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Biomedical subjects

E Kraas

Publications and source records attributed to E Kraas.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Accumulation characteristics of human colon carcinomas after monoclonal antibody ex vivo perfusion.

Human colon carcinomas were operatively resected and the tumour-bearing segments interposed into an oxygenised ex vivo perfusion system. Pressure, flow, temperature, pH and metabolic parameters were controlled. Over a period of 45 min the 131I-labelled monoclonal antibody AUA1 was administered and its distribution in the tumour tissue analysed scintigraphically. The accumulated activity was determined in different tissues. The results showed that the AUA1 uptake increased with the degree of histological tumour differentiation. The main tumour:non-tumour ratio reached 0.8 in poorly, 4.1 in moderately and 5.9 in highly differentiated adenocarcinomas. Introducing the oxygenised erythrocyte-enriched perfusion media significantly increased the viability of the colon tissue. The ex vivo perfusion system will help to analyse factors determining monoclonal antibody accumulation in human colon carcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

[Results and critical analysis of the treatment of obesity with the intragastric balloon].

UNLABELLED: In 54 patients with excessive obesity a silicone balloon was implanted endoscopically into the stomach. The overweight amounted to 76% (median) by Broca's formula. The therapeutical plan included balloon-implantation, dietary treatment, psychotherapeutical guidance, kineto-therapy and balloon-extraction. According to their therapeutical compliance there were three different groups of patients: G1 - maintenance of therapy; G2 - discontinuation of therapy; G3 - no additional therapy at all after balloon implantation. Up to the sixth week a weight reduction of 9.5-20.5 kg could be demonstrated in all groups. Only in the first group a further weight reduction by a mean of 20 kg after 20 weeks was noted. Patients in group 2 and 3 - in some the balloon was still implanted - had a renewed weight increase sometimes surmounting the original weight. COMPLICATIONS: 3 gastric respectively duodenal ulcers, one subileus. The long-term success can only be obtained by a multi-component therapy plan.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Assessment of specific indicators for determining postoperative infectious complications].

The acute-phase proteins CRP, haptoglobin, and sialic acid of 312 surgical patients (159 females and 153 males), aged between 18 and 95 years, were examined with a view to finding parameters for early prediction of perioperative septic complications. Laboratory tests were additionally applied to 39 patients for activated lymphocytes as well as for OKT3-, OKT4-, and OKT8-labelled T-lymphocytes. Straight forward postoperative decline in absolute numbers of OKT3- and OKT4-labelled T-lymphocytes was recordable from patients with septic complications, in contrast to patients with uneventful clinical courses. However, the OKT4 and OKT8 ratio did not yield any correlation with the clinical course. In acute-phase protein testing, a correlation was found to exist between CRP and clinical course. CRP levels in patients without septic complications (Group I) were found to depend clearly on the anatomic site of surgery. Normalisation of CRP levels was recordable from patients with primary septic disease and complete surgical management of the focus (Group II/1). Postoperative decline of CRP values was much less in patients with primary septic disease and incomplete surgical treatment (Group II/2). They had not even reached normality towards the end of observation. On average, unambiguously increased values were recordable as early as three days prior to clinical manifestation from patients with postoperative septic complications (Group III). Septic complications were found to occur along with re-increase or delayed decrease of CRP levels, after the fourth postoperative day. Sensitivity amounted to 78 per cent and specificity to 89 per cent.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1988

Biodistribution of 131I-labelled monoclonal antibodies in human colon tumours by an ex vivo perfusion model.

We describe a model for the evaluation of anti-tumour antibody specificity, using a human carcinoma-bearing colon segment. After resection of the human colon tumour, the supplying artery was cannulated and perfused with fresh frozen plasma and heparin. Continuous control of pressure, flow, temperature, pH and various metabolic parameters were performed after administration of 131I-labelled anti-CEA antibody. Highly differentiated adenocarcinomas of the colon showed a much higher antibody uptake than undifferentiated tumours. Between 3 and 7% of the injected antibody was found in the tumour tissue. Autoradiography showed non-homogeneous binding in the tumour tissue. The non-specific antibody perfusion showed no tumour binding. We conclude that the ex vivo perfusion of resected colon carcinomas can be used to measure the kinetics of binding and clearance of MAbs in tumour tissue by direct scintigraphy. The cellular biodistribution of the antibody can be documented by means of autoradiography.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1988

[Accomplishments of tumor surgery in tumors of the skin].

Skin tumours are classified by potential for causing disease and skin layer involvement. Primary diagnosis of skin tumours is established by escision biopsy, i.e. narrow excision of the tumour-adjacent tissue. Depending on the histological results, a secondary excision may be required. In this procedure a malignant tumour is assumed during the primary excision, which is performed according to "relaxed skin tension lines." Besides the fundamental interconnection of diagnostic and therapeutic principles the cosmetic-aesthetic aspects of skin tumour treatment are of utmost importance. Every operation performed for skin tumour follows the rules of plastic surgery.

Basal Cell Carcinoma↗
PubMed1987

[Abdominal pseudotumor as the clinical manifestation of Whipple's disease. T-cell index as an indicator of disease activity and a parameter of the duration of therapy?].

A large nonresectable upper-abdominal tumor in a 61-year-old woman was found to have been caused by inflammatory infiltration and mechanical obstruction of the mesenteric lymph nodes resulting in obstruction to lymphatic flow. Biopsy at the root of the mesentery and of abdominal lymph nodes raised the suspicion of Whipple's disease, a diagnosis confirmed by a small-intestine biopsy. Long-term antibiotic treatment was successful. Quantitative changes in the composition of the T-cell subpopulations at the time of the diagnosis reverted to normal in the course of treatment.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

Sialic acid in human serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Comparison of methods and reference values.

Sialic acid was estimated simultaneously by three methods: chemical determination based on Warren's method (Meth. Enzymol. 6, 463-464 (1963) with slight modifications, enzymatic measurement with a commercially available test kit, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) according to Silver et al. (J. Chromatogr. 224, 381-388 (1981). These methods showed closely correlated (r greater than 0.930) results and displayed similar precision data. Interference studies demonstrated sufficient specificity for the chemical assay, which was 5-6 times more sensitive than the enzymatic test and hence chosen for the establishment of reference values. From 249 sera from healthy people between 16 and 63 years the 0.025-0.975-reference intervals were calculated to be 1.57-2.63 mmol/l for 127 men, and 1.69-2.64 mmol/l for 122 women with no significant dependence on age and sex. From 43 cerebrospinal fluids from healthy adults the respective values were 17.3-50.4 mumol/l. These data correspond to those of the literature. Some chemical assays employing thiobarbituric acid were compared. They proved reliable in contrast to the reaction of serum with 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1985

Determination of the theophylline solubilizer salicylamide-O-acetic acid in serum and urine using high-performance liquid chromatography.

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of the theophylline solubilizer salicylamide-O-acetic acid has been developed in the range 0.5 to 10 microg/ml for human serum and 5 to 400 microg/ml for urine. Reversed-phase ion-pair chromatography was employed with tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulphate as counterion and 2-nitrophenylacetic acid as internal standard. Preliminary pharmacokinetic single-dose studies show that the sensitivity and the selectivity of the assay are adequate to measure lower concentrations in the late beta-phase.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

Comparative study of hormonal counter-regulation during GCIIS-guided insulin hypoglycemia tests using human insulin (recombinant DNA) and pork insulin.

Human insulin (BHI, recombinant DNA) and pork insulin (PI) were compared in 10 healthy volunteers. Using a glucose controlled insulin infusion system for the performance of the insulin hypoglycemia test (IHT), a comparable dosage of both insulins had to be infused (BHI 0.129 +/- 0.007 vs PI 0.115 +/- 0.01 U/kg; mean +/- SEM). Blood glucose slopes and nadirs did not differ significantly (BHI 30 +/- 2 vs PI 29 +/- 2 mg/dl). There was no difference in C-peptide inhibition (minimum for BHI 0.50 +/- 0.08 vs PI 0.42 +/- 0.08 micrograms/l). Maximum hormone responses were identical for ACTH (BHI 78.4 +/- 11.3 vs PI 76.0 +/- 8.7 pg/ml), cortisol (BHI 246 +/- 20 vs PI 252 +/- 15 ng/ml) and GH (BHI 43.8 +/- 7.3 vs PI 49.4 +/- 6.7 ng/ml). Peak levels of prolactin did not differ significantly (BHI 1,335 +/- 315 vs PI 1,766 +/- 614 microU/ml). The urinary excretion pattern of epinephrine in three 120 min periods before, during and after IHT was identical (before IHT: BHI 0.9 +/- 0.2 vs PI 0.6 +/- 0.1 micrograms/120 min; during IHT: BHI 12.6 +/- 2.2 vs PI 13.4 +/- 2.5 micrograms/120 min; after IHT: BHI 2.5 +/- 0.7 vs PI 3.7 +/- 1.3 micrograms/120 min). No differences in the minima of serum potassium levels were observed (BHI 3.38 +/- 0.04 vs PI 3.33 +/- 0.05 mmol/l). We conclude that the biological effects of human insulin and pork insulin are comparable. Our data do not support the assumption of a different hypothalamic handling of human insulin (recombinant DNA) and porcine insulin.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1981

[Plasma catecholamines, insulin and glucose in the postoperative phase. Cause and duration of the post-stress syndrome after abdominal surgery].

Plasma catecholamine, insulin secretion, and serum glucose levels were measured to determine the extent and duration of the postaggression syndrome following major abdominal surgery: 1. There was a significant increase in plasma catecholamine levels (epinephrine and norepinephrine) during the first postoperative week. -2. Glucose dependent insulin secretion remained elevated for more than 6 days following major abdominal surgery. -3. Postoperative glucose assimilation was reduced for more than 1 week. -4. There is a negative correlation between plasma catecholamine levels and reduced insulin secretion following the administration of glucose in the postoperative phase. -5. Inhibition of insulin secretion should be included in the therapeutic considerations for the first postoperative week in all patients undergoing major abdominal surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Endotoxins in bacterial peritonitis].

Tests for the presence of endotoxin in blood and peritoneal fluid were performed at short intervals in 19 patients with peritonitis, 9 following gastric perforation, and 10 with perforation of the large bowel. A highly sensitive precipitation technique (LAL test) was used. Endotoxin was demonstrated in peritoneal fluid during the early stage of peritonitis in 15 of 19 patients (79%), while blood determination revealed endotoxin in 7 of 19 cases within the first 48 h. During the clinical course circulating endotoxin was recovered in 12 of 19 patients, which implies endotoxinemia in 63% of the cases. The prognostic significance of endotoxin determinations was high, since circulating endotoxin was demonstrated within the first 72 h in 8 of 9 patients with a fatal course. Demonstration of circulating endotoxin is a time-consuming and complicated procedure with great clinical significance in patients with gram-negative peritonitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Insulin secretion after surgery: measurements after abdominal operations].

The study includes measurements of glucose and insulin in 30 patients after surgical trauma. The times of measurements were between the 2nd and 6th, 6th and 10th, and 10th and 21st postoperative days. An intravenous glucose load (1 g/kg body weight/60 min) was used. For the exact measurement of secretion of the islet cells we also determined insulin and glucose in portal venous blood. The following conclusions were made: (1) Measurements of insulin in the peripheral venous blood has no exact correlation to insulin secretion in the postoperative period. The insulin concentration in the portal vein blood after a glucose load shows significant variations to the insulin concentration in the cubital vein blood. (2) A greater surgical trauma (abdominal operation) causes a disorder of glucose utilization in the first postoperative week. (3) The insulin secretion after intravenous glucose load is significantly diminished during the first operative week.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1979

[Postoperative disturbance in insulin secretion: studies on the altered secretion mode].

1. Depending on the operative trauma, insulin secretion is decreased until the 10th day after abdominal surgery. 2. The decreased insulin release is caused by a diminished discharge from the pancreatic beta cell during the second phase of insulin secretion (partially newly synthesized insulin). Insulin release during the early phase of insulin secretion (prestored insulin) is unchanged or even accelerated. 3. The glucose tolerance level is pathologically diminished until the 10th postoperative day.

Blood Glucose↗