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Biomedical subjects

E Kazam

Publications and source records attributed to E Kazam.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Computed tomography and ultrasound in diagnosis of pelvic lipomatosis.

Computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound are emerging as useful diagnostic adjuvants in the confirmation of pelvic lipomatosis. A case of pelvic lipomatosis studied by CT and sonography is presented. These two techniques offer greater precision in the demonstration of fatty tissue density within the true pelvis. The findings appear characteristic and unique. CT and ultrasound confirmation of pelvic lipomatosis provide added confidence in an accurate clinical diagnosis and may obviate the need for diagnostic surgical exploration.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Resting host and tumor perfusion as determinants of tumor vascular responses to norepinephrine.

Blood flow determinations and arteriograms were obtained in rat (Walker carcinoma) and rabbit (V2 carcinoma) liver tumors at rest and after norepinephrine administration. Resting tumor blood flow exceeded resting hepatic flow in both models, and both tumors responded with vasoconstriction and reduced blood flow. In tumors and the surrounding normal host tissue, the greater the perfusion prior to drug administration, the greater is the response (decrease in perfusion) to the vasoconstrictor. Although tumor perfusion decreased after vasoconstrictor, post-norepinephrine angiograms revealed an improved diagnostic image because of the enlarged but unresponsive tumor feeder vessels, persistent tumor blush, and simultaneous vasoconstriction in the normal liver. In these models, improved tumor visualization resulted even though a decrease in tumor blood flow had occurred. The angiographic image is related therefore to the lack of vasoconstriction in the tumor feeder vessel, which has, however, a decreased blood flow and the correspondingly greater volume of normally constricting hepatic arteries which results in a marked decrease in the background of vessels upon which the tumor image is superimposed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Computed tomography of the spine and spinal cord.

Configurations of 50 normal lumbar canals at each vertebral level were assessed and the dimensions of the canal at these levels measured. The appearances of the contents of the canal and their absorption values were carefully analyzed in the lumbar, cervical, and thoracic regions. Of 75 scans of patients with specific spinal symptoms, 38 showed abnormalities representing 19 pathological entities. The appearances of these lesions on scans are compared with normal scans, and the usefulness of CT scans in assessing lesions of the bone and within the canal is discussed.

Cervical Vertebrae↗
PubMed1978

The echographic characteristics of fatty tissues and tumors.

Fatty tissues and tumors have been described as characteristically cyst-like on ultrasound examination, with relatively few internal echoes. The authors offer several examples of lipomatous masses and tissues which are markedly echogenic. In vitro studies suggest that this is an inherent property of body fat and is not due to coexistent fibrous tissue or tumor vascularity. The echogenicity of fat has important implications for diagnostic ultrasound: (a) the presence of fat in tissues and masses may be demonstrated by ultrasound, and (b) because the high-level internal echoes blend with the echo pattern of bowel gas and retroperitoneal fat, lipomatous abdominal masses may easily be overlooked.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

Sonography of the common bile duct: value of the right anterior oblique view.

The common hepatic and proximal common bile ducts (common duct) lie anteriorly and generally to the right of the portal vein in the porta hepatis. This constant anatomic relationship can be used to demonstrate the common duct and to differentiate it from the portal vein by gray scale ultrasonography. The patient is scanned longitudinally from the right anterior abdominal wall with the ultrasound beam directed posteromedially until two tubular structures are demonstrated in the porta hepatis. The more anterior tubular structure in this projection is the common duct. If the common duct is less than 3 mm in diameter, it may not be clearly delineated. In these cases the absence of common duct dilatation can be inferred. The usefulness of this view for detecting common duct dilatation was evaluated in a series of 101 consecutive cases proven by surgery, autopsy, or cholangiography. The overall accuracy was 96% (four false negative studies; no false positives). We conclude that sonography should be the imaging procedure of choice for suspected extrahepatic biliary obstruction if the serum bilirubin level precludes intravenous cholangiography.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1977

Splenic uptake of 99mTc-diphosphonate in sickle cell disease associated with increased splenic density on computerized transaxial tomography.

Splenic uptake of 99mTc-diphosphonate was found on the bone scan of a patient with sickle cell disease. No splenic activity was demonstrated on 99mTc-sulfur colloid liver-spleen scans and no evidence of splenic calcification was seen on plain abdominal radiographs. A computerized transaxial tomographic scan, however, did demonstrate a small spleen denser than other abdominal organs. The splenic accumulation of 99mTc-diphosphonate and the increased density on computerized transaxial tomography could be attributed to microscopic splenic calcifications and/or iron deposits in the spleen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Methotrexate compared with placebo in lung cancer.

Two hundred thirty-nine patients with microscopically proven, inoperable bronchogenic carcinoma were allocated at random to receive twice weekly I.M. injections of either methotrexate at "high dose" of 0.06 mg/kg/dose or methotrexate at "low dose" of 0.2 mg/kg or visually indistinguishable placebo in the same volume of 0.1 ml/kg for four months. Twelve patients were invalidated for procedural reasons. Objective response (greater than or equal to 50% tumor regression) was dose-related with 21% of 48 patients with measurable disease on high -ose, 11% of 37 patients on low dose, and 6% of 32 patients on placebo. Corresponding response rates for epidermoid carcinoma were 35% of 23 patients, 9% of 11 patients, and 0 of 13 patients. Responders in the two treatment groups had a three to four fold increase of median survival (p less than .05). Non-responders on high and low dose methotrexate lived as long as patients on placebo. Leukopenic patients in all three treatment groups lived substantially longer than patients without leukopenia less than 4,500/mm3, irrespective of presence or absence of objective response. All three regimens were well tolerated. None of the patients had life-threatening toxicity. It is concluded that methotrexate at "high dose" is a potentially useful drug for temporary palliation of epidermoid carcinoma of the lung.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1977

Computed tomography in urologic patients: preliminary assessment.

Computed tomography (CT) body scanning has specific application to the precise diagnosis of urologic disease. The advantage of visualizing the density of normal and abnormal tissue provides new accuracy in evaluation of renal, retroperitoneal, and pelvic masses. The penetration of the pelvic cavity allows the urologist to assess local, nodal, and skeletal involvement from prostatic and bladder neoplasms in a single diagnostic examination. Cost/efficacy analysis and the role of computed tomography in patient managment must await further review and experience.

Abscess↗
PubMed1977

Body computed tomography: a clinically important and efficacious radiologic procedure.

In the institutions represented by the authors, more than 7,500 body CT examinations have been performed. Body CT has been found to be particularly useful in solving specific problems, especially when other diagnostic procedures yield confusiing results. Radiologists and their collegues, and not governmental agencies and insurance companies, should define the experimental, research and clinical usefulness of computed tomography.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Combined mammographic-sonographic evaluation of breast masses.

Palpable breast masses which have a nondiagnostic appearance on the mammogram often require a biopsy to rule out malignancy. Contact B-scan ultrasonography of such masses were performed in an effort to improve the diagnostic accuracy of mammography and reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies. A total of 200 patients with breast masses of 1-8 cm were examined by both methods. The results of this combined evaluation were compared to those of mammography alone. Of 115 pathologically proven lesions, 44 were fluid-filled cysts. Sonography correctly diagnosed all 44 cysts, while mammography was equivocal in 27 (61%) of them. Of the remaining 71 solid masses, 38 were benign and 33 malignant. Mammography alone correctly diagnosed 31 carcinomas (94%), whereas sonography correctly diagnosed 26 (78.8%). While the infiltrating carcinomas have a typical sonographic appearance, circumscribed carcinomas may have the same sonographic features as fibroadenomas; the value of sonography here was to establish whether the mass was solid. In other solid masses such as those produced by dysplasias, abscesses, and mastitis, sonography was helpful in differentiating between diffuse and discrete lesions. The combined mammographic-sonographic evaluation of breast masses was more accurate than either method alone.

Abscess↗
PubMed1977

Myelolipoma of the adrenal: two cases with ultrasound and CT findings.

Myelolipoma of the adrenal gland is a rare tumor composed of varying proportions of fat and bone marrow elements. In about half of the reported cases with radiologic findings the mass was radiolucent, indicating the presence of fat; the remainder were of soft tissue density or calcified. Arteriography is of limited value in diagnosis, since myelolipomas are typically avascular. With the advent of gray scale ultrasound and computed tomography (CT), fat can be detected in lesions which do not appear radiolucent on radiographs. Two cases of myelolipoma are reported in which ultrasound showed a markedly echogenic mass, an appearance chracteristic of lipomatous tumors. In the second case, the mass was of soft tissue density on radiographs, markedly echogenic on sonogram, and definitively fatty on CT scan. Ultrasound and CT are valuable techniques for making a preoperative diagnosis of this tumor.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1976

Necroqizing enterocolitis with pneumatosis intestinalis in systemic lupus erythematosus and polyarteritis.

Pneumatosis intestinalis was encountered in association with fatal necrotizing enterocolitis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and polyarteritis nodosa. The radiologic identification of mottled, bubbly, and linear collections of intramural intestinal gas distinguish this ominous complication from benign pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis. In the setting of intestinal vasculitis due to SLE or polyarteritis nodosa, these characteristic radiologic features indicate necrotizing enterocolitis. Since corticosteroids may mask clinical progression of the intestinal lesion, radiologic evaluation is essential in the overall management of the patient with intestinal vasculitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Displaced lateral surface of the liver (Hellmer's sign) secondary to an extraperitoneal fluid collection.

In 1942, Bellmer (1) first described visualization of a medially displaced lateral liver edge on abdominal radiographs in patients with ascites. In Hellmer's original article and all cases subsequently reported, this appearance was described as being pathognomonic of intraperitoneal fluid. This paper reports the occurrence of Hellmer's sign in a patient with a large extraperitoneal fluid collection extending into the flank. Thus the differential diagnosis associated with a medially displaced lateral liver edge includes pathologic processes in both the intra- and extraperitoneal spaces.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MRI for evaluation of perianal inflammation.

BACKGROUND: We describe the value of using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in six distinct clinical settings often encountered in cases of perirectal inflammatory disease. METHODS: MRI was performed on six patients with known perianal inflammatory disease; the number, anatomic extent, location, and signal intensities of various lesions and their associated complications were assessed. RESULTS: MRI is a noninvasive technique that is useful in the diagnosis and management of perirectal inflammatory disease. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with known fistulas, MRI may determine the lesion's anatomic extent, localize unsuspected fistulas, and confirm or exclude the inflammation of the fistulous tract(s). Information obtained by MRI examination may, in turn, be used to determine treatment of patients with perirectal inflammatory lesions and can be a useful adjunct in following results of therapy.

Abscess↗