Acute abdominal disorders in AIDS: CT evaluation.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Abdominal Pain↗
Biomedical subjects
E K Fishman
Publications and source records attributed to E K Fishman.
Computed tomography of the hand and wrist.
CT plays a limited but distinct role in the evaluation of the hand and wrist. It is most useful in assessing bone and joint anatomy and has only a secondary role in soft tissue abnormalities. The clearest value of CT is in assessing trauma and post-traumatic complications, such as malunion, nonunion, or avascular necrosis, where careful attention to position and technique can yield important information not otherwise obtainable.
Fractures, Bone↗
Pleural plaques do not predict asbestosis: high-resolution computed tomography and pathology study.
Pleural plaques can be caused by asbestos exposure, but their predictive value in diagnosing pulmonary asbestosis is uncertain. Similarly, although high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) can accurately detect parenchymal lung lesions, its ability to detect asbestosis is unknown. In a test of the predictive value of pleural plaques and HRCT, lungs of 29 autopsied patients with bilateral parietal pleural plaques were compared with lungs from 29 age- and sex-matched controls without pleural plaques. Significantly more of the patients with pleural plaques had histories of asbestos exposure (P less than 0.01). One lung from each patient was inflation fixed and air dried. HRCT of the lungs did not show significantly more thickening, lines, or densities in patients with pleural plaques than did controls; and HRCT did not predict a significantly greater likelihood of asbestos-related parenchymal disease in the study group. Gross and histologic examinations showed no significant intergroup differences in the frequency or severity of several forms of emphysema and fibrosis. Average asbestos fiber counts were not significantly higher in the lungs with pleural plaques. We conclude that pleural plaques do not predict asbestosis, and that high-resolution computed tomography accurately detects interstitial and parenchymal lung disease but cannot reliably diagnose asbestosis.
Adult↗
Case report 612: Rhabdomyosarcoma of the right psoas muscle.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Back↗
Computed tomography evaluation of the sacroiliac joints in Crohn disease. Radiologic/clinical correlation.
Computed tomography (CT) was used in a prospective study of the sacroiliac joints in 86 patients with Crohn disease to determine the type and frequency of sacroiliac joint abnormalities present in this population. The CT findings were correlated with review of the clinical history in 64 patients. Computed tomography demonstrated changes of sacroiliitis in 29% of the study group. This high prevalence of sacroiliac joint abnormality was found even in those under 30 years of age. It exceeds the 11-19% previously reported from plain film examination, reflecting the greater sensitivity of CT. In the subgroup of 64 patients studied clinically, 19 (30%) had abnormal sacroiliac joints on CT, but only 2 (3%) reported symptoms related to the sacroiliac joints.
Adult↗
Extramedullary hematopoiesis mimicking the appearance of carcinomatosis or peritoneal mesothelioma: computed tomography demonstration.
The computed tomographic (CT) appearance of extensive intra-abdominal extramedullary hematopoiesis is illustrated in a 51-year old woman with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia. The CT images closely simulate peritoneal carcinomatosis or peritoneal mesothelioma.
Carcinoma↗
Interactive multidimensional display of magnetic resonance imaging data.
Acquisition of multiparametric images in multiple planes often requires unacceptably long scanning times. The ability to display high quality planar cuts in arbitrary planes from single plane (eg, transaxial, coronal, or sagittal plane) images would alleviate the need to acquire images in multiple planes. The need to display data from three-dimensional volume acquisitions also poses a problem to the radiologist. We have developed an interactive multidimensional display tool for magnetic resonance data. The tool presents three orthogonal planes (such as transaxial, coronal, and sagittal) simultaneously and allows the user to interactively roam through the data set. The user can select any arbitrary oblique plane and obtain the corresponding reformations. Additionally the tool allows the correlated display of sets of differently acquired data. This tool offers an effective means for the display of isotropic data and reformated planar data. The ability to interact directly with the data allows increased transference of information to the radiologist and referring physician.
Brain↗
Enterovesical fistula in a patient with cryptosporidiosis and AIDS. CT demonstration.
A case of an enterovesical fistula demonstrated by computed tomography (CT) scan in an AIDS patient with cryptosporidiosis is reported. Other studies including barium enema and endoscopy were unsuccessful in detection of the fistula. The value of CT in both the AIDS patient and the patient with suspected enterovesical fistula is reviewed.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Rapidly progressive bilateral ureteral obstruction.
This is an unusual case of bilateral ureteral obstruction secondary to metastatic adenocarcinoma of an unknown primary. Knowledge of this condition and evaluation directed towards tissue confirmation of the process are important because recent reports suggest that chemotherapy may be helpful for some patients.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Three-dimensional CT-volumetric reconstruction and display of the bronchial tree.
We applied a refined version of our volumetric rendering technique for three-dimensional (3-D) computed tomographic (CT) imaging to display the cadaveric lung and the major components of the bronchial tree. We report details of the technical aspects of 3-D imaging of the lung, and four representative case studies of lung specimens from our initial experience.
Bronchography↗
Combined computerized tomography and angiography in the diagnosis of insulinoma.
We have presented a case of pancreatic insulinoma diagnosed by combined computerized tomography and angiography (CTA). In selected instances, CTA is preferable to dynamic enhanced CT in the detection of small pancreatic islet cell tumors.
Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
CT features of thoracic mycobacterial disease.
The authors review the computed tomographic (CT) features of thoracic tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections throughout their progressive stages. The spectrum of parenchymal findings seen in mycobacterial disease as well as the chronic changes of prior tuberculosis are illustrated. Altered appearances of tuberculosis occurring in patients with preexisting chest diseases such as sarcoidosis and silicosis and those associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are demonstrated. CT and conventional radiography are compared, and the advantages and complementary nature of CT are illustrated. The role of CT in evaluating complications of tuberculosis, including cavities, bronchogenic spread, bronchiectasis, and aspergilloma, is discussed.
Adult↗
CT of malignant melanoma in the chest, abdomen, and musculoskeletal system.
Malignant melanoma is an aggressive neoplasm that can involve virtually every organ system. This article provides a review of the various appearances on computed tomographic (CT) scans of melanoma involving the chest, abdomen, and musculoskeletal system. Specific emphasis is placed on the typical and atypical CT manifestations of disease as well as the similarity of these findings to those for other disease entities. The importance of accurate staging of melanoma is stressed.
Abdominal Neoplasms↗
Acute abdomen in AIDS: CT diagnosis and triage.
Computed tomographic (CT) scans of 80 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and acute abdominal pain were reviewed for the purpose of highlighting the use of CT in diagnosis and triage. Common and uncommon causes of acute abdominal pain in patients with AIDS are discussed and their CT findings illustrated. Clinical case histories demonstrate how CT can be used to quickly narrow diagnostic possibilities to perform triage between surgical and nonsurgical management and to further direct diagnostic workup.
Abdomen, Acute↗
Bleeding complications of femoral catheterization: CT evaluation.
Computed tomographic (CT) scans and clinical data were reviewed in 21 patients with significant hematoma occurring after catheterization. The procedures included percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (n = 15), cardiac catheterization (n = 2), peripheral angioplasty (n = 2), valvuloplasty (n = 1), and venous access catheterization (n = 1). Clinical data including medications, transfusion requirements, and sequelae were obtained by reviewing the patients' charts. Four distinct types of postcatheterization bleeding were identified at CT: retroperitoneal, intraperitoneal, groin and thigh, and abdominal wall hematomas. CT scans contributed to treatment in all patients by helping indicate the need for more intensive monitoring and by helping predict the potential need for surgery. Sequelae included the need for blood transfusions in 17 patients (mean of 5 units of blood in each patient receiving transfusion) and surgery in two patients for vessel repair.
Adult↗
Pulmonary septic emboli: diagnosis with CT.
The CT scans of 18 patients with documented pulmonary septic emboli were reviewed. CT features of septic emboli included multiple peripheral nodules ranging in size from 0.5 to 3.5 cm (15 of 18 patients [83%]), a feeding vessel sign (n = 12; [67%]), cavitation (n = 9; [50%]), wedge-shaped peripheral lesions abutting the pleura (n = 9 [50%]), air bronchograms within nodules (n = 5 [28%]), and extension into the pleural space (n = 7 [39%]). In six of the 18 patients, CT was the first modality (before radiography) to show lesions compatible with septic emboli. In five clinically unsuspected cases, CT first suggested the correct diagnosis of septic emboli. In eight patients, CT also enabled identification of more parenchymal lesions, presumed to be septic emboli, and more pleural involvement than chest radiographs, thus demonstrating a greater extent of disease. The authors conclude that CT is an important modality for confirming the presence of pulmonary septic emboli even when conventional chest radiographs remain negative. In the proper clinical setting, characteristic CT features of septic emboli can suggest the correct diagnosis.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: spectrum of parenchymal CT findings.
Computed tomographic (CT) scans of the chest in 39 patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) were reviewed to determine the spectrum and frequency of CT manifestations of PCP. Parenchymal disease was categorized as either bilateral or unilateral, symmetric or asymmetric, and diffuse or patchy. Infiltrates were classified as interstitial, airspace, or mixed. On this basis, three CT patterns of involvement were identified: a ground-glass patchwork pattern in 22 of 39 (56%), and an interstitial pattern in seven of 39 patients (18%). Atypical CT features of PCP included nodules and nodular components in seven of 39 (18%) and cavities in three of 39 patients (8%). Associated CT findings included cystic spaces and bullae in 15 of 39 (38%), pneumothorax in five of 39 (13%), adenopathy in seven of 39 (18%), and pleural effusions in seven of 39 patients (18%). It is concluded that although PCP may exhibit a variety of CT appearances, certain patterns are more common than others. In the appropriate clinical setting, these findings are highly suggestive of PCP. The identification of cavities or nodular components in addition to infiltrates should raise the suspicion of a second disease process or mixed infection affecting the lungs.
Adolescent↗
Amiodarone pulmonary toxicity: CT findings in symptomatic patients.
The computed tomographic (CT) chest scans of 11 patients who developed respiratory or constitutional symptoms while receiving amiodarone therapy were reviewed. CT findings indicative of significant amiodarone exposure included (a) high-attenuation parenchymal-pleural lesions in eight of the 11 patients (73%), and (b) increased liver and/or spleen attenuation in 10 of the 11 patients (91%). Nonspecific pulmonary infiltrates were identified in nine of the 11 patients (82%). Four patients had interstitial infiltrates, four had mixed alveolar and interstitial disease, and one had a conglomerate mass. CT findings of high-attenuation parenchymal-pleural abnormalities are thought to be related to the iodinated chemistry of the drug and its prolonged half-life within the lung. These unique properties of the drug and the use of CT to discriminate attenuation levels provide a means of identifying patients with significant pulmonary accumulation of amiodarone.
Adult↗