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Biomedical subjects

E Kurt

Publications and source records attributed to E Kurt.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Effects of trauma and infection on ciprofloxacin levels in the vitreous cavity.

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to determine the effects of trauma and infection on vitreous ciprofloxacin levels after intravitreal injection of ciprofloxacin in rabbits. METHODS: A penetrating injury was made in the right eyes of 24 rabbits. In the eyes of half of the traumatized animals, a standardized intraocular infection was induced by intravitreal injection of a suspension of Staphylococcus aureus. The intact left eyes of the traumatized group were maintained as controls. Ciprofloxacin (200 microg/0.1 mL) was injected into the midvitreous cavity of both eyes in all animals and samples were obtained at 2, 8, 24, and 48 hours after injection. Drug concentrations were measured using high-pressure liquid chromatography analysis. RESULTS: At the second hour, the mean vitreous concentration of ciprofloxacin in the traumatized eyes was lower than that in control eyes (P<0.05). The mean ciprofloxacin concentrations were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the traumatized-infected eyes than were those in control or traumatized eyes at 24 and 48 hours. The elimination half-life of ciprofloxacin in control and traumatized eyes was 6.02 hours and 5.02 hours, respectively, and infection prolonged the half-life to 15.06 hours. Vitreous levels of ciprofloxacin were above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC90) for most of the common microorganisms causing endophthalmitis in all groups at 2 and 8 hours, but also at 24 and 48 hours in traumatized-infected eyes. CONCLUSION: Infection appears to decrease the clearance of ciprofloxacin. Therapeutic drug levels in traumatized-infected eyes were maintained up to 48 hours. Assuming that the animal model used may have a predictive value for the drug elimination in traumatized-infected human eyes, we suggest that local administration of ciprofloxacin every 2 days may be relevant from the therapeutic perspective.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Penetration of topical and oral ciprofloxacin into the aqueous and vitreous humor in inflamed eyes.

PURPOSE: To assess the aqueous and vitreous penetration of ciprofloxacin after topical and combined topical and oral administration and investigate the effects of inflammation on drug penetration. METHODS: A standardized penetrating injury was made in the right eyes of 16 rabbits. Intraocular inflammation was induced by intravitreal injection of a suspension of Staphylococcus aureus in these eyes. The animals were divided into two groups according to treatment methodology: topical and topical-oral. The intact left eyes of the animals were maintained as controls. In the topical treatment group, two drops of ciprofloxacin 0.3% were instilled to both eyes every 30 minutes for 4 hours. In the topical-oral treatment group, animals were given two oral 40 mg/kg doses of ciprofloxacin at 12-hour intervals. After the last oral dose, the protocol of the topical group was applied to these eyes. Half an hour after the last drop, 100-microL samples were taken from aqueous and vitreous humor of all eyes. Drug concentrations were measured using high-pressure liquid chromatography. RESULTS: Mean aqueous levels of ciprofloxacin in control eyes were 2.31 microg/mL (range, 1.02-6.27 microg/mL) in the topical group and 5.88 microg/mL (1.52-17.81) in the topical-oral group. Mean aqueous levels in inflamed eyes were 7.36 microg/mL (2.34-17.15) in the topical group and 14.43 microg/mL (2.18-18.66) in the topical-oral group. Mean vitreous levels in control eyes were 0.77 microg/mL (0.09-1.93) in the topical group and 1.01 microg/mL (0.49-1.57) in the topical-oral group. Mean vitreous levels in inflamed eyes were 0.95 microg/mL (0.18-1.27) in the topical group and 1.98 microg/mL (0.51-3.34) in the topical-oral group. There was no significant difference among the groups (P > 0.05). Mean aqueous levels in all eyes and mean vitreous levels in the combined topical and oral group of inflamed eyes were above the 90% minimum inhibitory concentration for most of the common microorganisms causing endophthalmitis. CONCLUSION: There is an increase in both aqueous and vitreous humor concentrations with inflammation and with oral and topical administrations, as opposed to topical only, of ciprofloxacin. Using oral as well as topical treatment may be a beneficial method of antibiotic prophylaxis in ocular trauma once a patient has received intravenous or intravitreal therapy.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1999

Ofloxacin levels after intravitreal injection. Effects of trauma and inflammation.

PURPOSE: This study was carried out to get an insight into the ofloxacin elimination after intravitreal injection in rabbits. We also studied the effects of trauma and inflammation on the vitreous ofloxacin levels after intravitreal injection of ofloxacin. METHODS: A penetrating eye injury in the right eye was inflicted on 24 rabbits and another 12 animals were used as control. A standardized intraocular inflammation was induced by intravitreal injection of a suspension of Staphylococcus aureus in half of the traumatized eyes. Ofloxacin (200 microg/0.1 ml) was injected into the midvitreous cavity of both traumatized and control right eyes, and samples were obtained at 2, 8, 24 and 48 h after injection. Drug concentrations were measured using high-pressure liquid chromatography analysis. RESULTS: Vitreous levels of ofloxacin were above the MIC(90) at 2 and 8 h in all groups for most of the common microorganisms causing endophthalmitis and also at 24 h in traumatized-infected eyes. At the second hour, the mean vitreous concentrations of ofloxacin both in traumatized and traumatized-infected eyes were lower than that in the control eyes (p < 0.05). At 8 h, the mean vitreous concentrations of ofloxacin in the traumatized and in the traumatized-infected eyes were higher than that in the control eyes (p < 0.05). At 24 h, the mean ofloxacin concentration was higher in the traumatized-infected eyes than that in control (p < 0.01) and traumatized eyes (p < 0.05), and also higher in the traumatized eyes than that in the control eyes (p < 0.05). The mean ofloxacin concentrations in the traumatized and traumatized-infected eyes were significantly higher (p < 0.01) than those in the controls at 48 h. The elimination half-life of ofloxacin in the control eyes was 5.65 h and trauma and inflammation prolonged the half-life to 9.47 and 9. 72 h, respectively. CONCLUSION: Clearance of ofloxacin is fast and appears to be reduced by trauma and inflammation. Therapeutic drug levels in traumatized-infected eyes were maintained up to 24 h. This may be an important pharmacokinetic advantage in treating endophthalmitis unless the dose used has local toxicity and allows a longer dose interval when the dose is repeated.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Evaluation of intraocular pressure and cataract formation following the long-term use of nasal corticosteroids.

It is possible that corticosteroids administered via nasal spray might reach ocular structures in levels sufficient to provoke an ocular hypertensive response and cause posterior subcapsular cataracts (PSCs) in susceptible individuals. In the present study, 26 patients who had undergone endoscopic sinus surgery were evaluated prospectively with respect to intraocular pressure and PSC formation following the use of nasal steroids for at least three months. Eighteen patients (69%) self-administered 200 micrograms/day of budesonide nasal spray twice daily, and eight patients (31%) self-administered 200 micrograms/day of beclomethasone dipropionate nasal spray twice daily, for a period of three to 19 months (mean 8.8 +/- 3.6 months). Ophthalmologic examination, tonometry, visual field testing and biomicroscopic studies revealed no evidence of ocular hypertension or PSCs during postoperative follow-up. We conclude that intranasal corticosteroids can be used safely for prolonged periods without increasing the risk of ocular hypertension or PSCs.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1994

Polydnavirus of the parasitic wasp Chelonus inanitus (Braconidae): characterization, genome organization and time point of replication.

Ultrastructural analysis of the polydnavirus of the braconid wasp Chelonus inanitus revealed that virions consist of one cylindrical nucleocapsid enveloped by a single unit membrane. Nucleocapsids have a constant diameter of 33.7 +/- 1.4 nm and a variable length of between 8 and 46 nm. Spreading of viral DNA showed that the genome consists of circular dsDNA molecules of variable sizes and measurement of the contour lengths indicated sizes of between 7 and 31 kbp. When virions were exposed to osmotic shock conditions to release the DNA, only one circular molecule was released per particle suggesting that the various DNA molecules are singly encapsidated in this bracovirus. The viral genome was seen to consist of at least 10 different segments and the aggregate genome size is in the order of 200 kbp. By partial digestion of viral DNA with HindIII or EcoRI in the presence of ethidium bromide and subsequent ligation with HindIII-cut pSP65 or EcoRI-cut pSP64 and transfection into Escherichia coli, libraries of 103 HindIII and 23 EcoRI clones were obtained. Southern blots revealed that complete and unrearranged segments were cloned with this approach, and restriction maps for five segments were obtained. Part of a 16.8 kbp segment was sequenced, found to be AT-rich (73%) and to contain six copies of a 17 bp repeated sequence. The development of the female reproductive tract in the course of pupal-adult development of the wasp was investigated and seen to be strictly correlated with the pigmentation pattern. By the use of a semiquantitative PCR, replication of viral DNA was observed to initiate at a specific stage of pupal-adult development.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Familial pathologic myopia, corneal dystrophy, and deafness: a new syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Numerous syndromes with myopia and hearing loss have been described up to now. We present a family with pathologic myopia, corneal dystrophy, and deafness distinct from these syndromes. CASES: Ten patients in the same Turkish family were evaluated by ophthalmologic, audiologic, physical, radiologic, genetic, serologic, and biochemical examinations. OBSERVATIONS: Ophthalmic examination indicated that all the cases had myopia, 7 of them had pathologic myopia, 1 had intermediate, and 2 had mild. Four of the patients with pathologic myopia had corneal dystrophy that was bilaterally manifest as white opacities in the posterior stroma near Descemet's membrane in an axial distribution; 1 of these 4 patients also had a tilted disc. Otolaryngologic examination revealed conductive hearing loss in 3 cases, mixed hearing loss in 2, and sensorineural hearing loss in 1. The results of karyotypic analyses of all cases were normal. The pedigree analysis showed the disease was inherited through successive generations as an autosomal dominant trait. The results of biochemical, serologic, and radiologic investigations were normal. The same pathophysiologic process in all cases seemed to account for the myopia, the corneal dystrophy and the deafness. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this type of case has not been reported in the literature. Therefore, we named this syndrome "familial pathologic myopia, corneal dystrophy and deafness."

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ophthalmic findings in GAPO syndrome.

BACKGROUND: The main manifestations of GAPO syndrome are growth retardation (G), alopecia (A), pseudoanodontia (P), and optic atrophy (O). CASES: This syndrome has been described in 21 patients from 16 different families. Four cases are from Turkey and have been presented by Sayli and Gül. The purpose of our study is to document the cases from Turkey and discuss the ophthalmological and neuro-ophthalmolgical findings of these and other reported GAPO cases. OBSERVATIONS: All patients in the literature and our 4 cases have severe growth retardation with delayed bone age in infancy, characteristic facial appearance (high and bossed forehead, midface hypoplasia), alopecia or severe hypotrichosis, and pseudoanodontia. Optic atrophy was present in 1 of our cases and in 5 previous cases. Glaucoma was present in 5 cases, including 2 of ours. Buphthalmia and keratopathy secondary to glaucoma were also observed. White eyelashes, seen only in our cases, may be a sign of "early senility." CONCLUSIONS: Optic atrophy is not a constant finding in GAPO syndrome. Glaucoma may accompany the ocular findings. This syndrome has been attributed to either ectodermal dysplasia or the accumulation of extracellular connective tissue matrix, due to an enzyme deficiency involved in its metabolism. Current studies show that an elastin defect and secondary changes in collagen may be important in the pathogenesis of the disease.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of propolis on endotoxin-induced uveitis in rabbits.

PURPOSE: To test the anti-inflammatory effect of propolis, a natural bee-produced compound, and compare it with corticosteroids for the treatment of endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU). METHODS: EIU was produced in all rabbits by unilateral intravitreal injection of 2,000 ng Salmonella typhimurium endotoxin. The animals were then divided randomly into three groups as follows: group A received no treatment (control); group B received methylprednisolone (5 mg/0.1 mL) (positive control); and group C received propolis (5 mg/0.16 mL) by anterior sub-Tenon injection at the time of uveitis induction and at 4 and 8 hours after induction. Inflammation was evaluated by clinical manifestations and by measuring the protein concentration and inflammatory cell content of the aqueous humor. RESULTS: The clinical grade, cell count, and protein levels in the aqueous humor were: control group (6.0 +/- 0.8, 2,519 +/- 470 cells/microL, 32.9 +/- 2.4 mg/mL); methylprednisolone group (1.8 +/- 0.7, 572 +/- 137 cells/microL, 15.2 +/- 1.8 mg/mL); and propolis group (2.3 +/- 0.5, 503 +/- 124 cells/microL, 13.8 +/- 1.5 mg/mL). Statistically significant differences were recorded in the treatment groups when compared to the control group (P < .001). The effects of methylprednisolone and propolis on EIU were similar (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: Propolis showed significant anti-inflammatory effects on EIU in rabbits. The mechanism of its action warrants further investigation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of alternative medicines by allergic patients in Turkey.

BACKGROUND: Although complementary and alternative medicines are frequently used in Turkey, no studies with large series have yet been published. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to determine the prevalences of the use of various types of complementary and alternative medicines in patients with asthma, seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) and chronic urticaria (CU) and the relationship between the use of these substances and patients' social, economic and demographic characteristics. METHODS: All patients completed a questionnaire about the use of complementary and alternative medicines, including herbal products, animal products, acupuncture, yoga, massage therapies, Turkish-baths, speleotherapy, and psychoreligious methods for curing their diseases. RESULTS: The overall use of complementary and alternative medicines was 38 %. The most common alternative therapy treatment was herbal therapy (30.5 %). The prevalence of the use of these therapies was higher in asthmatics than in patients with SAR and CU. In all patients, variables associated with the use of these therapies were older age and having asthma. Among asthmatics, the use of these therapies within the previous 12 months was higher in patients with hospitalization and acute attacks than in those without hospitalization or acute attacks. In this group important covariates in the use of complementary and alternative medicines were older age and severe disease. Approximately half of the patients and 41.2 % of asthmatics discontinued pharmacological therapy during alternative treatment or had not yet started it. CONCLUSION: Because of the high prevalence of the use of complementary and alternative medicines and the tendency to discontinue drug therapy during these treatments, patients should be educated about the importance of pharmacological therapies.

Acute Disease↗