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Biomedical subjects

E Jansson

Publications and source records attributed to E Jansson.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Chronic toxic encephalopathy investigated using dynamic posturography.

Seven male patients previously exposed to industrial solvents and diagnosed with chronic toxic encephalopathy (aged 38 to 69 years; mean age, 56 years) were investigated by dynamic posturography and compared with healthy, age-matched male control patients. Dynamic posturography comprises two phases: a sensory organization (SO) phase, in which the support surface and visual surround are either stable or referenced to the patient's sway, with eyes open or closed, and a movement coordination (MC) phase, in which the platform makes active movements. In SO testing, the patient group showed significantly impaired equilibrium performance compared with the control group in most test conditions. The MC test revealed no differences between groups. A relationship was found between the equilibrium score resulting from SO testing with stable support and visual surround and the sway area of the confidence ellipse elicited 3 years previously by static posturography with eyes open. We conclude that patients with chronic toxic encephalopathy have impaired equilibrium, as demonstrated by dynamic posturography testing.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

On the formation of fibrous capsule and fluid space around machined and porous blood plasma clot coated titanium.

Machined and machined submicron porous titanium, with and without a thin blood plasma coating (100 nm), were implanted for 7 or 28 days in subcutaneous pockets on the back of the rat. After explantation the specimens were analyzed by light microscopy with respect to thickness of the fibrous capsule, the fluid space width between implants and fibrous capsule, and formation of blood vessels. The results at 7 days indicate a thinnest fluid space for the plasma clot coated porous titanium surface, and the spaces vanished at the light microscopic level after 28 days outside all the analyzed surfaces. The thickness of the fibrous capsule increased outside the different surfaces at 7-28 days, and in this respect no significant differences were observed between the different surfaces at any time. Analysis of neovascularization showed that the number of vessels and proportion of vessels in the fibrous capsule increased with time at all surfaces, except machined Ti where the number instead decreased from 7 to 28 days. The average distance between the blood vessels and the fluid space increased with time for all types of surfaces. The results in the present study indicate that the healing process around titanium can be modulated by porosity and thin pre-prepared plasma coatings.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Examination of men with nongonococcal urethritis and their sexual partners for Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum.

Chlamydia trachomatis was recovered from 39 (52%) of 75 men who had nongonococcal urethritis and from 28 (37%) of their sexual partners. Of the partners of men with Chlamydia-positive nongonococcal urethritis, 64% excreted Chlamydia, compared with 8% of the partners of men with Chlamydia-negative nongonococcal urethritis. In contrast, an apparently sexual mode of transmission was not observed with Ureaplasma urealyticum. Rates of recovery of U. urealyticum from men with nongonococcal urethritis whose cultures were Chlamydia-positive and those whose cultures were Chlamydia-negative were the same. Significant seroconversion was detected bythe single-antigen immunofluorescence test in about 50% of patients who had Chlamydia-postive cultures.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of pelvic inflammatory disease associated with Mycoplasma hominis, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

We studied selected epidemiologic, clinical, serologic, and microbiologic findings and their interrelationships among 57 women with acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Cervical cultures positive for Neisseria gonorrhoeae alone and for both N. gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis were associated with young age, nulliparity, and use of birth-control pills. Positive serologic findings for C. trachomatis were associated with the isolation of C. trachomatis and/or N. gonorrhoeae from the cervix and predicted the presence of a pelvic mass. High levels of antibody to Mycoplasma hominis were associated with increasing age and parity, and predicted a low concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP), a long hospital stay, and a high convalescent-phase erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Women with recurrent PID had higher titers of antibody to C. trachomatis than those with primary PID. The use of an intrauterine contraceptive device predicted high CRP, high acute-phase ESR, long hospital stay, and was frequently associated with positive serologic tests for M. hominis. These results demonstrate that the clinical picture of PID depends not only on the microorganisms involved but also on many epidemiologic factors such as age, contraceptive method, and parity.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Is lateral electric surface stimulation an effective treatment for scoliosis?

Eighteen patients with scoliosis were treated with lateral electric surface stimulation (LESS). Four (23%) discontinued the program because of discomfort, five did not carry through an adequate treatment program, and nine (50%) coped with a proper program. In spite of a good initial correction, five patients in the latter group progressed during treatment. Muscle biopsy specimens before and after a treatment period of 18 months revealed a tendency for the stimulation output to spill over to the concave side of the curve. In this study, LESS has not been an effective treatment for scoliosis.

Biopsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human skeletal muscle fibre type variations correlate with PPAR alpha, PPAR delta and PGC-1 alpha mRNA.

AIMS: Studies from genetically modified animals have been instrumental in highlighting genes and their products involved in the regulation of muscle fibre type and oxidative phenotypes; however, evidence in humans is limited. Our aim was therefore to investigate expression of those genes implicated in the regulation of oxidative fibre phenotypes in humans. METHODS: Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction we determined mRNA expression of selected genes in skeletal muscle from three different groups, displaying physiological and pathological variations in muscle fibre type, activity and skeletal muscle metabolism respectively: (i) elite athletes (cyclists), with an increased proportion of type I slow twitch, oxidative fibres, (ii) normally active subjects with an average fibre type distribution, and (iii) spinal cord-injured subjects with a low proportion of type I fibres. RESULTS: Skeletal muscle mRNA expression of calcineurin Aalpha and Abeta, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha and -delta, and PPAR gamma coactivator (PGC)-1alpha and -1beta was determined. Calcineurin Aalpha and calcineurin Abeta mRNA expression was similar between groups. In contrast, mRNA expression of PPARalpha, PPARdelta, PGC-1alpha and -1beta was increased in athletes, when compared with normally active subjects. Furthermore, mRNA expression of PPARalpha, PPARdelta, PGC-1alpha and -1beta was reduced in spinal cord-injured subjects. Additionally, PPARalpha, PPARdelta and PGC-1alpha correlated with oxidative fibre content. CONCLUSION: Skeletal muscle mRNA expression of PPARalpha, PPARdelta, PGC-1alpha and -1beta reflects differences in type I muscle fibres associated with pathologically and physiologically induced skeletal muscle fibre type differences.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enzyme immunoassay for serum antibody to Mycoplasma hominis in women with acute pelvic inflammatory disease.

A sensitive, four-layer modification of an enzyme immunoassay was developed for the determination of serum antibodies to Mycoplasma hominis. The suitability of the test for diagnostic use was studied with women who had acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Twenty (23%) of 86 women with PID from whom paired sera were obtained demonstrated a significant change in levels of IgG antibody, a finding suggestive of recent infection with M. hominis. The occurrence of such change was not related to the isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae from the lower genital tract. Women with PID had significantly higher levels of IgG and IgA antibody to M. hominis, whereas the amount of IgM antibodies present did not differ between the groups. Levels of IgG antibody increased and those of IgM antibody decreased with increasing age. This change was found both among women with PID and among controls.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mycoplasmas and arthritis.

At least 13 mycoplasma species cause arthritis in animals. In some cases it remains chronic, and in particular Mycoplasma hyorhinis in swine and Mycoplasma synoviae in poultry clinically and histologically resemble rheumatoid arthritis in man. Of patients with serologically verified Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections 0.9% had arthritis. Usually it is mild, but may sometimes be the dominant clinical feature. This mycoplasma has twice been cultured from the synovial fluid, as has Ureaplasma urealyticum. A few scientists have succeeded in isolating fastidious mycoplasmas from joint fluid specimens taken from human subjects with acute and chronic arthritis. Their subcultivation has often been difficult or unsuccessful. With the new methods available, renewed attempts to enlighten the possible role of mycoplasmas in human joint disease could now usefully be made.

Animals↗