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Biomedical subjects

E Kudlová

Publications and source records attributed to E Kudlová.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Infant and toddler nutrition: WHO recommendations and information encountered by Czech parents].

BACKGROUND: During the last 15 years much effort with remarkable success has been devoted to the promotion and support of breast-feeding. Much less attention has been paid, until recently, to child nutrition during the period of transition from exclusively milk feeding to the family diet. The aim of presented study is to provide a qualitative review of information on feeding of children 6 - 24 months old available to parents from various sources and to compare it with the WHO recommendations based on the Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding. METHODS AND RESULTS: Within the frame of field practice, students of the Charles University, 1st Medical Faculty conducted interviews with 273 mothers of children under 5 years old, focused interview with 19 paediatric general practitioners, gathered 42 promotion materials, identified and evaluated 16 relevant publications and 14 web sites. All practitioners interviewed provided information on the nutrition, recommend exclusive breast-feeding up to the age of 6 months and the appropriate introduction of complementary food but they probably did not promote sufficiently breast-feeding beyond six months. Review of various information sources revealed, as expected, certain variations in feeding recommendations, which is partially a consequence of their changes during the last decade. Most publications emphasise breast-feeding as the ideal nutrition for up to 6 months. Recommendations for breast-feeding beyond 6 months are inadequate. Complementary feeding recommendations are, with exceptions, common for breast-fed and non-breastfed children as well as for those who need to start complementary feeding before 6 months of age. Except for sporadic notes, publications do not deal with the safe food preparation and feeding during and after a common disease. CONCLUSIONS: Consideration to all 10 areas of WHO guiding principles should be given. Also the clear formulation of breastfeeding recommendations, differentiation of information according to the target population, and recommendations based on the conditions of a thriving infant exclusively breast-fed for 6 months would contribute to the harmonization of information on the older infant and toddler nutrition with WHO recommendations.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed2004

[Nutritional intake of children aged 9-24 months in comparison to recommended allowances].

BACKGROUND: The transition from exclusively milk feeds to mixed food and later to family diet is a critical period during which sub-optimal nutrition considerably increases the risk of nutrition disorders. Based on studies bringing new information, a number of international and national recommended allowances for energy and nutrients for this age group were revised during recent years. The aim of presented diet sheets analysis of children aged 9-24 months was to evaluate the adequacy of their feeding in comparison with the recommended allowances. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ninety-seven randomly selected Prague children were enrolled into the study. Their three days' food intake (except for breast milk) recorded in the completed 9th, 12th, and 24th month of age was evaluated. The breastfeeding rate was 47.4% in the 9th, 35.2% in the 12th, and 4.8% in the 24th month. The mean daily energy intake of non-breastfed infants was 3.3 MJ in the 9th month-old and 3.9 MJ in 12th month with 33% of energy provided by fat in the 9th and 12th month and 32% in the 24th month. The intake of protein was 22 g, 33 g, and 38 g, iron 6.9 mg and 8.2 mg, and 7.7 mg. The intakes of minerals, trace elements, and vitamins were equal or higher than either WHO or German (2000) recommended daily intakes except for iron and iodine in 9 months. Breast-fed infants received 2.2 MJ energy in the 9th and 2.7 MJ in the 12th month, 18.1 g and 22.7 g protein respectively from the complementary food. Fat proportion was 29 and 34% of the complementary food energy. CONCLUSIONS: Energy and nutrient intakes of non-breastfed children were satisfactory, except for too high protein, low iron and iodine intakes, and marginally low proportion of fat in the diet. Lower intakes of iron, calcium, and, in 12th month, also of thiamine and folic acid may be tentatively assumed in breastfed infants.

Diet↗
PubMed2004

Life cycle approach to child and adolescent health.

Young people are our human capital for the future, therefore child and adolescent health has attracted considerable political and professional attention in recent years. Health is indivisible, requires holistic approach throughout the individual's life. Healthy outcome at one point in the life cycle, provides a positive determinant for health elsewhere in the cycle. Health and development of the 0-19 age group links intimately, at both ends of the range, with reproductive health. Health during childhood is in part determined by the health of the mother, and affected also by factors such as the nutrition of adolescent girls and the avoidance of early pregnancy. These factors, in turn, are influenced by healthy growth and development in childhood. The paper presents main environmental and socio-cultural challenges for each of the stages of child and adolescent life. Main challenge described are: unsafe abortion, malnutrition, anaemia, malformations, and infections during pregnancy; low birth weight, asphyxia, hypothermia, infection, failure to initiate early and full breastfeeding in the neonatal period; poor nutrition, growth and development, frequent illnesses, injury, abuse and neglect in the early childhood; poor nutrition, growth and development, injury, abuse, neglect, and helminth infections in the early school age; poor nutrition, poor development, chronic conditions, mental disorders, injury, drug abuse, and violence in the adolescence. Both, prevention of ill health and care for illnesses are important at all times but the balance between them shifts over time during the childhood and adolescence. Main actions needed to meet the child and adolescent needs are presented as well.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Breastfeeding support in nine Czech maternity hospitals 1998-1999].

OBJECTIVE: To find out the state of breastfeeding support in prenatal and perinatal care and infant feeding in first 6 months in 6 big cities of Czech Republic in 1998-1999. DESIGN: Cross-sectional multicentre descriptive study of 6 medical schools. SETTING: Centre of Preventive Medicine, 3rd Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague. METHODS: In the first year of the study (1998), 1104 mothers were interviewed by neonatologists at the discharge from 9 maternity hospitals. After 6 months, 1019 mothers of the same sample were interviewed again by students and staff members of 6 medical schools. Obtained data were analyzed in EpiInfo 6 programme using ANOVA and x2 test. RESULTS: 29 percent of mothers participated in prenatal classes. 70 percent of newborns were put to the breast within two hours after birth. 44 percent of mothers reported problems with breastfeeding in the hospital. 77 percent of mothers appreciated the assistance with breastfeeding in the hospital. Mothers with higher education, living with partner or husband, mothers who participated in prenatal classes, mothers after vaginal labour, mothers whose children were put to the breast within two hours after birth and mothers who did not have problems with breastfeeding in the hospital were breastfeeding fully for significantly longer period. At the discharge from the hospital, 93.5 percent of newborns were fully breastfed. At the end of the 6th month, 23.1 percent of infants were fully breastfed and 29.9 percent of infants were breastfed while receiving complementary food. CONCLUSION: Breastfeeding rate at the end of the 6th month of age of infants increased apparently in mothers from 6 big cities of Czech Republic in comparison with national data from 1991.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed2000

[Beta carotene in the prevention of civilization-related diseases].

The objective of the article is to provide a concise overview of the conclusions of most important studies assessing the role of beta-carotene in the prevention of civilization diseases. Beta-carotene seemed to be a very promising agent in the prevention of civilization diseases in the early 1980s. However, several large-scale studies concluded that the preventive effects of beta-carotene may have been overestimated or that beta-carotene may even have harmful effects previously not anticipated. Current nutritional recommendations promote increased consumption of vegetables and fruits, but beta-carotene supplementation is not recommended.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed1991

[Carotenemia].

The authors demonstrate two infants with a yellow skin coloration which developed as a result of excessive dietary carotenoid intake. The yellow coloration, contrary to jaundice, did not affect the sclerae. Elevated blood carotenoid levels were found and a temporary increase of aminotransferases. In both infants lower IgA levels were recorded. After modification of the diet the yellow coloration disappeared and gradually the aminotransferases reached normal levels.

Carotenoids↗
PubMed1990

[The fight against diarrheal disease in Yemen: introduction of oral rehydration therapy].

Within the National Diarhoeal Diseases Control Programme formulated in 1982, the first oral rehydration centre was established in the Children's Hospital in Aden in 1983. 2898 diarrhoea patients were admitted to this hospital from 1980 to 1984, 360 (12.4%) of them died. Three periods were compacted for the evaluation of the Three periods were compacted for the evaluation of the impact of oral rehydration therapy: 12 months before the centre was established, 12 months when the centre was open 8 hours a day and 9 months when the centre functioned on a 24-hour basis. Total numbers of diarrhoea patients in the three periods were: 4631, 6406 and 9444 respectively. Admission rates were 12.2%, 9.1% and 4.3% resp., overall case fatality rates were 1.55%, 1.31% and 0.51% resp., inpatient case fatality rates 12.7%, 14.4% and 11.9% resp. Substantial reduction of diarrhoea admission and overall case fatality rates were considered to be the impact of oral rehydration therapy.

Diarrhea, Infantile↗