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Biomedical subjects

E Kelly

Publications and source records attributed to E Kelly.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Prognostic value of placental ultrasound in pregnancies complicated by absent end-diastolic flow velocity in the umbilical arteries.

Our objective was to evaluate the utility of gray-scale placental ultrasound for the detection of pathological lesions in the placentas of preterm pregnancies with abnormal fetoplacental blood flow (defined by absent or reversed end-diastolic flow velocities [ARED] in the umbilical arteries) before 32 weeks of gestation. Sixty consecutive structurally and chromosomally normal singleton pregnancies were evaluated. Pre-defined criteria were used to describe placental appearances using gray-scale real-time ultrasound. Proximal uterine artery Doppler waveforms were recorded using pulsed and color Doppler ultrasound. Each patient had a thrombophilia profile. Following delivery, a single perinatal pathologist reviewed each placenta at a gross and microscopic level blinded to the placental ultrasound findings. Placental shape or texture was abnormal on gray-scale ultrasound in 43/59 (73%) and echogenic cystic lesions (ECL) were found in 16 (27%). Uterine artery Doppler was abnormal in 47/60 (78%) cases. Thirty-eight pregnancies were subsequently delivered by planned Caesarean section in the fetal and/or maternal interest (birthweights 540-2300 g, mean gestational age 30.6 weeks) and 21 pregnancies resulted in the vaginal delivery of a stillborn fetus where fetal weight and/or gestational age did not justify Caesarean section (birthweights 85-600 g, mean gestational age 24.9 weeks). ECL had a low positive predictive value for both villous infarcts (63%) and for focal/massive perivillous fibrin deposition (40%). Nevertheless, the combination of abnormal uterine artery Doppler and abnormal gray-scale findings (abnormal placental morphology or ECL) was strongly predictive of stillbirth (17/21; sensitivity 81%, PPV 52%, p = 0.006 Fisher's exact test). Pregnancies with ARED in the umbilical arteries have a high perinatal mortality associated with pathology of the placental villi. Ultrasound examination of the placenta and its maternal blood supply may contribute to the perinatal management of these pregnancies.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A target fibre study on seats in public houses.

A target fibre survey was conducted to assess the random occurrence of a blue wool fibre on seats in public houses throughout the United Kingdom. Fibre tape lifts were taken from 80 seats. Four seats yielded matching fibres and five of these were found on one seat. A total of 292 fibres were identified; nine fibres proved indistinguishable from the target after comparison microscopy, microspectro-photometry and attempts at thin layer chromatography, and two of these fibres were still apparently indistinguishable after TLC analysis although only one dye component was visible.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Urban angina in the mountains: effects of carbon monoxide and mild hypoxemia on subjects with chronic stable angina.

Seventeen men with stable angina pectoris who resided at or near sea level performed cardiopulmonary exercise stress tests after they were exposed to either carbon monoxide (3.9%), carboxyhemoglobin, or clean air. Investigators conducted the tests at sea level, and they simulated 2.1-km altitudes (i.e., reduced arterial oxygen saturation by approximately 4%) in a randomized double-blind experiment in which each subject acted as his or her own control. The duration of symptom-limited exercise, heart rate, indicators of cardiac ischemia and arrhythmia, blood pressure, and respiratory gas exchange were measured. Analyses of variance showed that both independent variables-altitude and carbon monoxide-significantly (p < or = .01) reduced total duration of exercise for the group as a whole (n=17) and reduced the time to onset of angina for a subset of 13 subjects who experienced angina during all four test conditions (p < .05). Time to onset of angina was reduced either after exposure to sea-level carbon monoxide (9%) or to simulated high-altitude clean-air exposures (11%), compared with clean air at sea level. Joint exposure to carbon monoxide at a simulated high altitude reduced the time to onset of angina, relative to clean air, by 18% (p < .05). Other cardiological, hemodynamic, and respiratory physiological parameters were also affected adversely by altitude and carbon monoxide exposures. None of the parameters measured were associated significantly with either altitude or carbon monoxide, indicating that the effects of carbon-monoxide-induced and high-altitude-induced hypoxia were additive. The results of this study suggest that high-altitude conditions exacerbate the effects of carbon monoxide exposures in unacclimatized individuals who have coronary artery disease.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

De Madres a Madres: women building community coalitions for health.

How one group of Hispanic women in Houston, Texas, built community coalitions for primary health care is chronicled from the perspectives of the women. We describe how they formed partnerships with community businesses, health and social service agencies, schools, and churches to develop an outreach network that enables pregnant women to obtain early prenatal care. These women's steps in coalition building are related to feminist theory, with an emphasis on group decision making, shared power for the empowerment of all, and the creation of an environment in which individual worth and dignity are enhanced and risk taking is encouraged and supported.

Community Participation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical significance of isolated paraventricular cysts on cranial ultrasonography.

OBJECTIVES: Isolated paraventricular cysts detected on routine cranial ultrasonography in premature and full term neonates are often incidental findings. The aetiology and clinical significance of these lesions is uncertain. A case control study was designed to attempt to clarify the clinical significance of isolated paraventricular cysts in terms of growth and neurodevelopment. METHODS: Ten infants with isolated paraventricular cysts on neonatal cranial ultrasonography were identified. These were matched with 10 control infants for sex, gestational age and birthweight. All infants were assessed at a corrected age of 18-31 months for growth and neurodevelopment. Two index infants and their controls were excluded from analysis of psychometric data as the neurodevelopmental assessment tools used were different. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the index and control groups in terms of growth, motor and psychometric assessment at follow up. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that isolated paraventricular cysts detected on routine cranial ultrasonography have no prognostic significance. However the study involved a small sample size with limited power of study (power = 0.3). A larger prospective cohort study would help to clarify the clinical significance of this condition.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nitric oxide, sepsis, and arginine metabolism.

Nitric oxide is one of the most versatile molecules produced by mammalian cells. Its role in sepsis and inflammation has been the subject of intense investigation since its discovery as a cell product in 1987. The role of arginine in sepsis and trauma has also received considerable attention, but most of the earlier studies on arginine preceded the studies on nitric oxide and the discovery that arginine serves as the nitrogen donor for nitric oxide synthesis. This review will explore the role that nitric oxide plays in sepsis and the effects of arginine metabolism on nitric oxide synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dynamic fibular function: a new concept.

Fibular function has long been a point of controversy in the literature. Until recently the fibula's role during gait has been thought of as entirely static. A review of the literature reveals an important dynamic function for the fibula in maintaining ankle mortise stability during weight bearing. Roentgenographic and anatomical studies confirm the hypothesis of progressive distal fibular descent. A taut interosseous membrane and deepened mortise result when be flexors of the foot contract during stance phase. Congenital deformities of the ankle may stem from aberration in the dynamic role of the fibula. Stress fractures and problems resulting from impaired distal migration and synostosis formation are interpreted as disorders of the dynamic role of the fibula.

Adolescent↗