Defusing those radiation dangers.
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Radiation Protection↗
Biomedical subjects
E King
Publications and source records attributed to E King.
Impact of an HMO-based intervention to increase mammography utilization.
A health maintenance organization (HMO)-based program designed to increase breast cancer screening was evaluated, focusing on changes in mammography utilization. The program consisted of a multistage intervention aimed at women members and primary care physicians of the HMO. This report examines the effect of the intervention on mammography utilization. The program was evaluated using a quasiexperimental design in which a random sample of women aged 50-74 from the HMO (intervention) was compared to a similarly aged geographic control group selected through random digit dialing. From 1988 to 1990, 450 intervention women and 450 control women were sampled (without replacement) each year and surveyed about breast cancer screening practices and related knowledge. A clear increase in self-reported mammography utilization was associated with the intervention. The percentage of women who reported a mammogram in the 12 months prior to the survey increased from 41% in 1988 (baseline) to 68% in 1990 among HMO women, compared to a change from 39% to 49% among control women. Comparing postintervention rates of mammography in HMO versus control women yielded a rate ratio (RR) of 1.4. However, this effect was strongly modified by income and race. Women with annual incomes of $31,000 or more showed little (whites, RR = 1.2) or no (blacks, RR = 1.0) effect of the intervention. Among women with incomes less than $31,000, the effect among whites (RR = 1.9) was much stronger than among blacks (RR = 1.2).
Black or African American↗
Health promotion and early detection of cancer in older adults: assessing knowledge about cancer.
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To identify the knowledge level concerning cancer in older Canadian adults. DESIGN: Descriptive. SETTING: Urban community in Canada. SAMPLE: Convenience sample of 513 adults over the age of 55 (72% female; 68% born in countries other than Canada). METHODS: A self-report questionnaire, the Cancer Knowledge Survey for Elders, was administered to participants in their native language (eight different language groups). Distribution was through community workers and public healthy nurses who worked with older adults. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Knowledge about cancer, language group, length of time living in the country. FINDINGS: The highest number of correct responses (87%) was for the item "Can some cancers be cured if they are discovered early?" The highest number of wrong answers (67%) was for the item "Can a bump or bruise to the body cause cancer?" Sixty-six percent did not consider age as a risk factor. For all but three items, the proportion of English language to non-English language individuals with correct answers was significantly different individuals whose native language was not English were less knowledgeable about cancer. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: This study offers a basis for a large multicultural survey. Should the observations be confirmed in a larger sample, implications exist for public education about the risk factors and signs and symptoms of cancer, especially with individuals for whom English is not a native language. CONCLUSIONS: In this sample, specific areas were identified in which knowledge about cancer was lacking. In particular, the increased risk of cancer with advancing age was not recognized by a significant portion of study participants.
Aged↗