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Biomedical subjects

E Jenkins

Publications and source records attributed to E Jenkins.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Blood leucocyte count in the human fetus.

Total and differential leucocyte counts were measured in cord blood samples obtained by cordocentesis (n = 316) or at elective caesarean section (n = 11) from normal fetuses of between 18 and 40 weeks' gestation. The total fetal leucocyte count increased exponentially from 2.8 x 10(9)/l at 18 weeks to 11.8 x 10(9)/l at term. The lymphocyte and monocyte counts increased linearly and the number of neutrophils increased exponentially from a mean value of 0.2 x 10(9)/l at 18 weeks to 0.8 x 10(9)/l at 31 weeks and then 8.5 x 10(9)/l at term. Early myeloid cells, eosinophils, and basophils were observed in 24%, 55%, and 15% of the blood films respectively; they contributed less than 2% to the total leucocyte count and there were no significant changes with gestation. The physiological leucopenia observed in fetuses early in the third trimester may partly explain the predisposition of premature neonates to infection.

Blood Cell Count↗
PubMed1991

A strategy for managing change and stress. Developing staff support groups.

If change is stress-inducing, nursing must be one of the most stressful professions around. The profession is currently battling through a seemingly endless series of developments at all levels, which must affect individual practitioners. One way of minimising stress on nurses is to set up peer support groups.

Burnout, Professional↗
PubMed1990

Improved carrier detection of haemophilia A using novel RFLPs at the DXS115 (767) locus.

Two novel restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) around the DXS115 (767) locus, detectable with the restriction enzymes MspI, are described. Since DXS115 is closely linked to the factor VIII gene (F8C), the MspI RFLP was employed in haemophilia A carrier detection. The utility of these RFLPs lies in the increased applicability and accuracy of diagnoses carried out in cases where available intragenic markers are uninformative.

Deoxyribonuclease HpaII↗
PubMed1990

Management of fetal alloimmune thrombocytopenia by weekly in utero platelet transfusions.

Alloimmune neonatal thrombocytopenia (ANT) may cause intracranial haemorrhage in utero as well as at delivery. Recent management has concentrated on attempts to minimise fetal thrombocytopenia and prevent its complications. This report describes further experience with the use of repeated intravascular transfusions of compatible platelets in utero. The patient studied had already had one infant with intracranial haemorrhage due to ANT. In her next pregnancy, weekly intra-uterine platelet transfusions were given from 26 weeks, but intra-uterine death occurred at 30 weeks after the mother had a heavy fall. In her most recent pregnancy, weekly intravascular transfusions of platelets were given by cordocentesis from 29 to 34 weeks. The fetal platelet count was maintained above 30 X 10(9)/l for almost all of the last 6 weeks of pregnancy before delivery of a normal infant by Caesarean section at 35 weeks' gestation. This approach is effective in preventing severe fetal thrombocytopenia in the last trimester of pregnancy and is contrasted with alternative treatments of ANT. Further data are required to determine the efficacy and risks of these treatments.

Blood Transfusion, Intrauterine↗
PubMed1986

Decompression sickness incidence over 63 months of hypobaric chamber operation.

U.S. Army hypobaric chamber operations over a 63-month period were retrospectively reviewed, and incidence rates for decompression sickness were calculated. The overall incidence rate was 1.38/1000 exposures. The rate for interior technicians monitoring chamber operations was 6.16/1000 exposures. The rate for students was 0.64/1000 exposures. The increased incidence of decompression sickness for technicians was especially pronounced for the 10,668-m and 13,106-m flight profiles. Rapid decompression after the 7,620-m flight profile did not appear to increase the incidence of decompression sickness.

Altitude↗
PubMed1985

In vivo initiation of unstimulated in vitro interleukin-1 release by alveolar macrophages.

Alveolar macrophages (AM) can be stimulated in vitro with material such as lipopolysaccharide, and this activation releases cytokines, collectively called interleukin-1, that can stimulate local cells such as fibroblasts, systemic cells such as lymphocytes, and/or distant parenchymal cells such as hepatocytes. During murine infection with the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, AM are activated as the parasite larvae migrate through the lung. We examined AM for unstimulated release of lymphocyte-activating factor (LAF) and hepatocyte-stimulating factor (HSF) as evidence of in vivo activation. Two days after infection, marked unstimulated release of LAF was demonstrated along with a smaller increase in unstimulated release of HSF activity. Release of both activities could be further augmented by in vitro stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. Eight days after infection unstimulated HSF activity was even higher than on Day 2, whereas unstimulated LAF release returned to normal. These findings suggest that a natural infective process causes activation of the resident AM population, resulting in release of potent immune and inflammatory-modulating cytokines in situ and that AM play a crucial role in the initiation of host defense and repair responses to infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Immunohistochemical localization of alpha 1-antitrypsin in normal mouse liver and pancreas.

Using horseradish peroxidase and fluorescence immunohistochemistry, alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) was demonstrated in normal mouse hepatocytes and pancreatic islet cells. All hepatocytes were positive; 1--3% stained intensely for alpha 1AT. These were located mainly in the periportal area as well as randomly distributed, both singly and in clusters, throughout the liver lobule. Nonparenchymal liver cells were negative for alpha 1AT. The type of hepatocyte cytoplasmic staining appears to after during ontogeny, changing from a localized granular to a diffuse pattern. The use of immunohistochemistry to demonstrate alpha 1AT in normal mouse liver allows us to examine the acute phase response at a cellular level.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Statistical forecasting in a hospital clinical laboratory.

Three forecasting methodologies were applied to monthly laboratory test count data in order to arrive at a best procedure for forecasting ahead to cover the next fiscal year. The purpose of the forecasting was, first, to aid in reimbursement and income decisions and, second, to assist in operations management decisions within the laboratory itself. The Box-Jenkins ARIMA models were found to be superior in all cases, and forecasts for individual test counts (as opposed to packages of tests billed as a unit) were improved if forecasts for inpatients and outpatients were done separately and then aggregated. With 2 years of experience to go on, the annual forecast error stands at around 4.5%.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMed1976

Studies on a new polyether antibiotic, Ro 21-6150.

A new polyether antibiotic, Ro 21-6150, has been isolated from culture broths of Streptomyces hygroscopicus, strain X-14563. Ro 21-6150 has ionophore properties and is active in vitro against gram-positive bacteria.

Animals↗