 and no consistent effects were found concerning those of aldosterone. The results suggest that the three DNG-containing and the LNG-containing low-dose OCs may increase T3, T4 and cortisol due to an elevated binding to serum globulins, while the free proportion of the hormones is not or only slightly changed. Therefore, these OCs have only minor effects on thyroid function, adrenal and blood pressure serum parameters.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Effect of dienogest-containing oral contraceptives on lipid metabolism.

In a double-blind, controlled, randomized, four-arm, bicentric clinical study, the effect of four oral contraceptives (OCs) on lipid metabolism was investigated. Four groups composed of 25 volunteers each (mean age 26.1 +/- 4.5 years; body mass index 21.9 +/- 2.8 kg/m(2)) were treated for six cycles with monophasic combinations containing 21 tablets with either 30 microg ethinyl estradiol (EE) + 2 mg dienogest (DNG) (30 EE/DNG), 20 microg EE + 2 mg DNG (20 EE/DNG), 10 microg EE + 2 mg estradiol valerate (EV) + 2 mg DNG (EE/EV/DNG), or 20 microg EE + 100 microg levonorgestrel (LNG; EE/LNG). The study was completed by 91 women. Blood samples were taken by venipuncture after at least 12 h fasting on Days 21-26 of the control cycle and Days 18-21 of the first, third, and sixth treatment cycle. There were clear differences between the effects of EE/LNG and the formulations containing estrogens and DNG. Although EE/LNG did not change the triglycerides levels, a significant increase was observed during treatment with the DNG-containing preparations. Although EE/LNG significantly reduced HDL-CH and HDL(2)-CH, there was a nonsignificant increase with the DNG-containing OCs. No change was observed in the levels of HDL(3)-CH. A significant rise in apolipoprotein A1 occurred during intake with the three DNG-containing formulations, but not with EE/LNG. In contrast to the women treated with combinations of estrogens and DNG, apolipoprotein B rose significantly in the women in the EE/LNG group. Lipoprotein (a) was significantly reduced by 30 EE/DNG and EE/LNG and remained unaltered with 20 EE/DNG and EE/EV/DNG. Altogether, the changes in lipid metabolism caused by the DNG-containing formulations appeared to be more favorable than those observed with EE/LNG. In OCs with DNG, the EE dose does not seem to play a major role with respect to the effect on lipids.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Cataract operation with anterior chamber lens implant].

The results of 106 intracapsular cataract extractions with implantation of an anterior chamber lens are reported. The indications were monocular cataract in 63%, bilateral cataract in 15%, cataract with maculopathy in 10%, practical monocularity, parkinsonism etc. in 12%. Postoperative visual acuity was 0.4 to 1.0 in 88%; diminished vision was caused by maculopathy, central venous thrombosis, or glaucoma in 12%. Postoperative complications: pupillary block in 8.5%, glaucoma in 10.5%, cystoid macular edema in 3.6%, and decentration of implant in 1%. The need for postoperative care of patients with intraocular implants after cataract surgery is pointed out.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

[Preliminary results with the Lincoff-Kreissig balloon buckle].

The authors used the unsecured balloon buckle of Lincoff and Kreissig in 15 cases during a six-month period (September 1981 to March 1982) at the Ist Eye Clinic in Vienna and the Eye Department in Salzburg. Cases were selected in which one large tear and a circumscribed detachment existed, as well as detachments with only one tear or a group of holes which did not exceed one hour in extent. After an observation period of between three and nine months the detachment was cured with the balloon buckle in 12 eyes, while in three eyes it failed; in two of them a cure was achieved by permanent buckle operation. In one eye the find result was MPP. This method seems particularly suited to cases where cryocoagulation or photocoagulation alone is too dangerous, but on the other hand a permanent buckle operation might cause muscle disturbances and irritating diplopia in eyes with usually good visual acuity before and after surgery. Further experience with the unsecured balloon buckle will show how far the indications for this method can be extended.

Female↗
PubMed1981

[General anesthesia in surgery for retinal detachment (author's transl)].

A report on operations for retinal detachment performed under general anesthetic during the last five years. These were restricted to selected patients. If requirements regarding operating rooms and personnel can be satisfied, general anesthesia should be the general rule in retina surgery, neuroleptanalgesia being the ideal type of anesthesia.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1980

[Ominous retinal changes in aphakia].

Report on examinations of the retinal periphery with a three-mirror contact lens during the first year following cataract operation. Latent retinal defects found in six out of 169 eyes were submitted to active detachment prophylaxis. In two eyes manifest retinal detachment was discovered and treated successfully. During the same period we saw seven patients with aphakia and retinal detachment who had undergone cataract surgery up to 13 years previously. In these cases too, anatomic healing was achieved, although in some cases several interventions were necessary and the result was functionally useful only in five cases. Therefore, the author urges that a biomicroscopic examination of the fundus periphery be performed at the latest during the first six months following cataract operation.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

[Is some therapeutic influence upon macular function after postoperative re-attachment of the retina possible? (author's transl)].

Two groups of cases, comprising 20 and 22 patients respectively, successfully operated on for retinal detachment with involvement of the macular area are compared with each other, the second group having been treated postoperatively with i.m. injections of retina phosphatides. Examinations of the visual acuity and metamorphoptic phenomena were performed one week, and then 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after surgery. The cases thus treated achieved better visual acuity during the first week than the untreated ones; however, 3 months after surgery, visual acuity of both groups was almost equal. Form and extension of metamorphoptic phenomena were not essentially different.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[The value of an outpatient clinic for patients with retinal detachment].

The article reports on an outpatient department for retinal detachment patients established since 1972 in the First Eye Clinic in Vienna. Of the 225 patients treated up to 1978, 19 had a relapse, 9 patients were subjected to prophylactic retinopexy in the tear area which had not coagulated sufficiently, whereas in 15 cases latent tears were found in healed eyes and in 17 cases in the second eye. In two patients, beginning detachment in the second eye was detected at an early stage, whereas in two cases detachment occurred despite continual control. The article underlines the usefulness of this outpatient section for clinical and research work.

Aftercare↗
PubMed1979

Influence of retinal detachment surgery on eye motility and binocularity.

Material, orientation and topography of episcleral buckling procedures are examined concerning the motility and the binocular functions of the eyes after retinal detachment surgery. The preoperative binocular state is of peculiar interest because also congenital palsies and heterophorias may be followed by a postoperative disturbance of the binocular vision. Some points that may contribute to a reduction of the amount and duration of these disturbances are discussed.

Cryosurgery↗
PubMed1977

[Macular function after successful surgery of retinal detachment (author's transl)].

Following successful surgery 20 cases of retinal detachment with previous separation of the macular area were submitted to examination of visual acuity, colour perception and metamorphopsia. Improvement of visual acuity usually developed during the 12-week-period of supervision; this improvement was related to the preoperative duration of the detachment. The disturbance of colour sense was confined to the perception of yellow and blue, beeing independent of the duration of the retinal detachment; as a rule a tendency to improvement was found during the time of observation. Labile postoperative metamorphopsias were more pronounced in the spoke-test than in the Amsler-test. No evident connexions between the duration of retinal detachment and the intensity of metamorpoptic distortions could be found. In cases with retinal tears in the posterior segment cured with a high plombade effect stable visual distortions occurred in the Amsler-test only. Such distortions seem to be due to mechanical factors and cannot be considered real metamorphopsias.

Adult↗