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Biomedical subjects

E Katz

Publications and source records attributed to E Katz.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Developmental aspects of memory for spatial location.

The purpose was to show whether or not the encoding of location met criteria defining an automatic process (L. Hasher & R. T. Zacks, 1979, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 108, 356-388; 1984, American Psychologist, 39, 1372-1388). Among other criteria, automatic processes are not expected to show developmental changes beyond an early age, to be unrelated to intelligence level, and to be unaffected by instructions. In the first experiment preschool through sixth-grade children were compared on a 40-picturebook task following incidental (remember the names of pictures) or intentional (remember location) instruction. Subjects viewed and named pictures in sets of four, arranged in quadrants in the opened book, and then attempted to recall names of the objects pictured and to relocate pictures on blank pages. In the second experiment, second and sixth graders, college students, elderly persons, and mentally retarded persons were compared on a 60-picturebook task following either incidental or semantic incidental instructions (give the function of objects pictured). Memory for location was invariant across age groups and intelligence level. The only exception was that 3 and 4 year olds were more accurate following intentional instructions. Otherwise there were no differences between intentional and incidental instructions. Semantic instructions resulted in slightly more accurate locations. The results were interpreted as supportive of the Hasher and Zacks' automaticity hypothesis.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Postoperative hospital course of patients with history of severe psychiatric illness.

The postoperative hospital course of 54 patients with a past history of psychiatric illness was studied through chart review. Both chronic schizophrenics and chronic depressives tolerated surgical procedures well, without any unusual difficulties or exacerbation of psychiatric illness. They represented no management problems. Patients with acute, severe upset in the preoperative period (regardless of diagnosis) presented most of the management problems postoperatively.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Tubal anastomosis: pregnancy success following reversal of Falope ring or monopolar cautery sterilization.

The present study reviews pregnancy outcome following tubal anastomosis in 80 previously sterilized women. Thirty of 58 women (52%) sterilized by monopolar cautery techniques delivered a living child as compared to 19 of 22 women (86%) sterilized using the Falope ring method. Cumulative pregnancy curves were calculated for the Falope ring and cautery groups using life-table methods. Following reversal of Falope ring sterilization, the estimated cumulative probability of pregnancy 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after surgery was 28.4%, 48.8%, 69.3%, and 87.2% respectively. The corresponding estimates following reversal of cautery sterilization were lower at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months following surgery: 22.7%, 37.8%, 52.4%, and 57.9%, respectively. The ectopic tubal pregnancy and spontaneous abortion rate were higher among women sterilized with monopolar cautery. A decreased pregnancy rate was associated with ampullary-isthmic anastomosis in the cautery group; however, pregnancy was least likely to occur in women with shortened oviducts of less than 4 cm.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1987

Noma in an unusual case of perforated appendicitis with pneumoperitoneum.

Noma is a very rare gangrenous infection of the oral cavity usually associated with debilitating diseases, immunosuppression, or malnutrition. Its development in a previously healthy 13-year-old boy with perforated appendicitis is presented. Streptococcus bovis type II and E coli were isolated from the noma and Streptococcus bovis, Bacteroides fragilis, and Bacteroides asacharolyticus from the peritoneal fluid. A transient impaired immune cellular function was found and may have contributed to the development of the noma in this child.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Crohn's disease of the duodenum presented as pancreatitis due to persimmon bezoar.

Pancreatitis due to Crohn's disease of the duodenum is very rare. It is the result of either reflux of duodenal content into the pancreatic duct or stenosis due to direct involvement of the ampullary region with Crohn's disease. The patient described had isolated Crohn's disease of the duodenum; pancreatitis was the result of persimmon bezoar's constricting the ampullary region.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

New immunochemical method for rapid detection of human choriogonadotropin in urine.

We describe a visual assay for rapid detection of choriogonadotropin (hGC) in human urine, and evaluate a pregnancy test kit that is based on this assay and designed for use by the general public. The assay involves the formation of an antibody-antigen complex between the anti-hGC antibodies coated on the membrane protein of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, prestained with hematoxylin, and the hGC concentrated on a column of Sepharose-concanavalin A. The test was calibrated to detect as little hGC as 0.9 (SD 0.15) int. unit/mL. The kit, clinically tested with 448 urine samples, was 99.6% accurate. Simple to perform, the test gives highly reliable results as early as five days after the missed menstrual period.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1986

Nutrition education at the point of purchase: the foods for health project evaluated.

Foods for Health, a nutrition education and research program sponsored by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Giant Food, Inc., was designed to demonstrate the feasibility of cardiovascular nutrition education at the point of purchase, specifically, in the supermarket. To evaluate the program's effectiveness, measures of consumer awareness, knowledge, and food purchases were determined before, during, and after the campaign. The program was conducted in the Washington, D.C., area, with Baltimore, Maryland, area stores serving as controls. At the conclusion of the campaign, Washington shoppers showed a significant increase in knowledge scores, while these scores decreased in the Baltimore area. The gain in correct knowledge scores for Washington shoppers compared with Baltimore shoppers was 9% for food fat and cholesterol content and 11% for the relationship between dietary fat and blood cholesterols levels. The food sales data indicate no apparent differences attributable to the intervention. Issues that might account for the lack of a significant change in food purchases, such as cost and the markets' individual sales promotion campaigns, are discussed, and recommendations for the design of future projects are made.

Community Participation↗
PubMed1986

Labor migration and risk aversion in less developed countries.

"In this paper we question the pioneering work of Todaro, which states that rural-to-urban labor migration in less developed countries (LDCs) is an individual response to a higher urban expected income. We demonstrate that rural-to-urban labor migration is perfectly rational even if urban expected income is lower than rural income. We achieve this under a set of fairly stringent conditions: an individual decision-making entity, a one-period planning horizon, and global risk aversion. We obtain the result that a small chance of reaping a high reward is sufficient to trigger rural-to-urban labor migration."

Behavior↗
PubMed1986

Where's the research?

This study was designed to survey RMTs in the Southeastern region of the National Association for Music Therapy, Inc. concerning their participation and interest in research. To accomplish this purpose, a questionnaire was designed and mailed to all RMTs in the Southeastern region (N = 310); completed surveys were returned by 141 individuals, for a response rate of 45%. This article discusses survey responses in the following four areas: respondents and populations served, nature of music therapy programs, research involvement, and research needs and interests.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1986

Purification and characterization of kynurenine formamidase activities from Streptomyces parvulus.

Two forms of kynurenine formamidase (EC 3.5.1.9; aryl-formylamine amidohydrolase) are present in extracts of Streptomyces parvulus. The higher molecular weight enzyme (Mr = 42 000), kynurenine formamidase I, appears to be constitutive and is present at relatively constant but low levels in antibiotic producing and nonproducing cultures, whereas the synthesis of the lower molecular weight form (Mr = 25 000), kynurenine formamidase II, is initiated just prior to the onset of actinomycin formation. It is postulated (i) that kynurenine formamidase II catalyzes the second step in the pathway from tryptophan----actinocin, and (ii) that it is regulated specifically for the specialized function of actinomycin biosynthesis. The role of kynurenine formamidase I is unknown. Formamidase I and II activities were purified from extracts of S. parvulus and kinetic parameters of the two enzymes were determined. Although some of the properties of the two enzymes are quite similar (substrate specificities, Km values), some striking differences were noted (pH and temperature optima, molecular size, chromatographic properties, sensitivity to certain ions and chemicals). Mutant studies suggest that expression of the gene(s) coding for formamidase II activity play an essential role in regulating the formation of actinocin and, hence, antibiotic synthesis. Kynurenine formamidase activity was also found in a representative number of Streptomyces species and related organisms suggesting that the enzyme may function in the degradative metabolism of tryptophan by certain actinomycetes in nature.

Amidohydrolases↗
PubMed1986

Low frequencies of apparently fragile X chromosomes in normal control cultures: a possible explanation.

Low frequencies of apparently fragile X [fra(X)] chromosomes have been reported in normal control, short-term, whole blood cultures, and they have been noted in both amniocyte and fetal blood cultures. However, there is currently no universal agreement on the lowest frequency for fra(X)(q27) that is diagnostic for the fragile X syndrome. Here, we present our observations on low levels of apparently fra(X) chromosomes in normal samples. We observed frequencies of 0.5% in short-term whole blood cultures and 0.9% in amniotic fluid cell cultures. In 1982, Steinbach et al. described nonspecific telomeric structural changes (TSC) and suggested that such low frequencies of apparently fra(X) chromosomes in normal material may be occurring by the same mechanism that is responsible for TSC formation. To determine if TSC formation can explain the significant baseline frequencies of fra(X) in normal controls, 10,457 cells were screened from 178 individuals referred for fra(X) analysis. Our findings indicated that TSC are not randomly distributed across chromosomes but tend to occur at specific sites. Based on our observations, we offer the hypothesis that the low frequency of apparent fra(X) in normal individuals may be due to nonrandom TSC distribution.

Amnion↗
PubMed1986

Effect of adeno-associated virus on transformation of NIH 3T3 cells by ras gene and on tumorigenicity of an NIH 3T3 transformed cell line.

Transfection of NIH-3T3 cells with the plasmid pJ234, containing DNA from the human bladder carcinoma T24 cell line (ras gene), results in their transformation. Adeno-associated virus did not affect significantly the number of the transformed foci when different multiplicities of infection were used and when the virus was added to the cultures at different time intervals before or after transfection. A transformed cell line was derived following transfection of NIH 3T3 cells by the ras gene. Infection of these cells with adeno-associated virus resulted in a decrease in their growth rate and cloning efficiency. These infected cells showed a dose-dependent reduction in the frequency and an increase in the latent period for tumor appearance in nude mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

A mutant cell line derived from NIH/3T3 cells: two oncogenes required for in vitro transformation.

EK-3, a cell line derived from NIH/3T3 cells, was isolated. These cells are nontumorigenic to NIH Swiss nude mice. They required both myc and ras genes for in vitro transformation in contrast to NIH/3T3 cells, which are efficiently transformed following transfection by ras alone. Two other genes, chloramphenicol acetyl transferase and geneticin resistance, could be efficiently transfected and expressed in both EK-3 cells and the parental NIH/3T3 cells. Thus the possibility that the requirement of myc in EK3 cells is due to low efficiency of transfection could be ruled out. The present study suggests that myc plays a significant role in the overall process of transformation rather than simply immortalization of the cells. The EK-3 line can be very helpful in elucidating this function.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Heterogeneity in transformation efficiency of NIH 3T3 cells as determined by transfection with oncogenes.

Clones of cells have been isolated from a culture of NIH 3T3 cells and characterized. A high degree of variation between the clones was observed in their efficiency of transformation following transfection with the ras and myc oncogenes. No correlation was found between this characteristic and either the growth rate of these cells in vitro or the efficiency of transfection, as judged by the acquisition of geneticin resistance and chloramphenicol acetyl transferase activity. Continuous maintenance of NIH 3T3 cells in culture resulted in a significant decrease in susceptibility to transformation. It is suggested that the NIH 3T3 cell line comprises a heterogeneous population of cells, and it is the balance between the various types of cells which determines the phenotype of the culture. This balance can be spontaneously disrupted while the culture is grown continuously in vitro.

Animals↗