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Biomedical subjects

E Jacobsen

Publications and source records attributed to E Jacobsen.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Age-related changes in sebaceous wax ester secretion rates in men and women.

Sustainable rates of sebaceous wax ester secretion were measured on the foreheads of 109 men and 167 women, aged 15-97. Each measurement was made after first depleting the cutaneous sebum reservoir by overnight absorption of lipid into a layer of bentonite clay. Lipid was then absorbed for 3 h into fresh clay in which two 2-cm cloth disks were embedded. The absorbed lipid was extracted from the disks with ether and analyzed for wax esters by thin-layer chromatography. For both men and women there was a wide range of wax ester secretion rates at all ages. Rates were highest in the 15- to 35-year-olds and appeared to decline continuously throughout the adult age range. Values of log(wax esters) were better correlated with age than the untransformed values of wax ester secretion. The equations of best fit of log(wax esters) vs age suggested that sebum secretion declines about 23% per decade in men and 32% per decade in women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Relationship between arterial and heated skin surface carbon dioxide tension in adults.

Carbon dioxide tension was measured on heated skin surface (PSCO2) and in arterial blood (PaCO2) in eight adult patients during intermittent positive pressure ventilation. A total of 299 PaCO2-PSCO2 measurements were performed at electrode temperatures of 45 degrees C, 43 degrees C and 38 degrees C. The PSCO2-PaCO2 relation was evaluated using: 1) linear regression, 2) PSCO2/PaCO2 ratio and 3) temperature correction methods. Both linear regression and ratio indicate temperature dependency of the PSCO2-PaCO2 relation. The temperature correction method was done with a blood PCO2 temperature coefficient of 4.6% per degrees C and at two temperatures: electrode temperature (according to Severinghaus) and estimated capillary blood temperature. The results indicate that the relation between PaCO2, PSCO2 and electrode temperature is constant enough to permit estimation of PaCO2 from PSCO2 during stable circulatory conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Fournier's gangrene: 5 patients treated with hyperbaric oxygen.

The classic syndrome of Fournier's gangrene was observed in 5 men with involvement of the external genitals and lower abdominal wall. Mixed flora of anaerobic and aerobic microorganisms were grown, and extensive necrosis of the skin and subcutaneous gas were present in all patients. Soon after hospitalization all 5 patients were treated by excision of all necrotic and undermined tissue, intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics and hyperbaric oxygen administered at 3 atmospheres of pressure. One patient died of septic shock without any response to the therapy. The infection subsided shortly after the hyperbaric oxygen was instituted in the remaining 4 patients, who were cured. It is proposed that the treatment of Fournier's gangrene should be limited to centers capable of administering hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Our series does not prove that hyperbaric oxygenation is necessary for successful treatment but evidence suggests a beneficial effect of such therapy for nonclostridial gas gangrene.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Analgesic, respiratory and endocrine responses in normal man to THIP, a GABA-agonist.

In a controlled study, the effects of THIP (a synthetic gamma-aminobutyric-acid-agonist) on respiratory function (ventilatory response to CO2), first detection of stimulation (electrical stimulation of a tooth), pain threshold, magnitude of maximal tolerated pain stimulation, and plasma cortisol, prolactin and glucose were investigated in six normal men. Intramuscular injection of THIP in dosages of both 10 mg and 20 mg increased the magnitude of stimulus before first detection, and the pain threshold as well as the maximal tolerance of pain stimulation. THIP did not lead to changes in respiratory function, or in plasma cortisol, prolactin or glucose, suggesting an analgesic action independent of opiate receptors.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Stroke volume measured by pulsed ultrasound Doppler and M-mode echocardiography.

The velocity of the bloodstream in the ascending aorta was measured by pulsed ultrasound Doppler. The diameter of the aorta was measured by M-mode echocardiography. Forty-three measurements were performed in six patients, who all had a Swan-Ganz catheter. The calculated stroke volumes from the Doppler-Echo method were compared with the stroke volumes measured by the thermodilution technique, which was performed simultaneously with the Doppler measurements. The correlation between the measurements was good (r = 0.08). It is concluded that it is possible non-invasively to measure stroke volume (and cardiac output) by means of ultrasound Doppler and an echocardiograph.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Pharmacokinetics of the gamma-aminobutyric acid agonist THIP (Gaboxadol) following intramuscular administration to man, with observations in dog.

The pharmacokinetics of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist, THIP (Gaboxadol) has been studied following intramuscular administration of 10 or 20 mg THIP-monohydrate to six healthy human volunteers. Additional experiments with special reference to the possible occurrence of non-linear kinetics and to estimation of the efficiency of absorption were carried out in three beagle dogs. As estimated from the dogs, absorption of THIP from the site of injection was efficient (F = 0.94 +/- 0.16, mean +/- S.D., in 8 experiments). The time course of the THIP serum concentration was in all experiments adequately described by an open 1-compartment linear model. In most individual experiments a near maximum concentration was present at 15 or 10 min. after the administration to man and dog, respectively. In some subjects and dogs an uncertain relation was found between dose and the time integral of the THIP serum concentration, but the mode of variation did not suggest deviations from first-order kinetics at high doses or concentrations. The rate constant of elimination was estimated to 0.50 +/- 0.13 hr-1 and 0.52 +/- 0.13 hr-1 following injection of a 10 or 20 mg dose, respectively, to man (mean +/- S.D., n = 6), and similar values were obtained from the dogs.

Absorption↗
PubMed1982

Nitroglycerin for ergotism. Experimental studies in vitro and in migraine patients and treatment of an overt case.

Ergotamine was used to induce arterial contraction in vitro (measurement of isometric tension in segments from 3 human temporal arteries) and in vivo (peripheral systolic blood pressure measured by strain gauge plethysmography in 5 migrainous patients). In both these models of ergotism, the directly acting vasodilator nitroglycerine (NTG) effectively relieved the ergotamine-induced arterial contractions. A case of ergotism treated successfully with NTG infusion is reported. The diagnosis was based on history and measurement of peripheral systolic blood pressure by strain gauge plethysmography. The latter technique was also used to monitor the response to treatment for 20 h. Blood levels of ergotamine during ergotism were in the therapeutic range. Possible explanations for this finding are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Aberrant left pulmonary artery. Review of surgical results and report of a successfully treated case.

Aberrant left pulmonary artery is a rare anomaly which can cause severe respiratory distress by compressing the distal trachea. The most reliable diagnostic measures are barium swallow, which in most cases shows an anterior indentation of the oesophagus, and a pulmonary arteriogram to provide a conclusive diagnosis. Tomography of the trachea and the main bronchi should be performed, in order to detect possible additional malformations in the airways. In severely symptomatic cases, surgical correction should be done before a life-threatening situation has developed. The correction is best performed through a left thoracotomy, with transposition of the left pulmonary artery and end-to-side anastomosis to the main pulmonary artery. The postoperative course may be difficult, and the patient may require respirator support for two to three weeks. Early surgical revision must be considered if symptoms persist, if additional stenosis is demonstrated, or if malformations such as complete tracheal rings are observed in the area of compression at the time of the vascular correction.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1982

Is transcutaneous oxygen tension independent of variations in blood flow and in arterial blood pressure?

Whether transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcPO2) is independent of minor variations in perfusion under the TcPO2 electrode, as is claimed, was studied in 18 feet of 16 young healthy adults. The TcPO2 electrode was mounted on the dorsum of the foot and operated at 43 degrees C, while the blood pressure was changed by elevating and lowering the foot. During elevation the mean arterial blood pressure decreased corresponding to the hydrostatic pressure of the column of blood between the heart and the position of the foot. In every experiment TcPO2 decreased when the foot was elevated at an average rate of 1.2% per millimeter Hg change in mean arterial blood pressure. TcPO2 was negatively correlated to blood flow in normal unheated tissue, but significantly and positively correlated to blood flow in the heated, vasodilated tissue under the TcPO2 electrode. In the heated tissue normal blood flow regulation was abolished, and the perfusion under the electrode was mainly determined by the arterial blood pressure. It is concluded that TcPO2 in adults--and probably also in neonates--is affected by the minor or large variations in the perfusion under the electrode caused by fluctuations in arterial blood pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Pulmonary hemodynamics during direct diagnostic laryngoscopy.

Acute changes in systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics, together with blood gas changes, were recorded during diagnostic laryngoscopy for biopsy. Laryngoscopy was performed under general anesthesia, and two groups of patients were studied, one was ventilated intermittently, the other had controlled ventilation through an endotracheal tube. PaCO2 rose in both groups, but only in the intermittently ventilated patients did the PaCO2 values increase above normal levels. No significant difference in cardiovascular response was found between the two groups. Significant changes were: increases in mean arterial pressure, pulmonary arterial mean pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and central venous pressure. The increases reached a maximum during the laryngoscopic procedure and returned towards control values when the laryngoscope was removed. Systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance remained unchanged. The rises in PaCO2 and sympathetic stimulation are believed to the the man causes for the observed hemodynamic changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Respiratory, analgesic and endocrine responses to an enkephalin analogue in normal man.

In a controlled study, the effect of a new enkephalin analogue (FW 34-569, Sandoz) on respiratory function (ventilatory response to CO2), pain threshold (hot plate technique), and plasma cortisol, prolactin, growth hormone, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was investigated in six normal subjects. One milligram of enkephalin, but not 0.5 mg, resulted in a significantly decreased ventilatory response to CO2, although mean values were not significantly different from saline control values (0.05 less than P less than 0.1). Neither 0.5 mg nor 1.0 mg enkephalin influenced pain threshold, but doses stimulated growth hormones and prolactin release and inhibited the release of cortisol and LH, while FSH remained unchanged.

Adult↗