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Biomedical subjects

E Kazner

Publications and source records attributed to E Kazner.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

The role of computed tomography in the diagnosis of brain tumors in infants and children.

CT has considerably facilitated the diagnosis of intracranial tumors, especially in infants and children. The authors review their experience with a series of 260 children with proven brain tumors. In most cases CT is so conclusive that other diagnostic techniques are no longer often needed. Pneumoencephalography in particular has largely been replaced by CT in recent years in the authors' departments, and the frequency of central ventriculography with contrast material has decreased substantially. Particular diagnostic difficulties with regard to tumors near to or within the caudal brain stem, some posterior fossa tumors, small vermian tumors, and tumors of the cerebral hemispheres are discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

Axial transverse computerized tomography in 73 glioblastomas.

Among 2,600 patients, examined by computerized tomography, 404 had brain tumours, which were gliomas in 150 cases. There were 73 glioblastomas. Examination was performed according to Ambrose's method using an intravenous injection of 1 ml 60% contrast medium per kg body weight. Thus 98% of all gliomas could be demonstrated. Glioblastomas are shown in three different forms: an annular type (55%), a nodular type (18%), and a combined type (27%). Perifocal oedema is found in 88% of glioblastomas. The oedema most frequently belongs to grade II or III. Differentialdiagnosis of gliomas, abscess, metastases and other tumours with central necrosis are discussed.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1978

[The role of cerebral serial scintigraphy within the noninvasive diagnosis of cerebral diseases (author's transl)].

Based on findings obtained from 442 patients with various cerebral diseases by comparative evaluation of cerebral serial scintigraphy (cSS) and cranial axial compouted transmission tomography (T-CAT), a scheme is introduced which illustrates reasonable employment of cSS in combination with T-CAT in patients presumed to have (a) "intracranial tumor", (b) "cerebrovascular disease" or (c) "unspecific symptoms". Concerning group (a), T-CAT should primarily be employed; as to groups (b) and (c), cSS is recommended to be the first study.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

Computer assisted tomography in primary malignant lymphomas of the brain.

Computer assisted tomography (CAT) data from 10 patients with histologically verified primary malignant lymphomas of the brain are reported. Studies both prior to and after contrast medium administration were done on nine patients. In all these patients, tumor nodules presented with slightly increased density in the precontrast scan and considerable contrast enhancement. The appearance of malignant lymphomas in the CAT scan may be similar to that of meningiomas. Pituitary adenoma, medulloblastoma, and metastasis of malignant melanoma may not be ruled out in a particular case from the CAT picture alone. Blurred margin of the tumor after contrast enhancement was found in half the patients. Diffusely growing malignant lymphomas produce low density areas in the CAT scan without contrast medium uptake.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Computerized transaxial tomography and cerebral serial scintigraphy in intracranial tumors--rates of detection and tumor-type identification: concise communication.

In 215 cases of intracranial tumors with subsequent histological identification, computerized transaxial tomography (CTT), and cerebral serial scintigraphy (CSS) with [99mTc] pertechnetate were carried out to compare the efficiency of each method in detecting and classifying such tumors. With a tumor detection rate of 99%, CTT turned out to be superior to CSS (91%). On the other hand, CSS findings enhanced the CTT rate of correctly identified tumor types in meningiomas from 85 to 92% and in high-grade gliomas from 82 to 89%. In metastases, low-grade gliomas, and various other tumors, CSS supported CTT by confirming a number of these tumor types. Therefore, the most important use of CSS in intracranial tumors today is its role as a supplement to CTT in order to establish and confirm type-specific diagnoses.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

[Possibilities and significance of computer tomography in non-tumorous space-occupying intracranial lesions (author's transl)].

Based on the experience collected in 108 patients from a series of more than 7500 CT examinations, the possibilities and limitations of computed tomography in non-tumorous space-occupying lesions are discussed. Serious problems of differential diagnosis are encountered mainly in the case of cerebral abscesses and acute demyelinization, as well as granulomas. Cystic processes are usually easier to classify. Anamnesis will often be helpful in the case of parasites. Old intracerebral hemorrhages can simulate tumors and calcifications. The same applies to giant angiomas and giant aneurysms. In cerebral infarction, too, an occasional confusion with a tumor in the blood-brain barrier disturbance phase cannot be excluded.

Blood-Brain Barrier↗
PubMed1978

[Computerized tomography in head injuries (author's transl)].

Computerized tomography permits the registration of minimal density differences of cerebral tissue. The information obtained by this method is comparable to gross neuropathology. Demonstration of intracranial bleeding and other posttraumatic complications does not present any serious problem. Most of all, it permits for the first time to demonstrate directly parenchymatous lesions of cerebral tissue after a head injury. The treatment nowadays can depend largely on the results gained by computerized tomography. So the care of the patient will be influenced largely by the demonstration of lesions affecting the survival of the patient.

Brain Abscess↗
PubMed1977

Computed tomography in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of glioblastomas. A qualitative study of 295 cases.

The CT patterns of 295 glioblastomas examined with pre- and postcontrast scans using an EMI scanner Mark I (Matrix 160/160) have been reviewed and compared with the CT appearances of other brain tumors, metastases and abscesses. There is a great variety of CT patterns with glioblastomas. However, a garland-shaped CT appearance, representing a subgroup of ring-shaped lesions, seems to be most typical for glioblastomas since it was observed in 19% of ring-shaped glioblastomas but in only one out of 172 metastases and in no case of an astrocytoma grade II or an abscess in our series. The initial CT diagnosis, based on the CT finding, the patient's history and the clinical data, was correct in 69.8% of the glioblastomas, 41 recurrent glioblastomas included. In 12% of the cases the presence of a glioblastoma was within differential diagnosis. These results lead to the conclusion that in many cases additional diagnostic methods, such as serial scintigraphy and/or cerebral angiography, are required for a reliable differential diagnosis.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1977

Computed tomography or orbital lesions. A cooperative study of 210 cases.

Computed tomography (CT) has given us a new method for examining the orbit and its contents. The technique of examination is described, and the indications for the application of computed tomography in ophthalmology are considered: suspected orbital tumors, unilateral exophthalmos, pareses of the ocular muscles, traumatic lesions and malformations in the region of the orbit. The findings in 210 cases of orbital lesions examined in this study are reported and the differential diagnosis is discussed. Considerable improvement and greater accuracy in diagnosis have been achieved in the field of ophthalmology by using computed tomography. Early tumor visualization is possible without risk or discomfort to the patient.

Abscess↗
PubMed1977

[The value of serial scintigraphy with 99mTc pertechnetate compared with axial computed tomography in the diagnosis of cerebral tumours (author's transl)].

The increasing use of cranial computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of cerebral tumours has suggested that the place of cerebral serial scintigraphy (CSS) with 99mTc pertechnitate needs to be re-assessed. For this purpose 190 patients with 200 intracranial tumours were examined by both methods. Of the 155 histologically confirmed tumours, 87% could be diagnosed by CSS, and 99% with CT. Amongst the total of 190 patients, CSS was correct in 90%, and CT in 99%. Correct tumour diagnosis of meningiomas was 84% for both methods, and for glioblastomas, 83% for both methods. Combining the two methods, however, produced 92% accuracy with meningiomas, and 90% of glioblastomas could be correctly classified. Gliomas of Grade I/II had an accuracy of 39% for CSS (52% for CT), for metastases 50% for CSS (80% for CT) and in the group "various tumours" 19% for CSS (41% for CT). Computed tomography will have to be carried out in future on all patients suspected of having a primary tumour and before any neuro-surgical intervention. The main task of CSS remains as a screening procedure for intracranial space-occupying lesions and to increase the accuracy of diagnosis. CSS is also valuable as an indication for the use of contrast during CT. In some cases this isotope method may increase the type specific diagnosis of CT.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[CT findings in chronic subdural hematomas (author's transl)].

CT findings of 46 patients with operatively confirmed chronic subdural hematomas are reviewed. The analysis of the EMI scans resulted in three different types of CT findings. Type 1 is characterized by decreased attenuation of the hematoma contents compared to brain tissue. The hematoma is visualized as a lens-shaped low density area between the skull and the surface of the brain. Type 2 apart from low density areas contains zones of increased attenuation due to recent bleeding into a watery chronic subdural hematoma. In many cases sedimentation causes a well-defined horizontal borderline between the thin fluid parts in the anterior portion and the blood debris in the posterior portion of the hematoma sac. Type 3 shows the same average absorption values as normal brain tissue, a direct visualization is not possible. However , the presence of a midline displacement in combination with ventricular compression and absence of a circumscript lesion even after contrast enhancement, allows the diagnosis of a unilateral chronic subdural hematoma in these cases too. Bilateral chronic subdural hematomas may cause considerable diagnostic difficulties if only one or none of the hematomas is visualized. A relatively small midline displacement points to a second bleeding on the opposite side. Most frequent were hematomas of type 1 (37%), type 2 and 3 could be observed in 30,5% resp. 32,5% of cases respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Cranial computerized tomography in the diagnosis of brain disorders in infants and children.

Cranial computerized tomography (CCT) has opened new dimensions in the diagnosis of neuropediatric disorders. The results of this new method are comparable to gross neuropathology. Thereby it is often possible to avoid further invasive neuroradiological investigations. This is especially true of pneumoencephalography which, according to the present state of CCT, is no longer indicated. Optimal diagnostic results can be achieved only if the patients is cooperative and does not move his head during the scanning procedure. Therefore in infants general anaesthesia is necessary. Sedation alone has proved to be not sufficient. The numerous new findings gained by CCT cover nearly all types of intracranial lesions. First of all the direct visualization of brain tumours in their relations to the surrounding structures, the surprising findings in inflammatory diseases of the brain, and the impressive demonstration of brain anomalies make CCT superior to all conventional neuroradiological investigations. Only for planning a surgical intervention and in vascular disorders angiography remains irreplacable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[The advantages and limitations of an automatic ultrasound determination of the cerebral midline--a study of 1889 cases].

The examination of the brain with ultrasound has become an indispensible diagnostic tool in all cases of intracranial pathology. Valuable information is obtained both in emergencies and in follow-up studies. Since long practice is necessary before the results of echoencephalograms can be interpreted accurately, a need was felt for a standardization of the examination which would eliminate the subjective influence of the investigator. The automatic midline computer, called Midliner, which has recently become available, makes fewer demands on the experience of the investigator although the diagnostic possibilities are not as broad. The position of the midline echo is of primary interest, although the width of the third ventricle can be successfully determined in occasional cases. this study, which presents the results of the Midliner examinations in three clinics, is grouped according to diagnosis. Through a comparison with conventional A-scan echoencephalograms, as well as with neuroradiological and operative findings in 1889 cases, the reliability of this method is clearly demonstrated. The advantages and disadvantages of the examination are discussed and the field of application indicated.

Adolescent↗