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Biomedical subjects

E Kaplan

Publications and source records attributed to E Kaplan.

348 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

emm typing and validation of provisional M types for group A streptococci.

This report discusses the following issues related to typing of group A streptococci (GAS): The development and use of the 5' emm variable region sequencing (emm typing) in relation to the existing serologic typing system; the designation of emm types in relation to M types; a system for validation of new emm types; criteria for validation of provisional M types to new M-types; a list of reference type cultures for each of the M-type or emm-type strains of GAS; the results of the first culture exchange program for a quality control testing system among the national and World Health Organization collaborating centers for streptococci; and dissemination of new approaches to typing of GAS to the international streptococcal community.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Magnetic resonance imaging in ischemic injury after heart transplantation in rats.

Magnetic resonance imaging with and without gadolinium (Gd)-DTPA has been shown to enable detection of coronary occlusive ischemic injury and heart transplant rejection. This study was performed to examine findings on magnetic resonance images associated with ischemic injury after heart transplantation in rats. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed immediately before death in 22 rats, between 1 and 90 days after isogeneic (Lewis grafts, Lewis host; or Fischer graft, Fischer host) heterotopic heart transplantation. Ischemic injury, characterized histologically by cellular infiltration or myocyte necrosis, correlated inversely with graft duration. It was graded as moderate to severe in 5 of 5 rats killed at 1 to 2 days, and in 0 of 9 animals killed at greater than or equal to 30 days. T2-weighted myocardial signal intensity (TR = 2.3 seconds; TE = 90 milliseconds) correlated inversely with graft duration and was significantly greater in grafts with moderate or severe histologic abnormalities than in grafts with absent or minimal changes. GD-DTPA-induced myocardial enhancement was judged on T1-weighted images (TR = 0.5 seconds, TE = 25 milliseconds). Areas of intense enhancement were present in all seven grafts with severe histologic abnormalities, but in only 3 of 15 grafts with absent to moderate histologic abnormalities. In conclusion, after heart transplantation in rats, ischemic injury causes increased T2-weighted signal intensity and Gd-DTPA-induced T1-weighted signal enhancement--findings similar to those described in transient coronary occlusive ischemia and in graft rejection. Abnormalities seen on magnetic resonance images during the first few posttransplant weeks may represent ischemic injury rather than rejection.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Total lymphoid irradiation and discordant cardiac xenografts.

Total lymphoid irradiation can prolong concordant cardiac xenografts. The effects of total lymphoid irradiation in a discordant xenograft model (guinea pig to rat) were studied with and without adjuvant pharmacologic immunosuppression. Inbred Lewis rats were randomly allocated to one of four groups. Group 1 (n = 6) served as a control group and rats received no immunosuppression. Group 2 (n = 5) received triple-drug therapy that consisted of intraperitoneal azathioprine (2 mg/kg), cyclosporine (20 mg/kg), and methylprednisolone (1 mg/kg) for 1 week before transplantation. Group 3 animals (n = 5) received 15 Gy of total lymphoid irradiation in 12 divided doses over a 3-week period. Group 4 (n = 6) received both triple-drug therapy and total lymphoid irradiation as described for groups 2 and 3. Complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay was performed to determine if a correlation between complement-dependent cytotoxicity and rejection-free interval existed. Rejection was defined as cessation of graft pulsation and was confirmed by histologic test results. Only groups 1 and 2 showed a difference in survival (group 1, 6.9 +/- 1.0 minutes; group 2, 14.2 +/- 2.7 minutes, p = 0.02). Although total lymphoid irradiation did decrease complement-dependent cytotoxicity, linear regression revealed no correlation between complement-dependent cytotoxicity and graft survival (coefficient of correlation, 0.30). Unlike concordant cardiac xenografts, total lymphoid irradiation with or without triple-drug therapy does not prolong graft survival.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Circadian rhythms in urinary trace element and electrolyte excretion in children with and without endemic goiter.

Six boys and six girls 11 +/- 1.5 years of age living in the endemic goiter area of Tîrgovişte, Romania were studied. Three of the children of each sex did have a palpable endemic goiter, three did not. The children followed a diurnal activity pattern synchronized by their school routine and ate their usual three meal diet. Urine was collected at 4-hour intervals over a 24 hour span (six samples). Urinary volume, pH, total (T) solids, protein, glucose, phosphorus, uric acid, urea nitrogen, creatinine, total and nondialyzable (ND) sodium and potassium were determined by conventional methods and the total and nondialyzable (ND) portion of urinary calcium, magnesium, and zinc and the ND portion of aluminum, copper, boron, lead and silicon were determined by an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) system.

Child↗