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Biomedical subjects

E Krall

Publications and source records attributed to E Krall.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Studies of the transition cow under a pasture-based milk production system: metabolic profiles.

This study describes the effect of parity (multiparous versus primiparous) and body condition score (BCS) at calving (<3 or > or =3; scale 1-5) on variations of BCS, body weight (BW) and metabolic profiles in Holstein cows grazing on improved pastures. Forty-two cows were studied (21 multiparous and 21 primiparous) from 2 months before to 3 months after calving. BCS, BW and milk production were measured every 2 weeks. Blood samples were taken every 2 weeks to determine total protein, albumin, urea, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. Primiparous cows had lower BCS during the early postpartum (PP) period and produced less milk than multiparous. In primiparous cows NEFA concentrations were higher during the early postpartum period; BHB levels were similar in both categories during this period. Primiparous cows showed a more unbalanced metabolic profile than multiparous cows, reflecting that they are recovering from the loss of BCS after calving with less success.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2005

Inflammation is more persistent in type 1 diabetic mice.

Whether diabetes enhances or diminishes the host response to bacteria has been controversial. To determine how diabetes alters the inflammatory response, we inoculated P. gingivalis into the scalps of mice rendered diabetic with multiple low-dose streptozotocin treatment. On day 1, a moderate to severe inflammatory infiltrate was noted in both the diabetic and normoglycemic mice. After 3 days, the inflammatory infiltrate was significantly higher in the diabetic compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein-2 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was strongly and similarly induced 3 hrs and 1 day post-inoculation. By day 3, the levels were reduced in normoglycemic mice but remained significantly higher in the diabetic group (P < 0.05). To determine whether persistent inflammation was specific for the streptozotocin-induced diabetic model, we directly compared the expression of TNF-alpha in streptozotocin-induced and db/db diabetic mice, which developed type 2 diabetes. Both exhibited prolonged TNF-alpha expression compared with controls. These results suggest that diabetes alters bacteria-host interactions by prolonging the inflammatory response.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

How dentition status and masticatory function affect nutrient intake.

The authors examined nutrient intake in relation to the number of teeth, denture type and masticatory function among 638 men in the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Dental Longitudinal Study. They found that calorie-adjusted nutrient intakes decreased with progressively impaired dentition status, independently of age, smoking status and alcohol use. Intakes of fiber and most vitamins and minerals were inversely correlated with masticatory function. The findings suggest that prevention of tooth loss and prosthodontic replacement of missing teeth could improve diets of older adults.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Changes in relative weight among institutionalized elderly adults.

Weight-for-height and weight changes over a 2-year period among 335 institutionalized elderly adults at a geriatric care facility are described. Weight-for-height at admission was compared with several current standards for elderly persons. Mean relative weight and proportions of underweight and obese patients varied with the standards used. Although changes in group mean weights were slight, 73% of the patients gained or lost 4.5 kg or more in 2 years. Patients who lost 4.5 kg or more in the interval had a lower 4-year survival rate (p less than .05) than patients who gained weight or remained stable. Fluctuations in weight may be more prevalent among institutionalized elderly persons than previously thought, or than are apparent in analyses of group trends. Monitoring an individual's weight is simple and may be more meaningful than comparison to a standard, especially because weight loss is associated with mortality, until age appropriate standards are developed.

Age Factors↗