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Biomedical subjects

E Kemp

Publications and source records attributed to E Kemp.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

High-level penicillin-resistant gonococcal infections in Port Elizabeth.

The prevalence of penicillin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in black men with acute urethritis at two clinics for sexually transmitted diseases in Port Elizabeth was assessed during the latter half of 1986. Gonococcal aetiology was confirmed in 80% of 290 patients. Penicillinase-production was detected in 4.3% culture-positive cases, while intermediate penicillin resistance was demonstrated in another 28 isolates (13.9%). At least two strains exhibited high-level penicillin resistance without producing beta-lactamase. All isolates tested were susceptible to tetracycline and spectinomycin. The emergence of penicillin-resistant gonococci throughout southern Africa will require new approaches to the treatment of acute urethritis in men.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1989

Mentor program for high school students.

As the nation grapples with the latest shortage of registered professional nurses, a creative solution, with an eye toward nursing in the 21st century, is the Mentor Program in Nursing for high school students at The Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York City. The registered professional nurses on staff at the medical center have made a commitment to this program as a way of encouraging a continuous supply of future nurses.

Career Choice↗
PubMed1988

Long-term cyclosporin nephrotoxicity in the rat: effects on renal function and morphology.

This long-term study elucidates the development and reversibility of functional and morphological cyclosporin (CsA) nephropathy. Sprague-Dawley rats were given CsA (12.5 or 25 mg/kg per day) for 4, 8 or 16 weeks, or CsA during the first half of the 8- or 16-week period, and vehicle during the second half. Controls were given CsA vehicle throughout the study. Renal function was investigated with clearance methods (inulin, lithium, sodium and potassium). CsA-treated rats developed a focal renal interstitial fibrosis, the severity of which correlated to the accumulated CsA dose given (Kendall's tau = 0.56, P less than 0.0001). This renal lesion was not reversible. CsA reduced GFR and lithium clearance, and increased proximal fractional reabsorption. There was significant correlation (P less than 0.0001) between accumulated CsA dose and severity of functional impairment. Renal function improved following drug withdrawal, but in the compiled material, low-grade nephrotoxicity was evident 4 to 8 weeks after CsA withdrawal: GFR was decreased to 84% (P less than 0.02) of control levels. This indicates that CsA-induced renal focal interstitial fibrosis is progressive during treatment, and is not reversible, while functional CsA nephropathy is progressive but partly reversible if CsA is withdrawn.

Absorption↗
PubMed1987

Unusual presentation of malaria as a leukaemoid reaction. A case report.

In a 4-year-old black patient with Plasmodium falciparum malaria the diagnosis was established by observing plentiful gametocytes in the peripheral blood, although ring forms were very scanty. The blood picture was that of a leukaemoid reaction with severe anaemia, high total leucocyte count and thrombocytosis. Treatment with chloroquine and primaquine, together with packed red cell transfusions, was successful in eliminating both the malaria parasites and the leukaemoid blood picture. The rarity of malaria presenting as a leukaemoid blood picture is discussed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1987

Activation of fibrinolysis during xenoperfusion.

Ten rabbit kidneys were perfused at 80 mm Hg, 37 degrees C, with oxygenated recirculating heparinized human blood. These experiments were compared to another ten perfusion experiments where 1 unit/ml porcine plasmin was added to the human blood one hour before the perfusion, at which time the fibrinolytic activity was significant and the fibrinogen concentration under the detection limit. Rejection, determined as time until blood flow decreased to 2 ml/min, was not significantly delayed by addition of plasmin. At the end of the experiments, the fibrinolytic activity in the control experiment had increased above the activity in the plasmin added experiments, although the fibrinogen concentration was almost unchanged. Histological examinations demonstrated a decreased platelet deposition and the fall in platelet count was smaller in the plasmin experiments. C3d determinations revealed a slight activation of complement upon addition of plasmin, but the activation by xenoperfusion was much more pronounced and, at the end of the experiment, the C3d concentration was the same in the two groups.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Nephrotoxicity of cyclosporin A in humans: effects on glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption rates.

The contention that cyclosporin A (CyA) nephrotoxicity may be due to renal afferent arteriolar constriction was inferred from rat studies showing CyA to increase renal vascular resistance, to reduce glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and delivery of tubular fluid from the end of the proximal tubule to the loop of Henle (Vprox), and to increase proximal fractional reabsorption. In order to test whether the mechanism of human CyA nephrotoxicity is similar to its rat analogue, and whether CyA treatment causes prolonged renal malfunction after drug withdrawal, renal function was investigated with clearance techniques including lithium clearance (CLi) as a measure of Vprox. The subjects were patients (n = 11) with previously normal renal function, given CyA in the treatment of ocular manifestation of extrarenal disease, or bone-marrow transplant recipients. Nine out of these eleven patients were investigated before and during CyA treatment: GFR (P less than 0.05) and Vprox (P less than 0.005) decreased while proximal fractional reabsorption increased (P less than 0.01). In six patients investigated before CyA was given, and re-examined a mean of 273 days (range 84-384 days) after CyA withdrawal, CLi was reduced (P less than 0.05) while mean GFR was not significantly lowered (0.5 greater than P greater than 0.2). In one of these six patients GFR was reduced to a subnormal value of 26 ml min-1 (1.73 m2 body surface)-1. In conclusion, human and rat CyA nephrotoxicity have the same pattern of renal functional deterioration. Cyclosporin A nephrotoxicity was evident in patients investigated a mean of 9 months after CyA withdrawal.

Absorption↗